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We studied the development of gender non-contentedness, i.e., unhappiness with being the gender aligned with one\u2019s sex, from early adolescence to young adulthood, and its association with self-concept, behavioral and emotional problems, and adult sexual orientation. Participants were 2772 adolescents (53% male) from the Tracking Adolescents\u2019 Individual Lives Survey population and clinical cohort. Data from six waves were included (ages 11\u201326). Gender non-contentedness was assessed with the item \u201cI wish to be of the opposite sex\u201d from the Youth and Adult Self-Report at all six waves. Behavioral and emotional problems were measured by total scores of these scales at all six waves. Self-concept was assessed at age 11 using the Global Self-Worth and Physical Appearance subscales of the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Sexual orientation was assessed at age 22 by self-report. In early adolescence, 11% of participants reported gender non-contentedness. The prevalence decreased with age and was 4% at the last follow-up (around age 26). Three developmental trajectories of gender non-contentedness were identified: no gender non-contentedness (78%), decreasing gender non-contentedness (19%), and increasing gender non-contentedness (2%). Individuals with an increasing gender non-contentedness more often were female and both an increasing and decreasing trajectory were associated with a lower global self-worth, more behavioral and emotional problems, and a non-heterosexual sexual orientation. Gender non-contentedness, while being relatively common during early adolescence, in general decreases with age and appears to be associated with a poorer self-concept and mental health throughout development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-024-02817-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1709068864000},"page":"1813-1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Development of Gender Non-Contentedness During Adolescence and Early Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Pien","family":"Rawee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith G. 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