{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:54:03Z","timestamp":1772963643939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Appl Acarol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following its eradication from the USA, the cattle fever tick, <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Boophilus<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>microplus<\/jats:italic> (Canestrini), a vector of bovine babesiosis, has made episodic incursions into, and sometimes beyond, an established barrier zone separating tick-free from endemic areas. In large part the incursions involve hosting and transport by wild ungulates, particularly deer and antelope. One approach to disinfest ticks from wild hosts is with food baits medicated to stop parasites. The approach has had mixed success due to factors that have been previously identified with supplemental feeding of wildlife especially competition for the bait, social dominance behavior, and the availability of alternative food sources. Given that not all of the target hosts will intake a therapeutic dose of the medication (ivermectin) at all seasons of the year, an open question is whether the approach is efficacious as a stand-alone treatment or even as part of an integrated program. As detailed in the present study an intensive effort was successful in eradicating a local outbreak of fever ticks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T11:03:14Z","timestamp":1646218994000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Medicated corn feeders to disinfest cattle fever ticks, Boophilus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), from a suburban population of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Cervidae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald B.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Duhaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"699_CR1","volume-title":"Agricultural and Food Policy Center Report 10\u20132","author":"DP Anderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson DP, Hagerman AD, Teel PD, Wagner GG, Outlaw JL, Herbst BK (2010) Economic impact of expanded fever tick range. Agricultural and Food Policy Center Report 10\u20132. Texas A & M University, College Station"},{"key":"699_CR2","first-page":"1218","volume":"31","author":"ML Bartoskevitz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bartoskevitz ML, Hewitt DG, Bryant FC (2003) Supplemental feed use by free ranging white-tailed deer in southern Texas. Wildl Soc Bull 31:1218\u20131228","journal-title":"Wildl Soc Bull"},{"key":"699_CR201","first-page":"599","volume-title":"Biology and management of white-tailed deer","author":"JL Bowman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bowman JL (2011) Managing white-tailed deer: exurban, suburban and urban environments. In: Hewitt DG (ed) Biology and management of white-tailed deer. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp 599\u2013620"},{"key":"699_CR3","unstructured":"Bonilla D (2017) Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program Use of Ivermectin Corn. Final Environmental Assessment, January 2017. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins"},{"key":"699_CR4","unstructured":"Cain A, Wallace M (2003) Age determination of white-tailed deer. Texas Parks & Wildlife Booklet 7000-755, Austin"},{"key":"699_CR5","first-page":"167","volume":"39","author":"V Cerkvenik-Flajs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cerkvenik-Flajs V (2002) Ivermectin pharmacokinetics. Slov Vet Res 39:167\u2013178","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res"},{"key":"699_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/3799870","volume":"35","author":"RS Cook","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cook RS, White M, Trainer DO, Glazener WC (1971) Mortality of young white-tailed deer in south Texas. J Wildl Manag 35:47\u201356","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"key":"699_CR7","first-page":"155","volume":"36","author":"LM Cooksey","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cooksey LM, Davey RB, George JE (1986) Suitability of white-tailed deer as hosts for cattle fever ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 36:155\u2013158","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-11-304","volume":"56","author":"CR Currie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Currie CR, Hewitt DG, Ortega-S JA, Schuster GL, Campbell TA, Lohmeyer KH, Wester DB, P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n A (2020) Efficacy of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) treatment for cattle fever ticks in southern Texas, USA. J Wildl Dis 56:588\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/2015-11-304","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"699_CR9","first-page":"175","volume":"844","author":"M Danaher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Danaher M, Howells LC, Crooks SR, Cerkvenk-Flajs V, O\u2019Keefe M (2006) Review of methodology for the determination of macrocyclic lactone residues in biological matrices. J Chromatog 844:175\u2013203","journal-title":"J Chromatog"},{"key":"699_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.12.040","volume":"169","author":"RB Davey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davey RB, Pound JM, Miller JA, Klavons JA (2010) Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a long acting (LA) formulation of Ivermectin against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and sera concentration through time in treated cattle. Vet Parasitol 169:149\u2013156","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"699_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.606","volume":"77","author":"RN Donohue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donohue RN, Hewitt DG, Fulbright TE, DeYoung CA, Draeger DA (2013) Aggressive behavior of white-tailed deer at concentrated food sources as affected by population density. J Wildl Manag 77:1401\u20131418","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"key":"699_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.011","volume":"179","author":"A Gonzalez-Canga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Canga A, Sahagun-Prieto AM, Diez-Liebana MJ, Fernandes-Martinez N, Sierra-Vega M, Garcia-Vieitiz JJ (2009) The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Ivermectin in domestic species. Vet J 179:25\u201337","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"699_CR13","first-page":"3","volume":"53","author":"DW Hirth","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hirth DW (1977) Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to habitat. Wildl Monogr 53:3\u201355","journal-title":"Wildl