{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:28:55Z","timestamp":1788269335321,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KR1205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KR1205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1034\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1034\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    With this study, we explored the complex interplay between sexual preference, behavior, and viewing time (VT) as an assessment tool for pedohebephilic interest by using a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design. The design included two factors: sexual preference (pedohebephilic vs. teleiophilic) and history of child sexual abuse (with vs. without a prior child sexual offense [CSO]). A total of 320 men participated, including individuals with a sexual preference for children (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009151) and those with a preference for adults (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009169), encompassing those who had committed a CSO (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009102) and those who had not (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009218). By crossing these factors, the study investigated how preference and offense history interact to influence VT. Both ipsatized and raw VT data were analyzed. The clinical diagnosis of pedohebephilia and a prior CSO showed a significant association with the VT index. The study also revealed methodological insights, with raw VT data showing a primary effect of pedohebephilia and of CSO not visible in the ipsatized data. In a subsample of men with pedohebephilia, those who had not committed CSOs had longer absolute and relative VTs. In a subsample of men with teleiophilia, those who had committed CSO showed lower absolute and relative VTs for adults compared to healthy controls. They also showed higher relative VTs for Tanner stages 2\u20133. This study deepened our understanding of the complex interplay between sexual preference, behavior, and assessment methodologies, suggesting pathways for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies for CSOs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T19:31:37Z","timestamp":1766777497000},"page":"165-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Viewing Time Behavior in a Diverse Sample of 320 Pedohebephilic and Teleiophilic Men Who Have Committed Child Sexual Offense and Who Have Not"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7806-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Amelung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus M.","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inka","family":"Ristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolja","family":"Schiltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Kneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tillmann H. C.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-023-02662-y","volume":"53","author":"T Amelung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amelung, T., Konrad, A., Beier, K. M., & Lehmann, R. J. B. (2024). The viewing reaction time as a diagnostic tool of pedohebephilia in the Dunkelfeld. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 53(1), 25\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-023-02662-y","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"3286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x","volume":"44","author":"KM Babchishin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Babchishin, K. M., Hanson, R. K., & VanZuylen, H. (2015). Online child pornography offenders are different: A meta-analysis of the characteristics of online and offline sex offenders against children. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 45\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809357598","volume":"37","author":"R Banse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banse, R., Schmidt, A. F., & Clarbour, J. (2010). Indirect measures of sexual interest in child sex offenders: A multimethod approach. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(3), 319\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854809357598","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"3286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940903174188","volume":"20","author":"KM Beier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beier, K. M., Ahlers, C. J., Goecker, D., Neutze, J., Mundt, I. A., Hupp, E., & Schaefer, G. A. (2009). Can pedophiles be reached for primary prevention of child sexual abuse? First results of the Berlin Prevention Project Dunkelfeld (PPD). Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(6), 851\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789940903174188","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.12.008","volume":"17","author":"J Carvalho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carvalho, J., Bradford, J., Murphy, L., Briken, P., & Fedoroff, P. (2020). Measuring pedophilic sexual interest. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(3), 378\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.12.008","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1020108","volume":"53","author":"B Dombert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dombert, B., Schmidt, A. F., Banse, R., Briken, P., Hoyer, J., Neutze, J., & Osterheider, M. (2016). How common is men\u2019s self-reported sexual interest in prepubescent children? Journal of Sex Research, 53(2), 214\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2015.1020108","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"01","key":"3286_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1099-4404","volume":"33","author":"S Eberhaut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eberhaut, S., Briken, P., & Eher, R. (2020). Die Bedeutung kognitiver Verzerrungen f\u00fcr die Diagnose einer p\u00e4dosexuellen Pr\u00e4ferenzst\u00f6rung bei inhaftierten T\u00e4tern mit Sexualdelikten in \u00d6sterreich. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sexualforschung, 33(01), 17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1099-4404","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sexualforschung"},{"issue":"7","key":"3286_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2022.2132548","volume":"44","author":"S Eberhaut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eberhaut, S., Schmidt, A. F., Banse, R., & Eher, R. (2023). Child abuse myths are pedophilic myths: Cognitive distortions are stronger in individuals convicted of sexual offenses diagnosed with pedophilia compared to those without such diagnosis. Deviant Behavior, 44(7), 1013\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01639625.2022.2132548","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"3286_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2307\/2331838","volume":"10","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1915","unstructured":"Fisher, R. A. (1915). Frequency distribution of the values of the correlation coefficient in samples from an indefinitely large population. Biometrika, 10(4), 507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2331838","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"3286_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.02.002","volume":"51","author":"H Gerwinn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gerwinn, H., Wei\u00df, S., Tenbergen, G., Amelung, T., F\u00f6disch, C., Pohl, A., Massau, C., Kneer, J., Mohnke, S., K\u00e4rgel, C., Wittfoth, M., Jung, S., Drumkova, K., Schiltz, K., Walter, M., Beier, K. M., Walter, H., Ponseti, J., Schiffer, B., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2018). Clinical characteristics associated with paedophilia and child sex offending\u2014Differentiating sexual preference from offence status. European Psychiatry, 51, 74\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.02.002","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213502680","volume":"27","author":"SR Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray, S. R., Abel, G. G., Jordan, A., Garby, T., Wiegel, M., & Harlow, N. (2015). Visual reaction time\u2122 as a predictor of sexual offense recidivism. Sexual Abuse, 27(2), 173\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063213502680","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"3286_CR12","unstructured":"Hanson, R. K., & Hanson, R. K. (with Canada). (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project. Public Safety Canada."