{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:43:50Z","timestamp":1792748630221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270211, 82470199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270211, 82470199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270197,82570253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270197,82570253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions."},{"name":"Suzhou City Basic Research Program - Key Clinical Technology Research","award":["SKY2023010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKY2023010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Apoptosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:25:23Z","timestamp":1792747523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting lactate-driven protein lactylation overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Guangcan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaowei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2732-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingzong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10272","key":"2457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00135-5","volume":"397","author":"N van de Donk","year":"2021","unstructured":"van de Donk N, Pawlyn C, Yong KL (2021) Multiple myeloma. Lancet (London, England) 397(10272):410\u2013427","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050522-033815","volume":"75","author":"AL Garfall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garfall AL (2024) New biological therapies for multiple myeloma. Annu Rev Med 75:13\u201329","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00852-4","volume":"13","author":"NH Abdallah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdallah NH, Smith AN, Geyer S, Binder M, Greipp PT, Kapoor P et al (2023) Conditional survival in multiple myeloma and impact of prognostic factors over time. Blood Cancer J 13(1):78","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0561-2","volume":"33","author":"AH Bazarbachi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bazarbachi AH, Al Hamed R, Malard F, Harousseau JL, Mohty M (2019) Relapsed refractory multiple myeloma: a comprehensive overview. Leukemia 33(10):2343\u20132357","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2457_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2018.03.001","volume":"38","author":"P Icard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H (2018) How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 38:1\u201311","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01205-6","volume":"31","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xia M, Li J, Liu G, Sun Y, Chen X et al (2025) Warburg effect and lactylation in cancer: mechanisms for chemoresistance. Mol Med (Cambridge, Mass) 31(1):146","journal-title":"Mol Med (Cambridge, Mass)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02082-x","volume":"10","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen J, Huang Z, Chen Y, Tian H, Chai P, Shen Y et al (2025) Lactate and lactylation in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):38","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"7779","key":"2457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1","volume":"574","author":"D Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang D, Tang Z, Huang H, Zhou G, Cui C, Weng Y et al (2019) Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation. Nature 574(7779):575\u2013580","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.91492","volume":"20","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu X, Yang J, Xu J, Pan H, Wang W, Yu X et al (2024) Histone lactylation: from tumor lactate metabolism to epigenetic regulation. Int J Biol Sci 20(5):1833\u20131854","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-025-00876-7","volume":"27","author":"X Sheng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sheng X, Lin H, Cole PA, Zhao Y (2026) Biochemistry and regulation of histone lysine L-lactylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 27(2):95\u2013109","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2022.42","volume":"25","author":"X Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv X, Lv Y, Dai X (2023) Lactate, histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks. Expert Rev Mol Med 25:e7","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2457_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-023-2747-0","volume":"43","author":"NY Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma NY, Li Q, Li XL, Zeng YJ, Huang DZ, Duan YS et al (2023) Lactate decreases bortezomib sensitivity and predicts poor clinical outcomes of multiple myeloma. Curr Med Sci 43(4):679\u2013688","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2457_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5c00270","volume":"20","author":"X Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo X, Ren X, Yan C, Huang H (2025) Quantitative proteomics reveals the role of lysine lactylation in lenalidomide-resistance in multiple myeloma cells. ACS Chem Biol 20(7):1728\u20131738","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04121-9","volume":"12","author":"M Bordi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bordi M, De Cegli R, Testa B, Nixon RA, Ballabio A, Cecconi F (2021) A gene toolbox for monitoring autophagy transcription. Cell Death Dis 12(11):1044","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"8075","key":"2457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09018-7","volume":"644","author":"S Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma S, Rodems BJ, Baker CD, Kaszuba CM, Franco EI, Smith BR et al (2025) Taurine from tumour niche drives glycolysis to promote leukaemogenesis. Nature 644(8075):263\u2013272","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"2457_CR16","first-page":"2754","volume":"26","author":"Y Takashima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takashima Y, Hayano A, Yamanaka R (2020) Metabolome analysis reveals excessive glycolysis via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and RAS\/MAPK signaling in methotrexate-resistant primary CNS lymphoma-derived cells. Clin Cancer Res 26(11):2754\u20132766","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"2457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-3481","volume":"83","author":"PSY Chong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Lim JSL, Leow ACY, Toh SHM, Azaman I