Monogr"},{"key":"699_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(89)90079-3","volume":"5","author":"HC Jackson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jackson HC (1989) Ivermectin as a systemic insecticide. Parasitol Today 5:146\u2013156","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"699_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-6.4.437","volume":"6","author":"TP Kistner","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kistner TP, Hayes FA (1970) White-tailed deer as hosts of cattle fever ticks. J Wildl Dis 6:437\u2013440","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"699_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy004","volume":"55","author":"KH Lohmeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lohmeyer KH, May MA, Thomas DB, P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n AA (2018) Implication of Nilgai Antelope (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in reinfestations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in South Texas: a review and update. J Med Entomol 55:515\u2013522","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1985.35194","volume":"33","author":"CG MacIntosh","year":"1985","unstructured":"MacIntosh CG, Mason PC, Manley T, Baker K, Littlejohn R (1985) Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Febentel and Ivermectin in red deer (Cervus elaphus). New Z Vet J 33:127\u2013131","journal-title":"New Z Vet J"},{"key":"699_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/82.6.1650","volume":"82","author":"JA Miller","year":"1989","unstructured":"Miller JA, Garris GI, George JE, Oehler DD (1989) Control of lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on spanish goats and white-tailed deer with orally administered ivermectin. J Econ Entomol 82:1650\u20131656","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14219.x","volume":"62","author":"S Nolan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nolan S, Schnitzerling HS, Bird P (1985) The use of ivermectin to cleanse tick infested cattle. Austral Vet J 62:386\u2013388","journal-title":"Austral Vet J"},{"key":"699_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-09-239","volume":"59","author":"PU Olafson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olafson PU, Thomas DB, May MA, Buckmeier BG, Duhaime R (2018) Tick vector and disease pathogen surveillance of Nilgain antelope Boselaphus tragocamelus in southeastern Texas. J Wildl Dis 59:734\u2013744","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"699_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saab034","volume":"115","author":"WL Osbrink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osbrink WL, Thomas DB, Lohmeyer KH, Temeyer KB (2022) Climate change and alternative hosts complicate the eradication of cattle fever ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the southern United States, a review. Ann Entomol Soc Am 115:39\u201355","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"699_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.3.385","volume":"33","author":"JM Pound","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pound JM, Miller JA, George JE, Oehler DD, Harmel DE (1996) Systemic treatment of white-tailed deer with ivermectin-medicated bait to control free-living populations of Lone Star Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 33:385\u2013394","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.4.588","volume":"37","author":"JM Pound","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pound JM, Miller JA, George JE, Lemeilleur CA (2000) The \u20184-Poster\u2019 passive topical treatment device to apply acaricide for controlling ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) feeding on white-tailed deer. J Med Entomol 37:588\u2013594","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1603\/EC09359","volume":"103","author":"JM Pound","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pound JM, George JE, Kammlah DM, Lohmeyer KH, Davey RB (2010) Evidence for role of white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in epizootiology of cattle ticks and southern cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in reinfestations along the Texas\/Mexico border in south Texas: a review and update. J Econ Entomol 103:211\u2013218","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"699_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saz053","volume":"113","author":"DB Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas DB, Klafke G, Busch JD, OlafsonPU Miller RA, Mosqueda J, Stone NE, Scoles G, WagnerDM Perez-de-Leon AA (2020) Tracking the increase of acaricide resistance in an invasive population of cattle fever ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and implementation of real-time PCR assays to rapidly genotype resistance mutations. Ann Entomol Soc Am 113:298\u2013309","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"699_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.19080\/JDVS.2018.07.555723","volume":"7","author":"J Tidwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tidwell J, Vitek CJ, Thomas DB (2018) Status update on the threat of babesiosis returning to the United States. Dairy Vet Sci J 7(5):55\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/JDVS.2018.07.555723","journal-title":"Dairy Vet Sci J"},{"key":"699_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.001","volume":"342","author":"HH Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang HH, Teel PD, Grant WE, Schuster G, P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n AA (2016) Simulated interactions of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), climate variation and habitat heterogeneity on southern cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) eradication methods in south Texas, USA. Ecol Model 342:82\u201396","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"699_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.2193\/2006-300","volume":"71","author":"SL Webb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webb SL, Hellickson MW (2007) Scale of management for mature male white-tailed deer as influenced by home-range and movements. J Wildl Manag 71:1507\u20131512","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Applied Acarology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T09:15:59Z","timestamp":1648631759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-022-00699-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8162","1572-9702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8162","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing personal or financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}