{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:08:45Z","timestamp":1794002925691,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons who have renounced a prior transgender identification, often after some degree of social and medical transition, are increasingly visible. We recruited 78 US individuals ages 18\u201333 years who previously identified as transgender and had stopped identifying as transgender at least six months prior. On average, participants first identified as transgender at 17.1 years of age and had done so for 5.4 years at the time of their participation. Most (83%) participants had taken several steps toward social transition and 68% had taken at least one medical step. By retrospective reports, fewer than 17% of participants met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Gender Dysphoria in Childhood. In contrast, 53% of participants believed that \u201crapid-onset gender dysphoria\u201d applied to them. Participants reported a high rate of psychiatric diagnoses, with many of these prior to trans-identification. Most participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200971, 91%) were natal females. Females (43%) were more likely than males (0%) to be exclusively homosexual. Participants reported that their psychological health had improved dramatically since detransition\/desistance, with marked decreases in self-harm and gender dysphoria and marked increases in flourishing. The most common reason given for initial trans-identification was confusing mental health issues or reactions to trauma for gender dysphoria. Reasons for detransition were more likely to reflect internal changes (e.g., the participants\u2019 own thought processes) than external pressures (e.g., pressure from family). Results suggest that, for some transgender individuals, detransition is both possible and beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T15:04:10Z","timestamp":1701443050000},"page":"57-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Detransition and Desistance Among Previously Trans-Identified Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Littman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Kerschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Michael","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2716_CR1","unstructured":"4thwavenow. (2016). In praise of gatekeepers: An interview with a former teen client of TransActive Gender Center. https:\/\/4thwavenow.com\/2016\/04\/21\/in-praise-of-gatekeepers-an-interview- with-a-former-teen-client-of-transactive-gender-center\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"2716_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12817","volume":"12","author":"M Aitken","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aitken, M., Steensma, T. D., Blanchard, R., VanderLaan, D. P., Wood, H., Fuentes, A., Spegg, C., Wasserman, L., Ames, M., Fitzsimmons, C. L., Leef, J. H., Lishak, V.,\nReim, E., Takagi, A., Vinik, J., Wreford, J., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., de Vries, A. L. C., Kreukels, B. P. C., & Zucker, K. J. (2015). Evidence for an altered sex ratio in clinic-referred adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 756\u2013763.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"2716_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"2716_CR4","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2017). Experience: I regret transitioning. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2017\/feb\/03\/experience-i-regret-transitioning"},{"key":"2716_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1177\/0038026120934693","volume":"68","author":"F Ashley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashley, F. (2020). A critical commentary on \u2018rapid onset gender dysphoria.\u2019 Sociological Review, 68, 779\u2013799.","journal-title":"Sociological Review"},{"key":"2716_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239908403976","volume":"25","author":"JM Bailey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bailey, J. M., & Shriver, A. (1999). Does childhood sexual abuse cause borderline personality disorder? Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 25, 45\u201357.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"key":"2716_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.1.43","volume":"31","author":"JM Bailey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bailey, J. M., & Zucker, K. J. (1995). Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review. Developmental Psychology, 31, 43\u201355.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2716_CR8","unstructured":"Bailey, J. M., & Blanchard R. (2017). Gender dysphoria is not one thing. 4thWaveNow. https:\/\/4thwavenow.com\/2017\/12\/07\/gender-dysphoria-is-not-one-thing\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"2716_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198910000-00004","volume":"177","author":"R Blanchard","year":"1989","unstructured":"Blanchard, R. (1989). The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177(10), 616\u2013623.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"2716_CR10","unstructured":"Boyce, B. (2021). https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/BenjaminABoyce\/videos"},{"key":"2716_CR11","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Healthcare","author":"I Boyd","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boyd, I., Hackett, T., & Bewley, S. (2022). Care of transgender patients: A general practice quality improvement approach. Healthcare (p. 121). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute."},{"key":"2716_CR12","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Transgender children and young people: Born in your own body","author":"C Callahan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Callahan, C. (2018). Unheard voices of detransitioners. In H. Brunskell-Evans & M. Moore (Eds.), Transgender children and young people: Born in your own body (pp. 166\u2013180). Cambridge Scholars Publishing."