{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:03:50Z","timestamp":1765382630639,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23wm0225034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23wm0225034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Appl Acarol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1764663387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rewilded horses as a nature-based solution for wintertime tick control in Japan: help or hindrance?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Mackenzie L.","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazuki","family":"Echigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Hoketsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurie","family":"Taya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideka","family":"Numata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Shiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Kelava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Markowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nariaki","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60938-y","volume":"10","author":"C Beer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beer C, Zimov N, Olofsson J, Porada P, Zimov S (2020) Protection of permafrost soils from thawing by increasing herbivore density. Sci Rep 10(1):e4170","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.08.004","volume":"8","author":"G Benelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benelli G, Maggi F, Romano D, Stefanini C, Vaseeharan B, Kumar S, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Mehlhorn H, Canale A (2017) Nanoparticles as effective acaricides against ticks\u2014a review. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 8(6):821\u2013826","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1071\/WR21154","volume":"50","author":"BD Cooke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooke BD (2022) Fifty-year review: European rabbit fleas, Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale, 1878) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), enhanced the efficacy of myxomatosis for controlling Australian rabbits. Wildlife Res 50(1):4\u201315","journal-title":"Wildlife Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2015.1076339","volume":"14","author":"J de la Fuente","year":"2015","unstructured":"de la Fuente J, Contreras M (2015) Tick vaccines: current status and future directions. Expert Rev Vaccines 14(10):1367\u20131376","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad150","volume":"61","author":"CP Diyes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diyes CP, Yunik ME, Dergousoff SJ, Chilton NB (2024) Effect of snow cover on the off-host survival of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae. J Med Entomol 61(1):46\u201354","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(98)80125-3","volume":"31","author":"A Forsten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forsten A (1998) The late Pleistocene-Holocene horses, not asses, from Japan (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equus). Geobios 31(4):545\u2013548","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"1097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.12.033","volume":"93","author":"N Frantzeskaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frantzeskaki N (2019) Seven lessons for planning nature-based solutions in cities. Env Sci Pol 93:101\u2013111","journal-title":"Env Sci Pol"},{"key":"1097_CR8","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Acari and Emerging\/Reemerging diseases","author":"H Fujita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fujita H, Takada N (2007) Identification of immature ticks in Japan. (Ed.), Acari and Emerging\/Reemerging diseases. Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co, Tokyo, pp 53\u201368. InOrganization Committee of SADI"},{"key":"1097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7497-1","volume-title":"The hard ticks of the world","author":"AA Guglielmone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guglielmone AA, Robbins RG, Apanaskevich DA, Petney TN, Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Horak IG (2014) The hard ticks of the world. Springer, Dordrecht"},{"issue":"2","key":"1097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.58.99","volume":"58","author":"M Iwasa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwasa M, Watanabe T (2007) Surveys on the occurrence of flies (Diptera) from cow, horse and pig dung in Hokkaido, Japan. Med Entomol Zool 58(2):99\u2013104","journal-title":"Med Entomol Zool"},{"issue":"12","key":"1097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.23-0188","volume":"85","author":"I Kobayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kobayashi I, Nakamura K, Saito I, Akita M, Tozaki T, Miyazaki M, Hano K, Takasu M (2023) Changes in population structure and genetic diversity of Misaki horses between 2015 and 2020. J Vet Med Sci 85(12):1327\u20131329","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1097_CR12","first-page":"229","volume":"46","author":"K Kuramochi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuramochi K, Isai N, Yamashina T (2000) Distribution and seasonal prevalence of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in grazing pastures in Tokachi district. Jap J Grassland Sci 46(3\u20134):229\u2013233","journal-title":"Jap J Grassland Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2018.8.e31","volume":"8","author":"M Kwak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwak M, Somerville C, Van Nunen S (2018) A novel Australian tick Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis inducing mammalian meat allergy after tick bite. Asia Pac Allergy 8(3):e31","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"1097_CR14","first-page":"253","volume":"2014","author":"IS Law","year":"2014","unstructured":"Law IS (2014) A tick-infested reticulated python. Singap Biodivers Rec 2014:253\u2013254","journal-title":"Singap Biodivers Rec"},{"issue":"5","key":"1097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102201","volume":"14","author":"H Matsuyama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsuyama H, Doi K, Agetsuma N, Suzuki M (2023) Quantifying the direct and indirect effects of sika deer (Cervus nippon) on the prevalence of infection with Rickettsia in questing Haemaphysalis megaspinosa: a field experimental study. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 14(5):e102201","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.023","volume":"4","author":"F McGain","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGain F, Welton R, Solley GO, Winkel KD (2016) First fatalities from tick bite anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 4(4):769\u2013770","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"1097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132359","volume":"10","author":"PJ Naundrup","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naundrup PJ, Svenning JC (2015) A geographic assessment of the global scope for rewilding with wild-living horses (Equus ferus). PLoS One 10(7):e0132359","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2300\/acari.27.1","volume":"27","author":"K Okabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okabe K, Makino SI, Shimada T, Furukawa T, Iijima H, Watari Y (2018) Tick predation by the pseudoscorpion Megachernes ryugadensis (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae), associated with small mammals in Japan. J Acarol Soc Jpn 27(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"J Acarol Soc Jpn"},{"issue":"2","key":"1097_CR19","volume":"5","author":"R Pienaar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pienaar R, Neitz AW, Mans BJ (2018) Tick paralysis: solving an enigma. Vet Sci 5(2):e53","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"1097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.659570","volume":"9","author":"DI Rubenstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubenstein DI, Feinstein LH (2021) Bothersome flies: how free-ranging horses reduce harm while maintaining nutrition. Front Ecol Evol 9:e659570","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"key":"1097_CR21","first-page":"39","volume":"43","author":"WM Samuel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuel WM (2007) Factors affecting epizootics of winter ticks and mortality of moose. Alces 43:39\u201348","journal-title":"Alces"},{"issue":"12","key":"1097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024001227","volume":"151","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Shimozuru M, Yamanaka M, Ito G, Nakao R, Tsubota T (2024) Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido Sika deer (Cervus Nippon yesoensis). Parasitology 151(12):1\u20139","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-697X.2010.00201.x","volume":"57","author":"A Shoji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shoji A, Hayashi H, Kohyama K, Sasaki H (2011) Effects of horse grazing on plant species richness and abundance of Iris Setosa in a boreal semi-natural grassland, Japan. Grassl Sci 57(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"Grassl Sci"},{"key":"1097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107510","volume":"261","author":"Y Taya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taya Y, Shiraki Y, Kelava S, Fujisawa N, Ohari Y, Kwak ML, Baba S, Numata H, Pandey GS, Ohsugi Y, Katada Y (2025) Intra-individual polymorphisms in the mitochondrial COI gene of tick-killing Ixodiphagus wasps parasitizing Haemaphysalis flava ticks. Acta Trop 261:e107510","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101773","volume":"12","author":"AT Thompson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thompson AT, White SA, Shaw D, Garrett KB, Wyckoff ST, Doub EE, Ruder MG, Yabsley MJ (2021) A multi-seasonal study investigating the phenology, host and habitat associations, and pathogens of Haemaphysalis longicornis in Virginia, USA. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 12(5):e101773","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1097_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70845","volume":"15","author":"KM Tomita","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tomita KM, Matsuyama H (2025) Cleaning interactions between crows and sika deer: implications for tick-borne disease management. Ecol Evol 15(2):e70845","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad160","volume":"61","author":"DD Vinogradov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vinogradov DD, Smagin AS, Belova OA, Tsurikov SM, Karganova GG, Tiunov AV (2024) Identification of soil-dwelling predators of tick nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) by stable isotope labeling. J Med Entomol 61(2):512\u2013516","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"6381","key":"1097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas8694","volume":"359","author":"SB Weinstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinstein SB, Buck JC, Young HS (2018) A landscape of disgust. Science 359(6381):1213\u20131214","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamaguti N, Tipton VJ, Keegan HL, Toshioka S (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15(1)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.25691"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Applied Acarology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T15:55:16Z","timestamp":1765382116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-025-01097-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8162","1572-9702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0168-8162"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-9702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No experiments were performed on live animals or human subjects and all ethical guidelines for research in Japan were adhered to.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"67"}}