},{"issue":"6","key":"3286_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154","volume":"73","author":"RK Hanson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3286_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9879-1","volume":"41","author":"R Imhoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Imhoff, R., Schmidt, A. F., Wei\u00df, S., Young, A. W., & Banse, R. (2012). Vicarious viewing time: Prolonged response latencies for sexually attractive targets as a function of task- or stimulus-specific processing. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(6), 1389\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-011-9879-1","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000325","volume":"23","author":"S Jahnke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jahnke, S. (2018). The stigma of pedophilia: Clinical and forensic implications. European Psychologist, 23(2), 144\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000325","journal-title":"European Psychologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"3286_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0503-7","volume":"44","author":"S Jahnke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jahnke, S., Schmidt, A. F., Geradt, M., & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigma-related stress and its correlates among men with pedophilic sexual interests. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(8), 2173\u20132187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0503-7","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02228-w","volume":"51","author":"S Jahnke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jahnke, S., Schmidt, A. F., Kl\u00f6ckner, A., & Hoyer, J. (2022). Neurodevelopmental differences, pedohebephilia, and sexual offending: Findings from two online surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 849\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02228-w","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.1986801","volume":"59","author":"CC Joyal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joyal, C. C., & Carpentier, J. (2022). Concordance and discordance between paraphilic interests and behaviors: A follow-up study. Journal of Sex Research, 59(3), 385\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2021.1986801","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"key":"3286_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.12.004","volume":"1632","author":"V Knott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knott, V., Impey, D., Fisher, D., Delpero, E., & Fedoroff, P. (2016). Pedophilic brain potential responses to adult erotic stimuli. Brain Research, 1632, 127\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.12.004","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"3286_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932012000284","volume":"45","author":"M Kowal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kowal, M., Kryst, \u0141, Sobiecki, J., & Woronkowicz, A. (2013). Secular trends in body composition and frequency of overweight and obesity in boys aged 3\u201318 from Krakow, Poland, within the last 30 years (from 1983 to 2010). Journal of Biosocial Science, 45(1), 111\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021932012000284","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"3286_CR21","unstructured":"Krishna, K. B., & Witchel, S. F. (2024). Normal and abnormal puberty. South Dartmouth (MA) MDText.com, Inc. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279024\/"},{"key":"3286_CR22","unstructured":"Mackaronis, J. E. (2014). Adolescent sexual offending: Assessing sexual interest and exploring treatment trajectories and outcome. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah. https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6xw7t0f"},{"issue":"4","key":"3286_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1026\/0033-3042\/a000042","volume":"61","author":"C Molz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molz, C., Schulze, R., Schroeders, U., & Wilhelm, O. (2010). TBS-TK Rezensionen: Wechsler Intelligenztest f\u00fcr Erwachsene WIE. Deutschsprachige Bearbeitung und Adaptation des WAIS-III von David Wechsler. Psychologische Rundschau, 61(4), 229\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1026\/0033-3042\/a000042","journal-title":"Psychologische Rundschau"},{"key":"3286_CR24","unstructured":"Pacific Psychological Assessment Cooperation. (2004). The NRP (Not-Real People) stimulus set for assessment of sexual interest. Author."},{"issue":"4","key":"3286_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000627","volume":"89","author":"CI Pedneault","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pedneault, C. I., Hilgard, J., Pettersen, C., Hermann, C. A., White, K., & Nunes, K. L. (2021). How well do indirect measures assess sexual interest in children? A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89(4), 350\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000627","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3286_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-022-02324-5","volume":"51","author":"P Pezzoli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pezzoli, P., Babchishin, K., Pullman, L., & Seto, M. C. (2022). Viewing time measures of sexual interest and sexual offending propensity: An online survey of fathers. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(8), 4097\u20134110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-022-02324-5","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"3286_CR27","unstructured":"Pohl, A. (2015). What works best? Vergleich dreier objektiver Verfahren zur Messung der p\u00e4dophilen Orientierung bei M\u00e4nnern (Ph.D thesis). https:\/\/macau.uni-kiel.de\/receive\/diss_mods_00018174"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-194204000-00004","volume":"4","author":"S Rosenzweig","year":"1942","unstructured":"Rosenzweig, S. (1942). The photoscope as an objective device for evaluating sexual interest. Psychosomatic Medicine, 4(2), 150\u2013158.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"3286_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2022.101813","volume":"69","author":"EE Schippers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schippers, E. E., Smid, W. J., Hoogsteder, L. M., Planting, C. H. M., & De Vogel, V. (2023). Pedophilia is associated with lower sexual interest in adults: Meta-analyses and a systematic review with men who had sexually offended against children. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 69, Article 101813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2022.101813","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"3286_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0806-3","volume":"46","author":"AF Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F., Babchishin, K. M., & Lehmann, R. J. B. (2017). A meta-analysis of viewing time measures of sexual interest in children. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(1), 287\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-016-0806-3","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213480817","volume":"26","author":"AF Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F., Gykiere, K., Vanhoeck, K., Mann, R. E., & Banse, R. (2014). Direct and indirect measures of sexual maturity preferences differentiate subtypes of child sexual abusers. Sexual Abuse, 26(2), 107\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063213480817","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"3286_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F., Koppehele-Gossel, J., Banse, R., & Imhoff, R. (2021). Testing causal explanations of viewing time measures of sexual interests [Preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/x2cqw","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/x2cqw"},{"issue":"4","key":"3286_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033326","volume":"25","author":"AF Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F., Mokros, A., & Banse, R. (2013). Is pedophilic sexual preference continuous? A taxometric analysis based on direct and indirect measures. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1146\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033326","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"3286_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F., & Perkins, D. (2020). Using the Explicit and Implicit Sexual Interest Profile in applied forensic or clinical contexts. In G. Akerman, D. Perkins, & R. M. Bartels (Eds.), Assessing and managing problematic sexual interests (Vol. 1, pp. 57\u201381). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429287695-4","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429287695-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.610","volume":"115","author":"MC Seto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seto, M. C., Cantor, J. M., & Blanchard, R. (2006). Child pornography offenses are a valid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(3), 610\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.610","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"3286_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2416-5_3","volume-title":"Sexual offending","author":"S Stephens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stephens, S., & Seto, M. C. (2016). Hebephilic sexual offending. In A. Phenix & H. M. Hoberman (Eds.), Sexual offending (pp. 29\u201343). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2416-5_3"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063216665837","volume":"30","author":"S Stephens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stephens, S., Seto, M. C., Goodwill, A. M., & Cantor, J. M. (2018). Age diversity among victims of hebephilic sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse, 30(3), 322\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063216665837","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"3286_CR38","unstructured":"Tanner, J. M. (1990). Foetus into man: Physical growth from conception to maturity. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"3286_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0032258X0107400202","volume":"74","author":"M Taylor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Taylor, M., Holland, G., & Quayle, E. (2001). Typology of paedophile picture collections. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, 74(2), 97\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0032258X0107400202","journal-title":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles"},{"issue":"1","key":"3286_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854817736345","volume":"45","author":"R Umbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Umbach, R., Raine, A., & Leonard, N. R. (2018). Cognitive decline as a result of incarceration and the effects of a CBT\/MT intervention: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(1), 31\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854817736345","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"3286_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.018","volume":"62","author":"M Walter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walter, M., Witzel, J., Wiebking, C., Gubka, U., Rotte, M., Schiltz, K., Bermpohl, F., Tempelmann, C., Bogerts, B., Heinze, H. J., & Northoff, G. (2007). Pedophilia is linked to reduced activation in hypothalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex during visual erotic stimulation. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 698\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.018","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3286_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320701900408","volume":"19","author":"L Webb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webb, L., Craissati, J., & Keen, S. (2007). Characteristics of internet child pornography offenders: A comparison with child molesters. Sexual Abuse, 19(4), 449\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107906320701900408","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"3286_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220904354","volume":"33","author":"R Welsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Welsch, R., Schmidt, A. F., Turner, D., & Rettenberger, M. (2021). Test-retest reliability and temporal agreement of direct and indirect sexual interest measures. Sexual Abuse, 33(3), 339\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063220904354","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"3286_CR44","unstructured":"WHO. (2019). International classification of diseases (ICD). World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/classification-of-diseases"},{"key":"3286_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilson, R. J., & Miner, M. H. (2016). Measurement of male sexual arousal and interest using penile plethysmography and viewing time. In D. R. Laws & W. O\u2019Donohue (Eds.), Treatment of sex offenders (pp. 107\u2013131). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-25868-3_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25868-3_5"},{"key":"3286_CR46","unstructured":"Wittchen, H.-U., Zaudig, M., & Fydrich, T. (1997). Skid. Strukturiertes klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV. Achse I und II. Handanweisung."}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T16:13:41Z","timestamp":1771431221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03286-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All local ethics committees granted approval for the study (Hannover: 6048; Duisburg-Essen: 10-4352; Magdeburg: 57\/10; Berlin: EA1\/064\/13; Kiel: A 129\/12).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}