{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:37:19Z","timestamp":1791830239633,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002352","name":"Ain Shams University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Appl Acarol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Strawberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa<\/jats:italic>\n                    Duch.) is a high-value global crop, yet its productivity is severely constrained by the two-spotted spider mite,\n                    <jats:italic>Tetranychus urticae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Koch. Developing localized economic thresholds is a cornerstone of sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to mitigate yield losses and reduce acaricide reliance. This two-season field study (2019\u20132020) investigated the quantitative relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>T. urticae<\/jats:italic>\n                    population density and strawberry yield in Egypt. Using varying infestation levels established via Chitosan (Top9 0.1%) treatments, linear regression and Chi-square (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) analyses were employed to determine four critical economic levels: General Equilibrium Position (GEP), Economic Threshold Level (ETL), Economic Injury Level (EIL), and Economic Damage Level (EDL). Results revealed a highly significant negative correlation between mite density and yield (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = -0.96*** in 2019;\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = -0.97*** in 2020), with an average yield reduction of 1.25% per mite. The estimated EIL and ETL were 4.0 mites\/leaf in 2019 and 3.4 mites\/leaf in 2020. These findings provide a precise decision-making framework for mite management in Mediterranean strawberry production. The low estimated thresholds suggest that proactive, preventive management strategies are more effective than reactive control to maintain strawberry yield.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-026-01159-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:37:44Z","timestamp":1787143064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimation of economic injury levels and action thresholds for the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on strawberry plants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-0949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman M.","family":"Abdelmaksoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoukry A.","family":"El-Refai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadry W.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2025.107356","volume":"197","author":"YN Alpkent","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alpkent YN, G\u00f6k N, \u00c7obano\u011flu S, \u0130nak E, Van Leeuwen T (2025) Extensive monitoring of acaricide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Tetranychus urticae populations collected from strawberry production areas in T\u00fcrkiye. Crop Prot 197:107356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2025.107356","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"1159_CR2","unstructured":"Amwal Al Ghad (2025) Egypt retains global lead in frozen strawberry exports in \u201824. Available via https:\/\/en.amwalalghad.com\/egypt-retains-global-lead-in-frozen-strawberry-exports-in-24\/. Accessed 15 March 2026"},{"key":"1159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.3390\/su14042395","volume":"14","author":"A Assouguem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Assouguem A, Kara M, Mechchate H, Korkmaz YB, Benmessaoud S, Ramzi A, Abdullah KR, Noman OM, Farah A, Lazraq A (2022) Current situation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Northern Africa: the sustainable control methods and priorities for future research. Sustainability 14:2395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14042395","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13010055","volume":"13","author":"YS Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi YS, Kim MJ, Baek S (2022) Within-plant distribution of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on strawberries: decision of an optimal sampling unit. Insects 13:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects13010055","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"1159_CR5","unstructured":"Egyptian Gazette (2026) Egypt ranked world\u2019s top exporter of frozen strawberry shipments in 2025. https:\/\/egyptian-gazette.com\/egypt-ranked-worlds-top-exporter-of-frozen-strawberry-shipments-in-2025\/. Accessed 15 March 2026"},{"key":"1159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-021-00558-2","volume":"45","author":"ESM El-Saiedy","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Saiedy ESM, Fahim SF (2021) Evaluation of two predatory mites and acaricide to suppress Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on strawberry. Bull Natl Res Cent 45:97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-021-00558-2","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent"},{"key":"1159_CR7","volume-title":"Methods of statistical analysis","author":"CH Goulden","year":"1960","unstructured":"Goulden CH (1960) Methods of statistical analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"1159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490263756","volume":"44","author":"SM Hannum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hannum SM (2004) Potential impact of strawberries on human health: a review of the science. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408690490263756","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"1159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4038\/tar.v22i1.2670","volume":"22","author":"GG Jayasinghe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jayasinghe GG, Mallik B (2011) Growth stage based economic injury levels for two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Trop Agric Res 22:54\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4038\/tar.v22i1.2670","journal-title":"Trop Agric Res"},{"key":"1159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalmosh FS (2018) Population density, economic threshold and injury levels of Tetranychus urticae and Petrobia tritici infesting wheat plants at Sharkia and Beheira Governorates, Egypt. 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The mite species (\n                      Tetranychus urticae\n                      ) used in this study is not subject to ethical committee approval for research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"25"}}