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Although this model has proven robust across relationship contexts, research has yet to examine commitment processes in online camming relationships\u2014relationships between cam models and members of adult camming websites. An increasing number of people are engaging in online camming relationships, with some reporting that their interactions are not strictly sexual and involve some degree of intimacy. Yet, little is known about the factors that facilitate commitment between cam models and members. In a cross-sectional study of cam models (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009199) and members (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009544) from LiveJasmin, surveyed separately (i.e., not as matched dyads), we tested whether satisfaction, investment, and alternatives were associated with current commitment and future planned investment among cam models and members. Based on past research suggesting that alternatives are not as predictive of commitment in multi-partnered relationships and that camming interactions can feature intimacy, we tested an alternative model that replaces the quality of alternatives with intimacy. Results suggest that, in most cases, when cam models or members on camming sites reported greater satisfaction, investment, and intimacy, they, in turn, reported greater current commitment and intentions to invest in their relationship in the future, whereas the quality of alternatives was not a significant predictor. These findings highlight the importance of intimacy in driving commitment within camming relationships, suggesting that emotional connections play a vital role in sustaining these interactions beyond financial exchanges and relationship satisfaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-026-03476-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:15:42Z","timestamp":1784837742000},"page":"2181-2194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Transaction: Commitment, Intimacy, and Investment in Online Camming Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonda N.","family":"Balzarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Himes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3476_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.4.939","volume":"74","author":"CR Agnew","year":"1998","unstructured":"Agnew, C. 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The lead researcher and their research team independently conducted this research and were responsible for the study\u2019s design, data collection, data storage and analysis, interpretation of the results, and manuscript writing. Le Shaw facilitated collaboration between the company and the research team. The lead researcher retained full rights to all aspects of the research process, including data access, analysis, and reporting of findings. The researcher and the collaborating authors drew the research conclusions, and the journal will make the publication decision after peer review.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Texas State University, Approval #9572. All procedures in this study adhered to the ethical guidelines set forth by the IRB and complied with principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants provided informed consent prior to their participation, and all data were collected and analyzed in accordance with ethical research standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}