},{"issue":"1","key":"2716_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01844-2","volume":"50","author":"R D\u2019Angelo","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo, R., Syrulnik, E., Ayad, S., Marchiano, L., Kenny, D. T., & Clarke, P. (2021). One size does not fit all: In support of psychotherapy for gender dysphoria [Letter to the Editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(1), 7\u201316.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR13","unstructured":"Detrans Voices. (2022). https:\/\/www.detransvoices.org"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2958","volume":"134","author":"AL de Vries","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696\u2013704.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2716_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016885","volume":"6","author":"C Dhejne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dhejne, C., Lichtenstein, P., Boman, M., Johansson, A. L., L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m, N., & Land\u00e9n, M. (2011). Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: Cohort study in Sweden. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16885.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2716_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-023-02576-9","volume":"52","author":"S Diaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diaz, S., & Bailey, J. M. (2023a). Rapid onset gender dysphoria: Parent reports on 1655 possible cases. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 52, 1031\u20131043. [Retracted Article: Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria: Parent Reports on 1655 Possible Cases. Arch Sex Behav 52, 1031\u20131043 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02576-9]","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz, S., & Bailey, J. M. (2023b). Rapid-onset gender dysphoria: Parent reports on 1,655 possible cases. Journal of Open Inquiry in the Behavioral Sciences. https:\/\/researchers.one\/articles\/23.10.00002v1","DOI":"10.58408\/issn.2992-9253.2023.01.01.00000012"},{"issue":"1","key":"2716_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12380","volume":"26","author":"K Entwistle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Entwistle, K. (2021). Debate: Reality check\u2013Detransitioner\u2019s testimonies require us to rethink gender dysphoria. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 26(1), 15\u201316.","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health"},{"key":"2716_CR18","volume-title":"Gender dysphoria: A therapeutic model for working with children, adolescents and young adults","author":"S Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans, S., & Evans, M. (2021). Gender dysphoria: A therapeutic model for working with children, adolescents and young adults. Phoenix Publications."},{"issue":"3","key":"2716_CR19","first-page":"270","volume":"47","author":"P Exp\u00f3sito-Campos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Exp\u00f3sito-Campos, P. (2021). A typology of gender detransition and its implications for healthcare providers. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 47(3), 270\u2013280.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245\u2013258.","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"2716_CR21","unstructured":"French National Academy of Medicine. (2022). Medicine and gender transidentity in children and adolescents [Press release]. https:\/\/www.academie-medecine.fr\/la-medecine-face-a-la-transidentite-de-genre-chez-les-enfants-et-les-adolescents\/?lang=en"},{"key":"2716_CR22","unstructured":"Gender Care Consumer Advocacy Network. (2022). https:\/\/www.gccan.org"},{"issue":"6","key":"2716_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e184","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.1022","volume":"7","author":"R Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall, R., Mitchell, L., & Sachdeva, J. (2021). Access to care and frequency of detransition among a cohort discharged by a UK national adult gender identity clinic: Retrospective case-note review. Bjpsych Open, 7(6), e184.","journal-title":"Bjpsych Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2716_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9077-3","volume":"43","author":"O Hellevik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hellevik, O. (2009). Linear versus logistic regression when the dependent variable is a dichotomy. Quality and Quantity, 43(1), 59\u201374.","journal-title":"Quality and Quantity"},{"key":"2716_CR26","unstructured":"Herzog, K. (2017). The detransitioners: They were transgender until they weren\u2019t. The Stranger. https:\/\/www.thestranger.com\/features\/2017\/06\/28\/25252342\/the-detransitioners-they-were-trans gender-until-they-werent"},{"key":"2716_CR27","volume-title":"The Report of the 2015 US Transgender Survey","author":"S James","year":"2016","unstructured":"James, S., Herman, J., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. A. (2016). The Report of the 2015 US Transgender Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality."},{"key":"2716_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.01.035","volume":"35","author":"LA Jelenchick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jelenchick, L. A., Eickhoff, J., Christakis, D. A., Brown, R. L., Zhang, C., Benson, M., & Moreno, M. A. (2014). The Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS) for adolescents and young adults: Scale development and refinement. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 171\u2013178.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315744131","volume-title":"Data analysis: A model comparison approach to regression, ANOVA, and beyond","author":"CM Judd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Judd, C. M., McClelland, G. H., & Ryan, C. S. (2017). Data analysis: A model comparison approach to regression, ANOVA, and beyond. Routledge."},{"issue":"6","key":"2716_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593\u2013602.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2716_CR31","volume-title":"Sexual behavior in the human male","author":"AC Kinsey","year":"1948","unstructured":"Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Saunders."},{"key":"2716_CR32","unstructured":"Knox, L. (2019). Media\u2019s \u2018detransition\u2019 narrative is fueling misconceptions, trans advocates say. NBC News. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/feature\/nbc-out\/media-s-detransition-narrative-fueling-misconceptions-trans-advocates-say-n1102686"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024086814364","volume":"32","author":"AA Lawrence","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lawrence, A. A. (2003). Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(4), 299\u2013315.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"2716_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9104-9","volume":"35","author":"AA Lawrence","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lawrence, A. A. (2006). Patient-reported complications and functional outcomes of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(6), 717\u2013727.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5182-2_1","volume-title":"Men trapped in men\u2019s bodies: Narratives of autogynephilic transsexualism","author":"AA Lawrence","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawrence, A. A. (2012). Men trapped in men\u2019s bodies: Narratives of autogynephilic transsexualism. Springer."},{"issue":"8","key":"2716_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202330","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202330","volume":"13","author":"L Littman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. PLoS ONE, 13(8), e0202330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202330","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2716_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02163-w","volume":"50","author":"L Littman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Littman, L. (2021). Individuals treated for gender dysphoria with medical and\/or surgical transition who subsequently detransitioned: A survey of 100 detransitioners. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(8), 3353\u20133369.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172100146X","volume":"53","author":"RT Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, R. T. (2023). The epidemiology of non-suicidal self-injury: Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment use in a nationally representative sample of adults in England. Psychological Medicine, 53, 274\u2013282.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"2716_CR39","unstructured":"Marchiano, L. (2020). The ranks of gender detransitioners are growing. We need to understand why. Quillette. https:\/\/quillette.com\/2020\/01\/02\/the-ranks-of-gender-detransitioners-are-growing-we-need- to-understand-why\/"},{"key":"2716_CR40","unstructured":"McCann, C. (2017). When girls won\u2019t be girls. The Economist. https:\/\/www.economist.com\/1843\/2017\/09\/28\/when-girls-wont-be-girls"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v05n04_05","volume":"5","author":"F Pf\u00e4fflin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pf\u00e4fflin, F. (1993). Regrets after sex reassignment surgery. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 5(4), 69\u201385.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality"},{"key":"2716_CR43","unstructured":"Pique Resilience Project. (2019). https:\/\/www.piqueresproject.com\/"},{"key":"2716_CR44","unstructured":"Post Trans. (2022). https:\/\/post-trans.com"},{"key":"2716_CR65","unstructured":"r\/detrans. (2019). R\/detrans subreddit survey update! [Reddit]. https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/detrans\/comments\/azj8xd\/subreddit_survey_update\/"},{"key":"2716_CR66","unstructured":"r\/detrans. (2020). [Reddit]. https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/detrans\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"2716_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3937","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac251","volume":"107","author":"CM Roberts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roberts, C. M., Klein, D. A., Adirim, T. A., Schvey, N. A., & Hisle-Gorman, E. (2022). Continuation of gender-affirming hormones among transgender adolescents and adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 107(9), e3937\u2013e3943.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"2716_CR46","volume-title":"Irreversible damage: The transgender craze seducing our daughters","author":"A Shrier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shrier, A. (2020). Irreversible damage: The transgender craze seducing our daughters. Regnery Publishing."},{"key":"2716_CR47","unstructured":"Smith, J. (2021). Lesley Stahl defends CBS 60 Minutes episode about transgender people rushing into treatment then regretting it: Young man was castrated after taking female hormones for just three months. Dailymail.com. https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-9621959\/Lesley-Stahl-defends-CBS-60-Minutes-episode-transgender-teens-rushed-it.html"},{"key":"2716_CR48","unstructured":"Stonewall. (2019). Dispelling myths around detransition [Press release]. https:\/\/www.stonewall.org.uk\/about-us\/news\/dispelling-myths-around-detransition"},{"key":"2716_CR49","unstructured":"Topping, A. (2020). UK court hears children cannot consent to puberty blockers. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2020\/oct\/07\/court-hears-children-cannot-consent-to-puberty-blockers"},{"key":"2716_CR50","unstructured":"Tracey, M. (2020). Why all this trans stuff? YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/r57wGbiK3U8"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2020.0437","volume":"8","author":"JL Turban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turban, J. L., Loo, S. S., Almazan, A. N., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2021). Factors leading to \u201cdetransition\u201d among transgender and gender diverse people in the United States: A mixed-methods analysis. LGBT Health, 8(4), 273\u2013280.","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"2716_CR41","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Inventing transgender children and young people","author":"twitter.com\/ftmdetransed, & twitter.com\/radfemjourney","year":"2019","unstructured":"twitter.com\/ftmdetransed, & twitter.com\/radfemjourney. (2019). Our voices our selves\u2014amplifying the voices of detransitioned women. In M. Moore & H. Brunskell-Evans (Eds.), Inventing transgender children and young people (pp. 167\u2013174). Cambridge Scholars Publishing."