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This systematic review aims to synthesise current evidence on the role of vitamin D in pancreatic \u03b2-cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for original studies investigating vitamin D, vitamin D analogues, or VDR-related interventions in experimental models of \u03b2-cell apoptosis or programmed cell death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>26 studies were included. Across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, vitamin D signalling protected \u03b2-cells against apoptosis induced by cytokine-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, streptozotocin exposure, and diabetic stress. These effects were associated with reduced NF-\u03baB signalling, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, improved mitochondrial stability, modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and regulation of pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy-related survival mechanisms. VDR activation also supported \u03b2-cell identity, insulin secretion, and \u03b2-cell mass preservation. In contrast, calcitriol-associated growth inhibition and increased apoptosis were reported in \u03b2TC insulinoma models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D signalling generally appears cytoprotective in \u03b2-cells exposed to inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic stress. However, its effects on \u03b2-cell survival are model- and context-dependent, reflecting differences in cellular background, experimental stressors, and methods used to assess cell death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-026-02453-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:18:05Z","timestamp":1790831885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of vitamin D signalling in \u03b2 cell apoptosis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8610-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donglai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1302-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousun","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Gunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2453_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.213","volume":"3","author":"HF Deluca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deluca HF (2014) History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. 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