{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:49:55Z","timestamp":1770335395206,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Council for Addiction Behavior Studies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T21:29:01Z","timestamp":1638394141000},"page":"1221-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Problematic Pornography Use Scale in a Japanese Sample"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushun","family":"Okabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9977-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2141_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.001","volume":"70","author":"A Allen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allen, A., Kannis-Dymand, L., & Katsikitis, M. (2017). Problematic internet pornography use: The role of craving, desire thinking, and metacognition. Addictive Behaviors, 70, 65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.001","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","volume":"88","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/009262302760328235","volume":"28","author":"RM Bergner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bergner, R. M., & Bridges, A. J. (2002). The significance of heavy pornography involvement for romantic partners: Research and clinical implications. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 28(3), 193\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/009262302760328235","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.021","volume":"29","author":"J Billieux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Billieux, J., Van Der Linden, M., Achab, S., Khazaal, Y., Paraskevopoulos, L., Zullino, D., & Thorens, G. (2013). Why do you play World of Warcraft? An in-depth exploration of self-reported motivations to play online and in-game behaviours in the virtual world of Azeroth. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2019.1694142","volume":"35","author":"J Binnie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Binnie, J., & Reavey, P. (2020). Problematic pornography use: Narrative review and a preliminary model. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 35(2), 137\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14681994.2019.1694142","journal-title":"Sexual and Relationship Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2018.1532360","volume":"25","author":"NC Borgogna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borgogna, N. C., Lathan, E. C., & Mitchell, A. (2018). Is women\u2019s problematic pornography viewing related to body image or relationship satisfaction? Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 25(4), 345\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10720162.2018.1532360","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4065\/83.2.226","volume":"83","author":"JM Bostwick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bostwick, J. M., & Bucci, J. A. (2008). Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 83(2), 226\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/83.2.226","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"issue":"12","key":"2141_CR8","first-page":"48","volume":"36","author":"M Brand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brand, M., Blycker, G. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2019a). When pornography becomes a problem: Clinical insights. Psychiatric Times, 36(12), 48\u201351.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Times"},{"key":"2141_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","volume":"104","author":"M Brand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., M\u00fcller, A., W\u00f6lfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019b). The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2141_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","volume":"71","author":"M Brand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., W\u00f6lfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000603","volume":"35","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly, I., Bella, N., Potenza, M. N., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2021a). Why do people watch pornography? The motivational basis of pornography use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35(2), 172\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000603","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2020.1716205","volume":"58","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly, I., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2021b). The short version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6): A reliable and valid measure in general and treatment-seeking populations. Journal of Sex Research, 58(3), 342\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2020.1716205","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.007","volume":"17","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly, I., Potenza, M. N., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020). High-frequency pornography use may not always be problematic. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(4), 793\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.007","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1291798","volume":"55","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly, I., Zsila, \u00c1., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). The development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 395\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2017.1291798","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","volume":"14","author":"FF Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705510701301834","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020488","volume":"17","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L., & Jiang, X. (2020). The assessment of problematic internet pornography use: A comparison of three scales with mixed methods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17020488","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2141_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.11847\/zgggws1115589","volume":"34","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, L., Wang, X., Chen, S. M., Jiang, C. H., & Wang, J. X. (2018a). Reliability and validity of the Problematic Internet Pornography Use Scale in Chinese college students. Journal of Chinese Public Health, 34(7), 1034\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11847\/zgggws1115589","journal-title":"The Journal of Chinese Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.77","volume":"7","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, L., Yang, Y., Su, W., Zheng, L., Ding, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2018b). The relationship between sexual sensation seeking and problematic Internet pornography use: A moderated mediation model examining roles of online sexual activities and the third-person effect. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 565\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.77","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","volume":"9","author":"GW Cheung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.02.001","volume":"47","author":"JM Crosby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crosby, J. M., & Twohig, M. P. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy for problematic internet pornography use: A randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 47(3), 355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2016.02.001","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010091","volume":"8","author":"R de Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Alarc\u00f3n, R., de la Iglesia, J. I., Casado, N. M., & Montejo, A. L. (2019). Online porn addiction: What we know and what we don\u2019t-a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(1), 91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8010091","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.04.003","volume":"25","author":"NM D\u00f6ring","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u00f6ring, N. M. (2009). The internet\u2019s impact on sexuality: A critical review of 15 years of research. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(5), 1089\u20131101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2009.04.003","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294118797580","volume":"122","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Efrati, Y., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2019). The use of online pornography as compensation for loneliness and lack of social ties among Israeli adolescents. Psychological Reports, 122(5), 1865\u20131882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033294118797580","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2017.1405297","volume":"44","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Efrati, Y., & Mikulincer, M. (2018). Individual-based compulsive sexual behavior scale: Its development and importance in examining compulsive sexual behavior. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(3), 249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2017.1405297","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"key":"2141_CR25","unstructured":"FANZA. (2018). FANZA Report 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https:\/\/special.dmm.co.jp\/fanza\/feed\/news\/fanza-report-2018"},{"key":"2141_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278719861688","author":"DP Fernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez, D. P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Psychometric instruments for problematic pornography use: A systematic review. Evaluation & the Health Professions. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0163278719861688","journal-title":"Evaluation & the Health Professions"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2141_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2019.1576560","volume":"26","author":"J Fraumeni-McBride","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fraumeni-McBride, J. (2019). Addiction and mindfulness; pornography addiction and mindfulness-based therapy ACT. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 26(1\u20132), 42\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10720162.2019.1576560","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.257","volume":"17","author":"TA Furukawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Furukawa, T. A., Kawakami, N., Saitoh, M., Ono, Y., Nakane, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tachimori, H., Iwata, N., Uda, H., Nakane, H., Watanabe, M., Naganuma, Y., Hata, Y., Kobayashi, M., Miyake, Y., Takeshima, T., & Kikkawa, T. (2008). The performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the World Mental Health Survey Japan. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 17(3), 152\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.257","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.046","volume":"5","author":"M Gola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gola, M., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Paroxetine treatment of problematic pornography use: A case series. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(3), 529\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.046","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.02.169","volume":"13","author":"M Gola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gola, M., Lewczuk, K., & Skorko, M. (2016). What matters: Quantity or quality of pornography use? Psychological and behavioral factors of seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(5), 815\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.02.169","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2141_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00090","author":"M Gola","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gola, M., Lewczuk, K., Potenza, M. N., Kingston, D. A., Grubbs, J. B., Stark, R., & Reid, R. C. (2020). What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder? Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00090","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2011.588351","volume":"20","author":"MD Griffiths","year":"2012","unstructured":"Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet sex addiction: A review of empirical research. Addiction Research & Theory, 20(2), 111\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/16066359.2011.588351","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0257-z","volume":"44","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Hook, J. N., & Carlisle, R. D. (2015a). Transgression as addiction: Religiosity and moral disapproval as predictors of perceived addiction to pornography. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 125\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-013-0257-z","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2141_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101925","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Hoagland, K. C., Lee, B. N., Grant, J. T., Davison, P., Reid, R. C., & Kraus, S. W. (2020). Sexual addiction 25 years on: A systematic and methodological review of empirical literature and an agenda for future research. Clinical Psychology Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101925","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.134","volume":"8","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Kraus, S. W., & Perry, S. L. (2019a). Self-reported addiction to pornography in a nationally representative sample: The roles of use habits, religiousness, and moral incongruence. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(1), 88\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.134","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1248-x","volume":"48","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019b). Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: An integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(2), 397\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-018-1248-x","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2013.842192","volume":"41","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Volk, F., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2015b). Internet pornography use: Perceived addiction, psychological distress, and the validation of a brief measure. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 41(1), 83\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2013.842192","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9212-1","volume":"37","author":"GM Hald","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hald, G. M., & Malamuth, N. M. (2008). Self-perceived effects of pornography consumption. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37(4), 614\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-007-9212-1","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.022","volume":"5","author":"C Harper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harper, C., & Hodgins, D. C. (2016). Examining correlates of problematic internet pornography use among university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 179\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.022","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"2141_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s41978-019-00034-2","volume":"2","author":"M Hirayama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hirayama, M. (2019). Developments in information technology and the sexual depression of Japanese youth since 2000. