{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:54:37Z","timestamp":1791644077517,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["274521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["284385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["284385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008019","name":"\u00c5bo Akademi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature ejaculation (PE) is associated with decreased quality of life, lower confidence and self-esteem, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of vibrator-assisted start\u2013stop exercises for treatment of PE, and whether the treatment effect could be enhanced by an additional psychobehavioral intervention. Fifty participants with a mean age of 41.7\u00a0years were included and randomized into two treatment groups and a waiting list control group. Participants were instructed to perform start\u2013stop exercises while stimulating the penis with a purpose-made vibrator, 3 times a week for 6\u00a0weeks. Additionally, participants in one of the treatment groups received additional psychoeducation and performed mindfulness meditation-based body scan exercises three times a week. Data were gathered through online questionnaires before and after treatment, as well as 3 and 6\u00a0months after treatment. The interventions reduced PE symptoms with large effect sizes (partial <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009.20 across the three groups, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.05 [.27, 1.82] and 1.07 [.32, 1.82] for treatment groups compared to waiting list control group). The additional psychobehavioral intervention did not further reduce PE symptoms, but did decrease PE-associated negative symptoms such as levels of sexual distress, anxiety, and depression. No side effects were reported. Vibrator-assisted start\u2013stop exercises can be offered as an adequate treatment option for PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T22:01:31Z","timestamp":1574114491000},"page":"1559-1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Vibrator-Assisted Start\u2013Stop Exercises Improve Premature Ejaculation Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2347-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ventus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Gunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Arver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Dhejne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina G.","family":"\u00d6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Zamore-S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"K\u00e4rn\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Jern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.05.15","volume":"5","author":"SE Althof","year":"2016","unstructured":"Althof, S. E. (2016). Psychosexual therapy for premature ejaculation. Translational Andrology and Urology,5(4), 475\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2016.05.15.","journal-title":"Translational Andrology and Urology"},{"key":"1520_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12504","volume":"11","author":"SE Althof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Althof, S. E., Mcmahon, C. G., Waldinger, M. D., Serefoglu, E. C., Shindel, A. W., Adaikan, P. G., \u2026 Torres, L. O. (2014). An update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine\u2019s Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation (PE). Sexual Medicine,11, 1392\u20131422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12504.","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"1520_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00504","volume":"5","author":"B Bornemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bornemann, B., Herbert, B. M., Mehling, W. E., & Singer, T. (2015). Differential changes in self-reported aspects of interoceptive awareness through 3\u00a0months of contemplative training. Frontiers in Psychology,5, 1504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00504.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1520_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.08.013","volume":"15","author":"JA Bossio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bossio, J. A., Basson, R., Driscoll, M., Correia, S., & Brotto, L. A. (2018). Mindfulness-based group therapy for men with situational erectile dysfunction: A mixed-methods feasibility analysis and pilot study. Journal of Sexual Medicine,15(10), 1478\u20131490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.08.013.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1520_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.001","volume":"57","author":"LA Brotto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brotto, L. A., & Basson, R. (2014). Group mindfulness-based therapy significantly improves sexual desire in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy,57(1), 43\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.001.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"1520_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00850.x","volume":"5","author":"LA Brotto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brotto, L. A., Basson, R., & Luria, M. (2008). A mindfulness-based group psychoeducational intervention targeting sexual arousal disorder in women. Journal of Sexual Medicine,5(7), 1646\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00850.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"1520_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12941","volume":"12","author":"LA Brotto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brotto, L. A., & Goldmeier, D. (2015). Mindfulness interventions for treating sexual dysfunctions: The gentle science of finding focus in a multitask world. Journal of Sexual Medicine,12(8), 1687\u20131689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12941.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","volume":"14","author":"KS Button","year":"2013","unstructured":"Button, K. S., Ionnidis, J. P., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S., & Munaf\u00f2, M. R. (2013). Power failure: Why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience,14, 365\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3475.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"1520_CR10","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"21","key":"1520_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19210","volume":"19","author":"K Cooper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cooper, K., Martyn-St James, M., Kaltenthaler, E., Dickinson, K., & Cantrell, A. (2015). Interventions to treat premature ejaculation: A systematic review short report. Health Technology Assessment,19(21), 1\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta19210.","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"key":"1520_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230500442292","volume":"32","author":"F de Carufel","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Carufel, F., & Trudel, G. (2006). Effects of a new functional-sexological treatment for premature ejaculation. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,32, 97\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926230500442292.