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Here, we investigate the impact of chronic SS exposure on bone tissue and the underlying mechanisms. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that prolonged SS exposure induces significant bone loss, which correlates with alterations in ferroptosis-related markers. In vitro, SS exposure activates ferroptosis, which is characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels and impaired osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3 cells. Notably, melatonin, a potent endogenous antioxidant, mitigates SS-induced oxidative stress, inhibits ferroptosis, restores osteoblast function, and alleviates bone loss in mice. These findings highlight ferroptosis as a critical contributor to SS-induced osteoporosis and identify melatonin as a promising therapeutic agent for its prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-025-02135-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T17:09:46Z","timestamp":1752858586000},"page":"2301-2315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Melatonin alleviates sodium sulfite-induced osteoporosis in mice via suppression of the ferroptosis pathway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Qiuping","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haining","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.06.019","volume":"44","author":"C Winkler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Winkler C, Frick B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D (2006) Food preservatives sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppress mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 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All treatments were performed gently, all surgeries were performed under anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize animal suffering.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved it for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}