et al (2023) Histone methyltransferase NSD2 activates PKC\u03b1 to drive metabolic reprogramming and lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 83(20):3414\u20133427","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2457_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davis LN, Sherbenou DW (2021) Emerging therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancers. IF: 4.8 Q2 B3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13071686","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071686"},{"key":"2457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104077","volume":"91","author":"S Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li S, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Li X, Wang Z, Xu L et al (2026) P300-mediated histone H3K18 lactylation promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation via mitophagy inhibition to potentiate dopamine agonists efficacy in prolactinomas. Redox Biol 91:104077","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"50","key":"2457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2421496121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2421496121","volume":"121","author":"G Zhai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhai G, Niu Z, Jiang Z, Zhao F, Wang S, Chen C et al (2024) DPF2 reads histone lactylation to drive transcription and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121(50):e2421496121","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023603","volume":"60","author":"LD Fricker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fricker LD (2020) Proteasome inhibitor drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 60:457\u2013476","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2457_CR22","first-page":"361","volume":"131","author":"T Kubicki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubicki T, Gil L, Dytfeld D (2021) Endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma: room for improvement. Pol Arch Intern Med 131(4):361\u2013368","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2457_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008241","volume":"7","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Cao W, Huang X, Chen Q, Ye S, Qu J et al (2023) TRIM21 enhances bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma by halting prosurvival autophagy. Blood Adv 7(19):5752\u20135770","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04629-8","volume":"13","author":"X Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang X, Cao W, Yao S, Chen J, Liu Y, Qu J et al (2022) NEDD4L binds the proteasome and promotes autophagy and bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 13(3):197","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01628-4","volume":"22","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T, Xiao P, Qiu D, Yang A, Chen Q, Lin J et al (2024) NCX1\/Ca(2+) promotes autophagy and decreases bortezomib activity in multiple myeloma through non-canonical NF\u03baB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 22(1):258","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"2457_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad GH, Vassileva V, Acedo P, Olde Damink SWM, Malago M, Dhar DK et al (2019) Targeting pyruvate kinase M2 and lactate dehydrogenase A is an effective combination strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancers. IF: 4.8 Q2 B3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11091372","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11091372"},{"key":"2457_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.06.008","volume":"81","author":"M Zhu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhu M, Wang Z, He Y, Zhang B, Wu L, Liu C et al (2026) Acidic tumor microenvironment-modulated nanoparticle potentiates gastric cancer photoimmunotherapy. J Adv Res 81:731\u2013744","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"2457_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2309290","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309290","volume":"11","author":"Q Yue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yue Q, Wang Z, Shen Y, Lan Y, Zhong X, Luo X et al (2024) Histone H3K9 lactylation confers temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via LUC7L2-mediated MLH1 intron retention. Adv Sci 11(19):e2309290","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"2457_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.06.019","volume":"85","author":"M Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin M, Huang B, Yang X, Wang S, Wu J, He Y et al (2025) Lactylation of XLF promotes non-homologous end-joining repair and chemoresistance in cancer. Mol Cell 85(14):2654-2672.e2657","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2457_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.010","volume":"81","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Niu K, Wang J, Shen W, Jiang R, Liu L et al (2024) Nucleolin lactylation contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma pathogenesis via RNA splicing regulation of MADD. J Hepatol 81(4):651\u2013666","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2457_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.022","volume":"187","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Wu J, Zhai L, Zhang T, Yin H, Gao H et al (2024) Metabolic regulation of homologous recombination repair by MRE11 lactylation. Cell 187(2):294-311.e221","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02302-y","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang C, Mei Y, Zhong W, Fan W, Liu L et al (2025) Irinotecan alleviates chemoresistance to anthracyclines through the inhibition of AARS1-mediated BLM lactylation and homologous recombination repair. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):214","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Apoptosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:25:24Z","timestamp":1792747524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-026-02457-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-8185","1573-675X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-8185","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-675X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were NOT used in the preparation of this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Soochow University (Approval No. 202512A0312) and were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"253"}}