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"key":"1520_CR13","volume-title":"Brief symptoms inventory (BSI)-18. Administration, scoring and procedures manual","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R. (2001). Brief symptoms inventory (BSI)-18. Administration, scoring and procedures manual. San Antonio, TX: Pearson."},{"key":"1520_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017","volume":"13","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine,13, 595\u2013605.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230290001448","volume":"28","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R., Rosen, R., Leiblum, S., Burnett, A., & Heiman, J. (2002). The Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS): Initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,28, 317\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926230290001448.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"key":"1520_CR16","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Andrologi","author":"C Dhejne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dhejne, C., Jern, P., & Arver, S. (2017). Orgasm-och utl\u00f6sningsst\u00f6rningar. In S. Arver, J.-E. Damber, & A. Giwercman (Eds.), Andrologi (pp. 167\u2013178). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur."},{"key":"1520_CR17","first-page":"159","volume":"20","author":"DM Dimitrov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dimitrov, D. M., & Rumrill, P. D. (2003). Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of change. Work,20, 159\u2013165.","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"1520_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.3.144","volume":"53","author":"K Dunn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dunn, K., Croft, P. R., & Hackett, G. I. (1999). Association of sexual problems with social, psychological, and physical problems in men and women: A cross sectional population survey. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,53, 144\u2013148.","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1520_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318218e1fb","volume":"73","author":"KE Freedland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freedland, K. E., Mohr, D. C., Davidson, K. W., & Schwartz, J. E. (2011). Usual and unusual care: Existing practice control groups in randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions. Psychosomatic Medicine,73(4), 323\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318218e1fb.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR20","volume-title":"SCL-90. Svensk normering, standardisering och validering av symtomskalan. SiS f\u00f6ljer upp och utvecklar 4\/02","author":"M Fridell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fridell, M., Cesarec, Z., Johansson, M., & Thorsen, S. M. (2002). SCL-90. Svensk normering, standardisering och validering av symtomskalan. SiS f\u00f6ljer upp och utvecklar 4\/02. Stockholm: Statens institutionsstyrelse."},{"issue":"5","key":"1520_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.10.015","volume":"53","author":"F Giuliano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giuliano, F., Patrick, D. L., Porst, H., La Pera, G., Kokoszka, A., Merchant, S., \u2026 Polverejan, E. (2008). Premature ejaculation: Results from a five-country European observational study. European Urology,53(5), 1048\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.10.015.","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1520_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2174\/157340010790596508","volume":"6","author":"D Goldmeier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldmeier, D., & Mears, A. (2010). Meditation: A review of its use in Western medicine and in particular, its role in the management of sexual dysfunction. Current Psychiatry Reviews,6(1), 11\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157340010790596508.","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"1520_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541858","volume":"24","author":"G Grenier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grenier, G., & Byers, E. S. (1995). Rapid ejaculation: A review of conceptual, etiological, and treatment issues. Archives of Sexual Behavior,24(4), 447\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01541858.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"1520_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1539463","volume":"56","author":"A Gunst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gunst, A., Ventus, D., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., G\u00f6rts-\u00d6berg, K., Zamore-S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, E., & Jern, P. (2019). A randomized, waiting-list-controlled study shows that brief, mindfulness-based psychological interventions are effective for treatment of women\u2019s low sexual desire. Journal of Sex Research, 56, 913\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2018.1539463.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1520_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09155-8","volume":"7","author":"L Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, L., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Yuan, M., Yu, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, S. (2017). Significance of penile hypersensitivity in premature ejaculation. Scientific Reports,7(1), 3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09155-8.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"1520_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-004-0490-0","volume":"23","author":"U Hartmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hartmann, U., Schedlowski, M., & Kr\u00fcger, T. H. C. (2005). Cognitive and partner-related factors in rapid ejaculation: Differences between dysfunctional and functional men. World Journal of Urology,23, 93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-004-0490-0.","journal-title":"World Journal of Urology"},{"key":"1520_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01318.x","volume":"6","author":"D Herbenick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Sanders, S., Dodge, B., Ghassemi, A., & Fortenberry, D. J. (2009). Prevalence and characteristics of vibrator use by women in the United States: Results from a nationally representative study. Journal of Sexual Medicine,6, 1857\u20131866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01318.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1520_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.08.035","volume":"104","author":"EA Jannini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jannini, E. A., Ciocca, G., Limoncin, E., Mollaioli, D., Di Sante, S., Gianfrilli, D., \u2026 Lenzi, A. (2015). Premature ejaculation: Old story, new insights. Fertility and Sterility,104(5), 1061\u20131073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.08.035.","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"1520_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2013.857376","volume":"40","author":"P Jern","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jern, P. (2014). Evaluation of a behavioral treatment intervention for premature ejaculation using a handheld stimulating device. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,40, 358\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2013.857376.