{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:15:22Z","timestamp":1792782922401,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Sydney","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Syphilis remains a major public health concern globally, with rising incidence contributing to preventable complications, including congenital syphilis. As such, the Western Sydney Local Health District implemented a direct syphilis referral pathway between the public health unit and sexual health services. This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences of this direct referral pathway and its perceived impact on clinical outcomes and care coordination. A qualitative study was conducted as part of a quality improvement initiative. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with clinicians from public health and sexual health services involved in the referral pathway. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Fourteen clinicians participated, including medical practitioners and registered nurses. Two overarching themes were identified: (1) proactive case follow-up as a safeguard against preventable consequences of syphilis and (2) infrastructure and interprofessional relationships as enablers of sustained coordination. Participants reported that the pathway enabled proactive engagement of high-risk populations (i.e., pregnant women), resulting in faster treatment and reduced loss to follow-up. Improved interprofessional communication, clearer roles, and access to digital tools (e.g., shared referral forms and electronic medical records) enhanced coordination. Persistent challenges included stigma, unstable housing, and difficulties engaging some patients despite repeated outreach. Clinicians perceived the direct syphilis referral pathway as improving timeliness, coordination, and equity of care for high-risk patients. Strengthened collaboration between public health and sexual health services supported integrated management, although ongoing social and structural barriers highlight the need for complementary supportive interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:59:31Z","timestamp":1786651171000},"page":"2679-2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare Professionals\u2019 Perspectives on the Direct Referral Pathway for Syphilis Management in Western Sydney"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3720-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew N.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lampard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4624-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan I.","family":"Bopage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3497_CR1","unstructured":"Australian Centre for Disease Control. (2025). Syphilis declared a communicable disease incident of national significance. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov.au\/newsroom\/news-and-articles\/syphilis-declared-cdins"},{"issue":"21","key":"3497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13212690","volume":"13","author":"MN Berger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Berger, M. N., Cassidy-Matthews, C., Farag, M. W. A., Davies, C., Bopage, R. I., & Sawleshwarkar, S. (2025). Mpox-related stigma among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: A narrative review. Healthcare, 13(21), 2690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13212690","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"2","key":"3497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51864","volume":"218","author":"A Carter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carter, A., McManus, H., Ward, J. S., Vickers, T., Asselin, J., Baillie, G., Chow, E. P., Chen, M. Y., Fairley, C. K., Bourne, C., McNulty, A., Read, P., Heath, K., Ryder, N., McCloskey, J., Carmody, C., McCormack, H., Alexander, K., Casey, D., & Guy, R. J. (2023). Infectious syphilis in women and heterosexual men in major Australian cities: Sentinel surveillance data, 2011\u20132019. Medical Journal of Australia, 218(5), 223\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.51864","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"3497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000002279","volume":"53","author":"AB Cope","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cope, A. B., Mobley, V., Samoff, E., Matthias, J., Danforth, B., Rahman, M., Diesel, J., Kent, J. B., Convery, C., Pugsley, R., Klingler, E. J., Lewis, F. M. T., Madera, R., Sankaran, M., Nguyen, T. Q., & Davis, N. L. (2026). Trends in syphilis partner services outcomes among women in 8 US jurisdictions, 2015\u20132022. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 53, 209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000002279","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"3497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000261725.79965.af","volume":"34","author":"C D\u00edaz-olavarrieta","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-olavarrieta, C., Garc\u00eda, S. G., Feldman, B. S., Polis, A. M., Revollo, R., Tinajeros, F., & Grossman, D. (2007). Maternal syphilis and intimate partner violence in Bolivia: A gender-based analysis of implications for partner notification and universal screening. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 34(7), S42\u2013S46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.olq.0000261725.79965.af","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"3497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaf609","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf609","volume":"12","author":"JM Flores","year":"2025","unstructured":"Flores, J. M., Dewey, A., Palama, B. K., Ahn, Y. W., & Bartlett, A. H. (2025). Increased reporting of infants born with congenital syphilis to a local department of public health: A quality improvement project. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 12(10), ofaf609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf609","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"3497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.107623","volume":"91","author":"GB Gomez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomez, G. B., Kamb, M. L., Newman, L. M., Mark, J., Broutet, N., & Hawkes, S. J. (2013). Untreated maternal syphilis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(3), 217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.12.107623","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i23a02","volume":"47","author":"J Gratrix","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gratrix, J., Karwacki, J., Eagle, L., Rathjen, L., Singh, A., Chu, A., & Smyczek, P. (2022). Outcomes of infectious syphilis in pregnant patients and maternal factors associated with congenital syphilis diagnosis, Alberta, 2017\u20132020. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 47(2\u20133), 61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14745\/ccdr.v48i23a02","journal-title":"Canada Communicable Disease Report"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52388","volume":"221","author":"B Hengel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hengel, B., McManus, H., Monaghan, R., Mak, D. B., Bright, A., Tolosa, X., Mitchell, K., Anderson, L., Thomas, J. R., Ryder, N., Causer, L., Guy, R. J., & McGregor, S. (2024). Notification rates for syphilis in women of reproductive age and congenital syphilis in Australia, 2011\u20132021: A retrospective cohort analysis of national notifications data. Medical Journal of Australia, 221(4), 201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.52388","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"22","key":"3497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6922a1","volume":"69","author":"A Kimball","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kimball, A., Torrone, E., Miele, K., Bachmann, L., Thorpe, P., Weinstock, H., & Bowen, V. (2020). Missed opportunities for prevention of congenital syphilis\u2014United States, 2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(22), 661\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6922a1","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"3497_CR12","unstructured":"King, J., Kwon, J., Gray, R., McManus, H., & McGregor, S. (2025). HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual surveillance report 2025. The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney. https:\/\/www.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/research\/reports\/asr2025"},{"issue":"10","key":"3497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2910.230432","volume":"29","author":"H MacKenzie","year":"2023","unstructured":"MacKenzie, H., McEvoy, S. P., & Ford, T. J. (2023). Managing risk for congenital syphilis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(10), 2093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2910.230432","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"46","key":"3497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7246e1","volume":"72","author":"R McDonald","year":"2023","unstructured":"McDonald, R., O\u2019Callaghan, K., Torrone, E., Barbee, L., Grey, J., Jackson, D., Woodworth, K., Olsen, E., Ludovic, J., Mayes, N., Chen, S., Wingard, R., Johnson Jones, M., Drame, F., Bachmann, L., Romaguera, R., & Mena, L. (2023). Vital signs: Missed opportunities for preventing congenital syphilis\u2014United States, 2022. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 72(46), 1269\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7246e1","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"3497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6989","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.22.s1.6989","volume":"22","author":"C Montag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Montag, C., Flores, J., Kasal, N., Dawdani, A., Montgomery, J., Zimmer, D., Ridgway, J., & Schneider, J. (2024). Understanding barriers to congenital syphilis prevention and care through provider and patient perspectives. Annals of Family Medicine, 22, 6989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.22.s1.6989","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"3497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/RRN.S428322","volume":"13","author":"A Moore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moore, A., Freyne, B., & Nourse, C. (2023). The global crisis of congenital syphilis: Vulnerable and disenfranchised women most at risk. Research and Reports in Neonatology, 13, 65\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRN.S428322","journal-title":"Research and Reports in Neonatology"},{"key":"3497_CR17","unstructured":"NHS England. (2025). Managing syphilis infection in pregnancy. UK Government. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/syphilis-managing-infection-in-pregnancy\/managing-syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy?utm_source=chatgpt.com"},{"key":"3497_CR18","unstructured":"NSW Health. (2022). NSW sexually transmissible infections strategy 2022\u20132026. https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/sexualhealth\/Pages\/nsw-sti-strategy.aspx"},{"key":"3497_CR19","unstructured":"NSW Health. (2024). NSW Sexually Transmissible Infections Data Report: January to December 2024. https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/Infectious\/Reports\/Pages\/sti-reports.aspx"},{"issue":"12","key":"3497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002473","volume":"14","author":"S Nurse-Findlay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nurse-Findlay, S., Taylor, M. M., Savage, M., Mello, M. B., Saliyou, S., Lavayen, M., Seghers, F., Campbell, M. L., Birgirimana, F., Ouedraogo, L., Newman