{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T09:35:15Z","timestamp":1793007315837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira De Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0482b5b22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Appl Acarol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus linnaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a tick widely associated with domestic dogs and is of recognized veterinary and public health importance. However, the recent taxonomic delimitation of this species, previously included within the\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato complex, has made the production of species-specific biological data necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the life cycle parameters and reproductive performance of\n                    <jats:italic>R. linnaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    under controlled laboratory conditions. The specimens used were obtained from a laboratory colony established from engorged females collected from dogs, and artificial infestations were subsequently performed on rabbits. We evaluated the engorgement periods in larvae, nymphs, and adults; the molting period in the immature stage; and, in adult females, the body weight, preoviposition period, egg mass weight, incubation period, hatching rate, and nutritional conversion index. The results revealed significant differences among developmental stages, with an increase in the engorgement period from the larval stage to the adult stage and a longer molting period in the nymph stage. In adult females, a strong positive association was observed between body weight and egg mass weight, indicating a direct relationship between blood meal volume and reproductive investment. In addition, heavier egg masses were associated with higher hatching rates. These results provide updated information on the biology of\n                    <jats:italic>R. linnaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and contribute to a more precise understanding of its dynamics under the currently accepted taxonomy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:42:28Z","timestamp":1787568148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biological parameters of Rhipicephalus linnaei determined using rabbits as experimental hosts under laboratory conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-0431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joelly","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Valerio","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8167-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e2mella Oliveira","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6349-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandra Marla","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"de Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Arag\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u00e1vila Dandara","family":"de Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0520-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline Cavalcante","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Andreotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.08.002","volume":"4","author":"RF Almeida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida RF, Garcia MV, Cunha RC, Matias J, Labruna MB, Andreotti R (2013) The first report of Rickettsia spp. in Amblyomma nodosum in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 4(1\u20132):156\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.08.002","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"key":"1175_CR2","first-page":"61","volume":"4","author":"GH Bechara","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bechara GH, Szab\u00f3 MPJ, Ferreira BR, Garcia MV (1995) Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick in Brazil: feeding and reproductive aspects under laboratorial conditions. Brazilian J Veterinary Parasitol 4:61\u201366","journal-title":"Brazilian J Veterinary Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9321-8","volume":"50","author":"L Burlini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burlini L, Teixeira KR, Szab\u00f3 MPJ, Famadas KM (2009) Molecular dissimilarities of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil and its relation with samples throughout the world: is there a geographical pattern? Exp Appl Acarol 50:361\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-009-9321-8","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"1175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx066","volume":"54","author":"RL Caetano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caetano RL, Vizzoni VF, Bitencourth K, Carri\u00e7o C, Sato TP, Pinto ZT, de Oliveira SV, Amorim M, Voloch CM, Gazeta GS (2017) Ultrastructural morphology and molecular analyses of tropical and temperate species of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil. J Med Entomol 54:1201\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjx066","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"1175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2307\/3280361","volume":"65","author":"A Campbell","year":"1979","unstructured":"Campbell A, Glines MV (1979) Development, survival, and oviposition of the rabbit tick Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard) (Acari: Ixodidae), at constant temperatures. J Parasitol 65:777\u2013781","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.011","volume":"128","author":"MT Coutinho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coutinho MT, Bueno LL, Sterzik A, Fujiwara RT, Botelho JR, De Maria M, Genaro O, Linardi PM (2005) Participation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol 128:149\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.030","volume":"152","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F (2008) The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. Vet Parasitol 152:173\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.030","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26","volume":"3","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F (2010) Biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasites Vectors 3:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"1175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06572-3","volume":"17","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, de Sousa-Paula LC, Otranto D (2024) The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group: updated list of species, geographical distribution, and vector competence. Parasites Vectors 17:540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06572-3","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"1175_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/64.6.1305","volume":"64","author":"RO Drummond","year":"1971","unstructured":"Drummond RO, Whetstone TM, Ernst SE, Gladney WJ (1971) Oviposition of the American dog tick (Acarina: Ixodidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 64:1305\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aesa\/64.6.1305","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"1175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4322\/rbpv.01804002","volume":"18","author":"S