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1520_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2014.37","volume":"27","author":"P Jern","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jern, P., Johansson, A., Piha, J., Westberg, L., & Santtila, P. (2014). Antidepressant treatment of premature ejaculation: Discontinuation rates and prevalence of side effects for dapoxetine and paroxetine in a naturalistic setting. International Journal of Impotence Research,27(2), 75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijir.2014.37.","journal-title":"International Journal of Impotence Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"1520_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077676","volume":"8","author":"P Jern","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jern, P., Piha, J., & Santtila, P. (2013). Validation of three early ejaculation diagnostic tools: A composite measure is accurate and more adequate for diagnosis by updated diagnostic criteria. PLoS ONE,8(10), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0077676.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1520_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00863.x","volume":"5","author":"P Jern","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jern, P., Santtila, P., Johansson, A., Varjonen, M., Witting, K., \u00c5lgars, M., \u2026 Sandnabba, K. (2008). Indicators of premature ejaculation and their associations with sexual distress in a population-based sample of young twins and their siblings. Journal of Sexual Medicine,5, 2191\u20132201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00863.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR33","volume-title":"New sex therapy: Active treatment of sexual dysfunctions","author":"HS Kaplan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kaplan, H. S. (1975). New sex therapy: Active treatment of sexual dysfunctions. London: Routledge."},{"key":"1520_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050280","volume":"71","author":"J Malchaire","year":"1998","unstructured":"Malchaire, J., Rodriguez Diaz, L. S., Piette, A., Gon\u00e7alves Amaral, F., & de Schaetzen, D. (1998). Neurological and functional effects of short-term exposure to hand-arm vibration. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,71, 270\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004200050280.","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"1520_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09484-7","volume-title":"Teaching mindfulness: A practical guide for clinicians and educators","author":"D McCown","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCown, D., Reibel, D., & Micozzi, M. (2010). Teaching mindfulness: A practical guide for clinicians and educators. New York, NY: Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/smrj.49","volume":"3","author":"CG McMahon","year":"2015","unstructured":"McMahon, C. G. (2015). Current and emerging treatments for premature ejaculation. Sexual Medicine Reviews,3(3), 183\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smrj.49.","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"1708","key":"1520_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160013","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0013","volume":"371","author":"WE Mehling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mehling, W. E. (2016). Differentiating attention styles and regulatory aspects of self-reported interoceptive sensibility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,371(1708), 20160013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2016.0013.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"1520_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048230","author":"WE Mehling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehling, W. E., Price, C., Daubenmier, J. J., Acree, M., Bartmess, E., & Stewart, A. (2012). The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048230.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1520_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008195.pub2","author":"T Melnik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melnik, T., Althof, S., Atallah, \u00c1. N., Puga, M. E. D. S., Glina, S., & Riera, R. (2011). Psychosocial interventions for premature ejaculation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008195.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.05.018","volume":"82","author":"N Mondaini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mondaini, N., Fusco, F., Cai, T., Benemei, S., Mirone, V., & Bartoletti, R. (2013). Dapoxetine treatment in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: The reasons of a \u201cWaterloo\u201d. Urology,82(3), 620\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2013.05.018.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1520_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2017.02.003","volume":"5","author":"HJ Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park, H. J., Park, N. C., Kim, T. N., Baek, S. R., Lee, K. M., & Choe, S. (2017). Discontinuation of dapoxetine treatment in patients with premature ejaculation: A 2-year prospective observational study. Sexual Medicine,5(2), e99\u2013e105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esxm.2017.02.003.","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20353.x","volume":"2","author":"DL Patrick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patrick, D. L., Althof, S. E., Pryor, J. L., Rosen, R., Rowland, D., Ho, K. F., \u2026 Jamieson, C. (2005). Premature ejaculation: An observational study of men and their partners. Journal of Sexual Medicine,2(3), 358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20353.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02284-7","volume":"61","author":"A Perretti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perretti, A., Catalano, A., Mirone, V., Imbimbo, C., Balbi, P., Palmieri, A., \u2026 Santoro, L. (2003). Neurophysiologic evaluation of central-peripheral sensory and motor pudendal pathways in primary premature ejaculation. Urology,61(3), 623\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02284-7.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"1520_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.004","volume":"51","author":"H Porst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porst, H., Montorsi, F., Rosen, R. C., Gaynor, L., Grupe, S., & Alexander, J. (2007). The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) Survey: Prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. European Urology,51, 816\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.004.","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1520_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2005.00730.x","volume":"59","author":"A Riley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riley, A., & Riley, E. (2005). Premature ejaculation: Presentation and associations. An audit of patients attending a sexual problems clinic. International Journal of Clinical Practice,59(12), 1482\u20131487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2005.00730.x.","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"1520_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjr.2015.12.015","volume":"5","author":"JE Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, J. E., & L\u00f3pez, A. (2016). Male masturbation device for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction,5(1), 80\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjr.2015.12.015.","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction"},{"key":"1520_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00825.x","volume":"5","author":"RC Rosen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosen, R. C., & Althof, S. (2008). Impact of premature ejaculation: The psychological, quality of life, and sexual relationship consequence. Journal of Sexual Medicine,5, 1296\u20131307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00825.