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2, 95\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41978-019-00034-2","journal-title":"International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/00926231003719673","volume":"36","author":"JN Hook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hook, J. N., Hook, J. P., Davis, D. E., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Penberthy, J. K. (2010). Measuring sexual addiction and compulsivity: A critical review of instruments. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 36(3), 227\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00926231003719673","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","volume":"3","author":"L Hu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"2141_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Model, 6, 1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118","journal-title":"Structural Equation Model"},{"issue":"6","key":"2141_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","volume":"26","author":"ME Hughes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027504268574","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-019-0285-0","volume":"7","author":"T Igarashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Igarashi, T. (2019). Development of the Japanese version of the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. BMC Psychology, 7(1), 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-019-0285-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.24468\/jjbt.41.2_117","volume":"41","author":"N Inada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Inada, N. (2015). Improving the methodological quality of the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcome measures. Japanese Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, 41(2), 117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24468\/jjbt.41.2_117","journal-title":"Japanese Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR47","first-page":"150","volume":"19","author":"Y Inoue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inoue, Y., Itagaki, T., Nakakura, T., Sato, M., Yajima, T., & Takaku, Y. (2017). Development of a Japanese version of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale and its reliability, validity, and cutoff values. Journal of AIDS Research, 19(3), 150\u2013157.","journal-title":"The Journal of AIDS Research"},{"key":"2141_CR48","unstructured":"Japan Family Planning Association. (2020). Jex Japan Sex Survey 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from https:\/\/www.jfpa.or.jp\/sexsurvey2020\/"},{"key":"2141_CR49","unstructured":"Japanese Psychological Association. (2009). The code of ethics and conduct of the Japanese Psychological Association. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https:\/\/psych.or.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/rinri_kitei.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9574-7","volume":"39","author":"MP Kafka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-009-9574-7","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2141_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2020.101656","author":"S Kahveci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kahveci, S., van Bockstaele, B., Blechert, J., & Wiers, R. W. (2020). Pulling for pleasure? Erotic approach-bias associated with porn use, not problems. Learning and Motivation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lmot.2020.101656","journal-title":"Learning and Motivation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6503_16","volume":"65","author":"SC Kalichman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kalichman, S. C., & Rompa, D. (1995). Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity scales: Reliability, validity, and predicting HIV risk behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 586\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa6503_16","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"2141_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291702006074","volume":"32","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291702006074","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"2141_CR54","volume-title":"Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2132\/personality.27.2.10","volume":"27","author":"Y Koga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koga, Y., & Kawashima, D. (2018). Development and validation of Japanese version of the Game Addiction Scale for adolescents. Japanese Journal of Personality, 27(2), 175\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2132\/personality.27.2.10","journal-title":"The Japanese Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.01.027","volume":"39","author":"A Kor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kor, A., Zilcha-Mano, S., Fogel, Y. A., Mikulincer, M., Reid, R. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Psychometric development of the Problematic Pornography Use Scale. Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 861\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.01.027","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"2141_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S221540","volume":"16","author":"E Kowalewska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kowalewska, E., Gola, M., Kraus, S. W., & Lew-Starowicz, M. (2020). Spotlight on compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A systematic review of research on women. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16, 2025\u20132043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S221540","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1301-9","volume":"48","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., & Sweeney, P. J. (2019). Hitting the target: Considerations for differential diagnosis when treating individuals for problematic use of pornography [Commentary]. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(2), 431\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-018-1301-9","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00038","volume":"9","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Gola, M., Grubbs, J. B., Kowalewska, E., Hoff, R. A., Lew-Starowicz, M., Martino, S., Shirk, S. D., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Validation of a brief pornography screen across multiple samples. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 259\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00038","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20499","volume":"17","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20499","journal-title":"World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.036","volume":"5","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Martino, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Clinical characteristics of men interested in seeking treatment for use of pornography. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.036","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"12","key":"2141_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060843","volume":"172","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Meshberg-Cohen, S., Martino, S., Quinones, L. J., & Potenza, M. N. (2015). Treatment of compulsive pornography use with naltrexone: A case report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(12), 1260\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060843","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2141_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260802669458","volume":"12","author":"JS Lemmens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychology, 12, 77\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15213260802669458","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40732-018-0302-3","volume":"69","author":"ME Levin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levin, M. E., Lee, E. B., & Twohig, M. P. (2019). The role of experiential avoidance in problematic pornography viewing. Psychological Record, 69(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40732-018-0302-3","journal-title":"Psychological Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR65","first-page":"168","volume":"19","author":"ME Levin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levin, M. E., Lillis, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2012). When is online pornography viewing problematic among college males? Examining the moderating role of experiential avoidance. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19(3), 168\u2013180.","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","volume":"11","author":"HW Marsh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01554-4","volume":"49","author":"A McKee","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKee, A., Byron, P., Litsou, K., & Ingham, R. (2020). An interdisciplinary definition of pornography: Results from a global Delphi panel [Technical Report]. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(3), 1085\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01554-4","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0181","volume":"12","author":"GJ Meerkerk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meerkerk, G. J., Van Den Eijnden, R. J., Vermulst, A. A., & Garretsen, H. F. (2009). The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2008.0181","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.857","volume":"3","author":"TL Milfont","year":"2010","unstructured":"Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21500\/20112084.857","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychological Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12941","volume":"28","author":"J Moisson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moisson, J., Potenza, M. N., Shirk, S. D., Hoff, R. A., Park, C. L., & Kraus, S. W. (2019). Psychopathology and hypersexuality among veterans with and without histories of alcohol-use disorders. American Journal on Addictions, 28(5), 398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajad.12941","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"11","key":"2141_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14290","volume":"62","author":"H Nakayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakayama, H., Matsuzaki, T., Mihara, S., Kitayuguchi, T., & Higuchi, S. (2020a). Relationship between problematic gaming and age at the onset of habitual gaming. Pediatrics International, 62(11), 1275\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.14290","journal-title":"Pediatrics International"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00009","volume":"9","author":"H Nakayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakayama, H., Ueno, F., Mihara, S., Kitayuguchi, T., & Higuchi, S. (2020b). Relationship between problematic internet use and age at initial weekly internet use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(1), 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00009","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"2141_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.638354","volume":"12","author":"Y Okabe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okabe, Y., Takahashi, F., & Ito, D. (2021). Problematic pornography use in Japan: A preliminary study among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.638354","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/19317610802240154","volume":"20","author":"B Paul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paul, B., & Shim, J. W. (2008). Gender, sexual affect, and motivations for internet pornography use. International Journal of Sexual Health, 20(3), 187\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19317610802240154","journal-title":"International Journal of Sexual Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2141_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-017-1127-x","volume":"47","author":"CA Pepping","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pepping, C. A., Cronin, T. J., Lyons, A., & Caldwell, J. G. (2018). The effects of mindfulness on sexual outcomes: The role of emotion regulation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(6), 1601\u20131612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-017-1127-x","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1556772","volume":"57","author":"SL Perry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perry, S. L. (2020). Is the link between pornography use and relational happiness really more about masturbation? Results from two national surveys. Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 64\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2018.1556772","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"key":"2141_CR77","unstructured":"Pornhub. (2019). The 2019 year in review. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https:\/\/www.pornhub.com\/insights\/2019-year-in-review"},{"issue":"11","key":"2141_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x","volume":"9","author":"RC Reid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., Hook, J. N., Garos, S., Manning, J. C., Gilliland, R., Cooper, E. B., McKittrick, H., Davtian, M., & Fong, T. (2012). Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 2868\u20132877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2011.607047","volume":"37","author":"RC Reid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reid, R. C., Li, D. S., Gilliland, R., Stein, J. A., & Fong, T. (2011). Reliability, validity, and psychometric development of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in a sample of hypersexual men. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 37(5), 359\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2011.607047","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1191597","volume":"54","author":"C Rissel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rissel, C., Richters, J., de Visser, R. O., McKee, A., Yeung, A., & Caruana, T. (2017). A profile of pornography users in Australia: Findings from the second Australian Study of Health and Relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 54(2), 227\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2016.1191597","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9762-0","volume":"41","author":"MW Ross","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ross, M. W., M\u00e5nsson, S. A., & Daneback, K. (2012). Prevalence, severity, and correlates of problematic sexual Internet use in Swedish men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(2), 459\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-011-9762-0","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2141_CR82","first-page":"23","volume":"8","author":"K Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & M\u00fcller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23\u201374.","journal-title":"Methods of Psychological Research Online"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/10720160008403700","volume":"7","author":"JP Schneider","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schneider, J. P. (2000). A qualitative study of cybersex participants: Gender differences, recovery issues, and implications for therapists. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7(4), 249\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10720160008403700","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"},{"key":"2141_CR84","volume-title":"The anxiety disease","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sheehan, D. V. (1983). The anxiety disease. Charles Scribner and Sons."},{"key":"2141_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106647","volume":"112","author":"SD Shirk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shirk, S. D., Saxena, A., Park, D., & Kraus, S. W. (2021). Predicting problematic pornography use among male returning US veterans. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106647","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0477","volume":"15","author":"MB Short","year":"2012","unstructured":"Short, M. B., Black, L., Smith, A. H., Wetterneck, C. T., & Wells, D. E. (2012). A review of Internet pornography use research: Methodology and content from the past 10 years. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(1), 13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2010.0477","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.31","volume":"8","author":"S Sklenarik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sklenarik, S., Potenza, M. N., Gola, M., Kor, A., Kraus, S. W., & Astur, R. S. (2019). Approach bias for erotic stimuli in heterosexual male college students who use pornography. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 234\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.31","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"2141_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.10.010","volume":"77","author":"L Sniewski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sniewski, L., Farvid, P., & Carter, P. (2018). The assessment and treatment of adult heterosexual men with self-perceived problematic pornography use: A review. Addictive Behaviors, 77, 217\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.10.010","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"2141_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.045","volume":"225","author":"L Stockdale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stockdale, L., & Coyne, S. M. (2018). Video game addiction in emerging adulthood: Cross-sectional evidence of pathology in video game addicts as compared to matched healthy controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 265\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.045","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"2141_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9960-1","volume":"21","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Terwee, C. B., Mokkink, L. B., Knol, D. L., Ostelo, R. W., Bouter, L. M., & de Vet, H. C. (2012). Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: A scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Quality of Life Research, 21(4), 651\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-011-9960-1","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"2141_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01181","volume":"9","author":"Y Tian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Zhang, S., Wu, R., Wang, P., Gao, F., & Chen, Y. (2018). Association between specific internet activities and life satisfaction: The mediating effects of loneliness and depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01181","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810031002","volume":"3","author":"RJ Vandenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109442810031002","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2141_CR93","first-page":"319","volume":"88","author":"A Voss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Voss, A., Cash, H., Hurdiss, S., Bishop, F., Klam, W. P., & Doan, A. P. (2015). Case report: Internet gaming disorder associated with pornography use. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 88(3), 319\u2013324.","journal-title":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395783","volume":"62","author":"CT Wetterneck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wetterneck, C. T., Burgess, A. J., Short, M. B., Smith, A. H., & Cervantes, M. E. (2012). The role of sexual compulsivity, impulsivity, and experiential avoidance in internet pornography use. Psychological Record, 62(1), 3\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03395783","journal-title":"The Psychological Record"},{"key":"2141_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., Erikson, P., & ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value in Health, 8(2), 94\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054"},{"issue":"2","key":"2141_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.33","volume":"7","author":"M Wordecha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wordecha, M., Wilk, M., Kowalewska, E., Skorko, M., \u0141api\u0144ski, A., & Gola, M. (2018). \u201cPornographic binges\u201d as a key characteristic of males seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behaviors: Qualitative and quantitative 10-week-long diary assessment. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 433\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.33","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"2141_CR97","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"key":"2141_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.11.007","volume":"64","author":"A W\u00e9ry","year":"2017","unstructured":"W\u00e9ry, A., & Billieux, J. (2017). Problematic cybersex: Conceptualization, assessment, and treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 238\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.11.007","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10720160590933653","volume":"12","author":"VC Yoder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoder, V. C., Virden, T. B., III., & Amin, K. (2005). Internet pornography and loneliness: An association? Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 12(1), 19\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10720160590933653","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2141_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1364-5","volume":"17","author":"R Yong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yong, R., Inoue, A., & Kawakami, N. (2017). The validity and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-017-1364-5","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2141_CR101","first-page":"1645","volume":"7","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoshida, T., Otsubo, T., Tsuchida, H., Wada, Y., Kamijima, K., & Fukui, K. (2004). Reliability and validity of the Sheehan Disability Scale-Japanese version. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 7, 1645\u20131653.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2141_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9971","volume":"10","author":"KS Young","year":"2007","unstructured":"Young, K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2007.9971","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society"}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T20:49:46Z","timestamp":1646167786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02141-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics review board of the Hyogo University of Teacher Education and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was implied when participants accessed the survey link.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}