Gaxiola-Camacho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gaxiola-Camacho S, Garc\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez Z, Cruz-V\u00e1zquez C, Portillo-Loera J, V\u00e1zquez-Pel\u00e1ez C, Quintero-Mart\u00ednez MT, Rosario-Cruz R (2009) Comparison of efficiency and reproductive aptitude indexes between a reference and field strains of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, in Sinaloa, Mexico. Brazilian J Veterinary Parasitol 18:9\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4322\/rbpv.01804002","journal-title":"Brazilian J Veterinary Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005967","volume":"129","author":"F Jongejan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jongejan F, Uilenberg G (2004) The global importance of ticks. Parasitology 129:S3\u2013S14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182004005967","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"1175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/75.5.583","volume":"75","author":"HG Koch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Koch HG (1982) Oviposition of the brown dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae) in the laboratory. Ann Entomol Soc Am 75:583\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aesa\/75.5.583","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"1175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.011","volume":"8","author":"MB Labruna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Labruna MB, Gerardi M, Krawczak FS, Moraes-Filho J (2017) Comparative biology of the tropical and temperate species of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) under different laboratory conditions. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 8:146\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"key":"1175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saaa013","volume":"113","author":"B Leal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leal B, Zamora E, Fuentes A, Thomas DB, Dearth RK (2020) Questing by tick larvae (Acari: Ixodidae): a review of the influences that affect off-host survival. Ann Entomol Soc Am 113:425\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aesa\/saaa013","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"1175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200000980X","volume":"7","author":"GHF Nuttall","year":"1915","unstructured":"Nuttall GHF (1915) Observations on the biology of Ixodidae. Parasitology 7:408\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003118200000980X","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"1175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.01.001","volume":"129","author":"PR Oliveira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oliveira PR, Bechara GH, Denardi SE, Saito KC, Nunes ET, Szab\u00f3 MPJ, Mathias MIC (2005) Comparison of the external morphology of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks from Brazil and Argentina. Vet Parasitol 129:139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.01.001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00009100","volume":"10","author":"RG Pegram","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pegram RG, Keirans JE, Clifford CM, Walker JB (1987) Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). II. R. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) and related species. Syst Parasitol 10:27\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00009100","journal-title":"Syst Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR19","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"1175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.02.001","volume":"51","author":"J \u0160lapeta","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0160lapeta J, Chandra S, Halliday B (2021) The tropical lineage of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato identified as Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826). Int J Parasitol 51:431\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.02.001","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102024","volume":"13","author":"J \u0160lapeta","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160lapeta J, Halliday B, Chandra S, Alanazi A, Abdel-Shafy S (2022) Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826) recognised as the tropical lineage of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato: neotype designation, redescription, and establishment of morphological and molecular reference. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 13:102024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102024","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"key":"1175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.008","volume":"130","author":"MPJ Szab\u00f3","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 MPJ, Mangold AJ, Jo\u00e3o CF, Bechara GH, Guglielmone AA (2005) Biological and DNA evidence of two dissimilar populations of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick group (Acari: Ixodidae) in South America. Vet Parasitol 130:131\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.008","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvac027","volume":"51","author":"Y Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian Y, Kaufman PE, Taylor CE, Beati L, Lord CC (2022) Variable effects of temperature and relative humidity on Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) development. Environ Entomol 51:848\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ee\/nvac027","journal-title":"Environ Entomol"},{"key":"1175_CR24","first-page":"9","volume":"40","author":"I Uspensky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uspensky I, Ioffe-Uspensky I (1999) The relationship between engorged female weight and egg number in ixodid ticks: a biological interpretation of linear regression parameters. Acarologia 40:9\u201317","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"key":"1175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","volume":"4","author":"H Wickham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan L, Fran\u00e7ois R, Grolemund G, Hayes A, Henry L, Hester J, Kuhn M, Pedersen TL, Miller E, Bache SM, M\u00fcller K, Ooms J, Robinson D, Seidel DP, Spinu V, Yutani H (2019) Welcome to the tidyverse. J Open Source Softw 4:1686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.01686","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Applied Acarology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1793005091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-026-01175-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8162","1572-9702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8162","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9702","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All applicable institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The study protocol was approved by the Committee on Ethics in the Use of Animals (CEUA) of EMBRAPA Gado de Corte under Protocol No. CEUA\/001\/2025.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"30"}}