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1520_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472","volume":"11","author":"RC Rosen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosen, R. C., Cappelleri, J. C., Smith, M. D., Lipsky, J., & Pe\u00f1a, B. M. (1999). Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research,11(6), 319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472.","journal-title":"International Journal of Impotence Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1520_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2013.764981","volume":"28","author":"TY Rosenbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, T. Y. (2013). An integrated mindfulness-based approach to the treatment of women with sexual pain and anxiety: Promoting autonomy and mind\/body connection. Sexual and Relationship Therapy,28(1\u20132), 20\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14681994.2013.764981.","journal-title":"Sexual and Relationship Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239308404903","volume":"19","author":"D Rowland","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rowland, D., Haensel, S. M., Blom, J. H., & Slob, A. K. (1993). Penile sensitivity in men with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,19(3), 189\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926239308404903.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.025","volume":"177","author":"D Rowland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rowland, D., Patrick, D. L., Rothman, M., & Gagnon, D. D. (2007). The psychological burden of premature ejaculation. Journal of Urology,177(3), 1065\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.025.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1520_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2004.04033.x","volume":"1","author":"D Rowland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rowland, D., Perelman, M., Althof, S., Barada, J., McCullough, A., Bull, S., \u2026 Ho, K. F. (2004). Self-reported premature ejaculation and aspects of sexual functioning and satisfaction. Journal of Sexual Medicine,1(2), 225\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2004.04033.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1520_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01276.x","volume":"6","author":"A Salonia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salonia, A., Sacc\u00e0, A., Briganti, A., Del Carro, U., Deh\u00f2, F., Zanni, G., \u2026 Montorsi, F. (2009). Quantitative sensory testing of peripheral thresholds in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: A case-controlled study. Journal of Sexual Medicine,6(6), 1755\u20131762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01276.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1520_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12524","volume":"11","author":"EC Serefoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Serefoglu, E. C., Mcmahon, C. G., Waldinger, M. D., Althof, S. E., Shindel, A., Adaikan, G., \u2026 Torres, L. O. (2014). An evidence-based unified definition of lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation: Report of the Second International Society for Sexual Medicine ad hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation. Sexual Medicine,11(6), 1423\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12524.","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"1520_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318234e628","volume":"73","author":"RG Silverstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silverstein, R. G., Brown, A.-C. H., Roth, H. D., & Britton, W. B. (2011). Effects of mindfulness training on body awareness to sexual stimuli: Implications for female sexual dysfunction. Psychosomatic Medicine,73(9), 817\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318234e628.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"1520_CR56","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"C Spielberger","year":"1970","unstructured":"Spielberger, C., Gorusch, R., & Lushene, R. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"1520_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230390224738","volume":"29","author":"T Symonds","year":"2003","unstructured":"Symonds, T., Roblin, D., Hart, K., & Althof, S. (2003). How does premature ejaculation impact a man\u2019s life? Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,29(5), 361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926230390224738.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1520_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1255301","volume":"54","author":"D Ventus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ventus, D., Gunst, A., K\u00e4rn\u00e4, A., & Jern, P. (2017). No evidence for long-term causal associations between symptoms of premature ejaculation and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sexual distress in a large, population-based longitudinal sample. Journal of Sex Research,54(2), 264\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2016.1255301.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1520_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09456.x","volume":"107","author":"MG Wyllie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wyllie, M. G., & Hellstrom, W. J. G. (2011). The link between penile hypersensitivity and premature ejaculation. BJU International,107(3), 452\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09456.x.","journal-title":"BJU International"},{"key":"1520_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65677-5","volume":"156","author":"ZC Xin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Xin, Z. C., Chung, W. S., Choi, Y. D., Seong, D. H., Choi, Y. J., & Choi, H. K. (1996). Penile sensitivity in patients with primary premature ejaculation. Journal of Urology,156, 979\u2013981.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"1520_CR61","first-page":"187","volume":"158","author":"ZC Xin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xin, Z. C., Chung, W. S., Choi, Y. D., Seong, D. H., Choi, Y. J., & Choi, H. K. (1997). Penile sensitivity in patients with primary premature ejaculation. Journal of Urology,158, 187\u2013188.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"1520_CR62","unstructured":"Zamar, A. (2012). Premature ejaculation: A new treatment using a stimulating device in conjunction with the start\u2013stop technique. In Proceedings of the World Meeting on Sexual Medicine, Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(Suppl. 4), 217."}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:25:19Z","timestamp":1605572719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01520-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}