{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:17:00Z","timestamp":1790115420321,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["961145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["961145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1651765608000},"page":"1881-1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Epidemiology of Gender Dysphoria in Iran: The First Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Talaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Hedjazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazilla","family":"Badieyan Moosavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliheh","family":"Dadgarmoghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Lotfinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad S.","family":"Khorashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2250_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/19359705.2011.530580","volume":"15","author":"M Ahmadzad-Asl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahmadzad-Asl, M., Jalali, A. H., Alavi, K., Naserbakht, M., Taban, M., Mohseninia-Omrani, K., & Eftekhar, M. (2010). The epidemiology of transsexualism in Iran. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health,  15, 83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19359705.2011.530580","journal-title":"Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2250_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12817","volume":"12","author":"M Aitken","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aitken, M., Steensma, T. D., Blanchard, R., VanderLaan, D. P., Wood, H., Fuentes, A., Spegg, C., Wasserman, L., Megan Ames, C., Fitzsimmons, L., Leef, J. H., Lishak, V., Reim, E., Takagi, A., Vinik, J., Wreford, J., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., de Vries, A. L. C., Kreukels, B. P. C., & Zucker, K. J. (2015). Evidence for an altered sex ratio in clinic-referred adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 756\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12817","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2250_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders  (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.893619","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.893619"},{"key":"2250_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.005","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arcelus, J., Bouman, W. P., Van Den Noortgate, W., Claes, L., Witcomb, G., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in transsexualism. European Psychiatry, 30(6), 807\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.005","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2250_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02252.x","volume":"8","author":"T Baba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baba, T., Endo, T., Ikeda, K., Shimizu, A., Honnma, H., Ikeda, H., Masumori, N., Ohmura, T., Kiya, T., Fujimoto, T., Koizumi, M., & Saito, T. (2011). Distinctive features of female-to-male transsexualism and prevalence of gender identity disorder in Japan. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(6), 1686\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02252.x","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2250_CR6","unstructured":"Bagri, N. T. (2017). \u201cEveryone treated me like a saint\u201d\u2014In Iran, there\u2019s only one way to survive as a transgender person. Retrieved from https:\/\/qz.com\/889548\/everyone-treated-me-like-a-saint-in-iran-theres-only-one-way-to-survive-as-a-transgender-person\/"},{"key":"2250_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2011.700873","volume":"13","author":"E Coleman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coleman, E., Bockting, W., Botzer, M., Cohen-Kettenis, P., DeCuypere, G., Feldman, J.,  Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W. J., Monstrey, S., Adler, R. K., Brown, G. R., Devor, A. H., Ehrbar, R., Ettner, R., Eyler, E., Garofalo, R., ... Zucker, K. (2012). Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, Version 7. International Journal of Transgenderism, 13, 165\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15532739.2011.700873","journal-title":"International Journal of Transgenderism"},{"key":"2250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.10.002","volume":"22","author":"G De Cuypere","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Cuypere, G., Van Hemelrijck, M., Michel, A., Carael, B., Heylens, G., Rubens, R., Hoebeke, P., & Monstrey, S. (2007). Prevalence and demography of transsexualism in Belgium. European Psychiatry, 22, 137\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.10.002","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"2250_CR9","unstructured":"Fattahi, M., & Karimi, N. (2018). Iran\u2019s transgender people face discrimination despite fatwa. Retrieved from https:\/\/apnews.com\/a66b2167bb1744e6b12ba8ff1ef97c21"},{"key":"2250_CR10","volume-title":"DSM-IV-TR guidebook","author":"MB First","year":"2004","unstructured":"First, M. B., France, A., & Pincus, H. A. (2004). DSM-IV-TR guidebook. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542342","volume":"17","author":"J Godlewski","year":"1988","unstructured":"Godlewski, J. (1988). Transsexualism and anatomic sex ratio reversal in Poland. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 17(6), 547\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01542342","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2250_CR12","unstructured":"Hamedani, A. (2014). The gay people pushed to change their gender. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-29832690"},{"key":"2250_CR13","unstructured":"Khabaronline. (2014). Iranian transgender population. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.khabaronline.ir\/news\/444201\/\u06f1\u06f5\u06f0-\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u0646\u0641\u0631-\u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a-\u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a-\u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646"},{"issue":"2","key":"2250_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0140-y","volume":"43","author":"L Kuyper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuyper, L., & Wijsen, C. (2014). Gender identities and gender dysphoria in the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 377\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-013-0140-y","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2250_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","volume":"107","author":"EL Meerwijk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meerwijk, E. L., & Sevelius, J. M. (2017). Transgender population size in the United States: A meta-regression of population-based probability samples. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), e1\u2013e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2250_CR16","unstructured":"Saberi, M. (2016). Law and medicine. Tehran, Iran: Legal Medicine Organization Research Center. Retrieved from http:\/\/ketab.ir\/bookview.aspx?bookid=2084888"},{"issue":"1","key":"2250_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1054\/jcfm.2002.0533","volume":"9","author":"H Sanaei Zadeh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sanaei Zadeh, H. (2002). Modern forensic medicine and the medico-legal system in Iran. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 9(1), 12\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jcfm.2002.0533","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine"},{"key":"2250_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01453","volume":"10","author":"C Scandurra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scandurra, C., Mezza, F., Maldonato, N. M., Bottone, M., Bochicchio, V., Valerio, P., & Vitelli, R. (2019). Health of non-binary and genderqueer people: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01453","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2250_CR19","unstructured":"Statistical Center of Iran. (2017). Iran statistical year book 2016\u20132017. Tehran, Iran."},{"key":"2250_CR20","unstructured":"TGEU. (2019). Trans rights Europe & Central Asia Map & Index."},{"key":"2250_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valashany, B. T., & Janghorbani, M. (2018). Quality of life of men and women with gender identity disorder. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0995-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0995-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"2250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00799.x","volume":"6","author":"S Vujovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vujovic, S., Popovic, S., Sbutega-Milosevic, G., Djordjevic, M., & Gooren, L. (2009). Transsexualism in Serbia: A twenty-year follow-up study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6(4), 1018\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00799.x","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17067","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J. (2017). Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity. Sexual Health, 14, 404\u2013411.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SH17067","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2250_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01518-8","volume":"48","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J. (2019). Adolescents with gender dysphoria: Reflections on some contemporary clinical and research issues. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), 1983\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01518-8","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2250_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.03.406","volume":"16","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., VanderLaan, D. P., & Aitken, M. (2019). The contemporary sex ratio of transgender youth that favors assigned females at birth is a robust phenomenon: A response to the Letter to the Editor re: \"shifts in assigned sex ratios at gender identity clinics likely reflect change in referral patterns\" [Letter to the Editor]. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16, 949\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.03.406","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.02.015","volume":"58","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., Wood, H., Wasserman, L., VanderLaan, D. P., & Aitken, M. (2016). Increasing referrals for gender dysphoria [Letter to the Editor]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58, 693\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.02.015","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T21:10:18Z","timestamp":1655154618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02250-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"They have no conflicts of interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted with the formal approval of the Ethics committee of the authors\u2019 university, and active consent was obtained from all participants before they could access the survey.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}