},{"key":"2716_CR67","unstructured":"upperhandMARS. (2020). Desist to exist as Chiara. YouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rLfTrTRnIRk"},{"key":"2716_CR52","unstructured":"Valdes, L., & McKinnon, K. (2023). Taking detransitioners seriously. The Atlantic. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2023\/01\/detransition-transgender-nonbinary-gender-affirming-care\/672745\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"2716_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000465","volume":"79","author":"TC van de Grift","year":"2017","unstructured":"van de Grift, T. C., Elaut, E., Cerwenka, S. C., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., De Cuypere, G., Richter-Appelt, H., & Kreukels, B. P. (2017). Effects of medical interventions on gender dysphoria and body image: A follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 79(7), 815\u2013823.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"2716_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2021.1919479","volume":"69","author":"E Vandenbussche","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vandenbussche, E. (2022). Detransition-related needs and support: A cross-sectional online survey. Journal of Homosexuality, 69, 1602\u20131620.","journal-title":"Journal of Homosexuality"},{"key":"2716_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702996114","volume":"31","author":"TJ VanderWeele","year":"2017","unstructured":"VanderWeele, T. J. (2017). On the promotion of human flourishing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 31, 8148\u20138156.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2716_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.01.016","volume":"15","author":"CM Wiepjes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., de Blok, C. J. M., Klaver, M., de Vries, A. L. C., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., de Jongh, R. T., Bouman, M.-B., Steensma, T. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Gooren, L. J. G., Kreukels, B. P. C., & den Heijer, M. (2018). The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972\u20132015): Trends in prevalence, treatment, and regrets. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 582\u2013590.","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2716_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5922.12641","volume":"65","author":"R Withers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Withers, R. (2020). Transgender medicalization and the attempt to evade psychological distress. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 65(5), 865\u2013889.","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Psychology"},{"key":"2716_CR58","unstructured":"World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). (2018). WPATH position on \u201crapid-onset gender dysphoria (ROGD)\u201d [Press release]. https:\/\/www.wpath.org\/media\/cms\/Documents\/Public%20Policies\/2018\/9_Sept\/WPATH%20Position%20on%20Rapid-Onset%20Gender%20Dysphoria_9-4-2018.pdf"},{"key":"2716_CR59","unstructured":"YouTube. (2022). https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=detransition"},{"key":"2716_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144050","volume":"1","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J. (2005). Gender identity disorder in children and adolescents. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 467\u2013492.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2716_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01518-8","volume":"48","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J. (2019). Adolescents with gender dysphoria: Reflections on some contemporary clinical and research issues. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), 1983\u20131992.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2716_CR64","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., & Aitken, M. (2019). Sex ratio of transgender adolescents: A meta-analysis. In 3rd Biennal EPATH Conference (p. 48), Rome, Italy."},{"key":"2716_CR62","volume-title":"Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., & Bradley, S. J. (1995). Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. Guilford Press."},{"key":"2716_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2011.611219","volume":"38","author":"KJ Zucker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., Bradley, S. J., Owen-Anderson, A., Kibblewhite, S. J., Wood, H., Singh, D., & Choi, K. (2012). Demographics, behavior problems, and psychosexual characteristics of adolescents with gender identity disorder or transvestic fetishism. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 38, 151\u2013189.","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T20:05:13Z","timestamp":1705521913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02716-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This research was approved as exempt by the Brown University Human Research Protection Program (HRPP). The HRPP determined the original research protocol to be exempt from 45 CFR 46 regarding the inclusion of human participants in research. Two modifications were accepted with limited IRB review to determine that there were adequate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the confidentiality of data in accordance with 45 CFR 46.111(a)(7).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Electronic consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. On the first page of the online survey, participants were informed of the research purpose and potential risks and benefits of participating, that their participation was voluntary, and were presented with contact information for the researcher and for the Brown University\u2019s Human Research Protection Program. The research survey questions were displayed only if the participant clicked \u201cagree\u201d which indicated that the participant read and understood the information, were 18\u201333\u00a0years of age, and agreed to volunteer as a research participant for the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}