Owiredu, M., Kidula, N., & Pyne-Mercier, L. (2017). Shortages of benzathine penicillin for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: An evaluation from multi-country surveys and stakeholder interviews. PLOS Medicine, 14(12), e1002473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002473","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-2-184","volume":"16","author":"F Nyatsanza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nyatsanza, F., & Tipple, C. (2016). Syphilis: Presentations in general medicine. Clinical Medicine, 16(2), 184\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-2-184","journal-title":"Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"3497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","volume":"89","author":"BC O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.175349","volume":"100","author":"R Paneth-Pollak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paneth-Pollak, R., Schillinger, J. A., Borrelli, J. M., Handel, S., Pathela, P., & Blank, A. S. (2010). Using STD electronic medical record data to drive public health program decisions in New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 100(4), 586\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.175349","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14156","volume":"12","author":"TA Peterman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peterman, T. A., & Furness, B. W. (2015). Public health interventions to control syphilis. Sexual Health, 12(2), 126\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SH14156","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3497_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000958","volume":"72","author":"MM Philbin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Philbin, M. M., Tanner, A. E., DuVal, A., Ellen, J. M., Xu, J., Kapogiannis, B., Bethel, J., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2016). HIV testing, care referral, and linkage to care intervals affect time to engagement in care for newly diagnosed HIV-infected adolescents in 15 adolescent medicine clinics in the United States. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 72(2), 222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000958","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"3497_CR26","unstructured":"Public Health Ontario. (2025). Public health approaches for women and pregnant people with syphilis. https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/-\/media\/Documents\/S\/25\/syphilis-public-health-women-pregnant-people.pdf?rev=56fb59ca930d461897ae8cb5465d4f48&sc_lang=en"},{"key":"3497_CR27","unstructured":"QSR International. (n.d.). About NVivo. Retrieved https:\/\/help-nv.qsrinternational.com\/20\/win\/Content\/about-nvivo\/about-nvivo.htm"},{"key":"3497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8237","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.70351","volume":"82","author":"S Sawleshwarkar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sawleshwarkar, S., Homer, C. S. E., Dietz, C., & Davidson, P. M. (2026). Syphilis: A need for renewed focus and attention across health systems. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 82, 8237\u20138240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.70351","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"50","key":"3497_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1367","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.191075","volume":"191","author":"AE Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, A. E. (2019). How to address the resurgence of syphilis in Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 191(50), E1367\u2013E1368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.191075","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"3497_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofae490","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae490","volume":"11","author":"KA Stanford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stanford, K. A., Mason, J., Friedman, E., Hazra, A., Augustine, E., & Schneider, J. (2024). An opt-out emergency department screening intervention leads to major increases in diagnosis of syphilis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 11(9), ofae490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae490","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"3497_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15510-4","volume":"23","author":"Y-T Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao, Y.-T., Gao, T.-Y., Li, H.-Y., Ma, Y.-T., Li, H.-J., Xian-Yu, C.-Y., Deng, N.-J., & Zhang, C. (2023). Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: The 2019 global burden of disease study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15510-4","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3497_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522698","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1522698","volume":"12","author":"A Tetteh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tetteh, A., & Moore, V. (2025). The rise of congenital syphilis in Canada: Threats and opportunities. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1522698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1522698","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1071\/SH22053","volume":"19","author":"M Traeger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Traeger, M., & Stoov\u00e9, M. (2022). Why risk matters for STI control: Who are those at greatest risk and how are they identified? Sexual Health, 19(4), 265\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SH22053","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"3497_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00221-7","volume":"9","author":"M Tsuboi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsuboi, M., Evans, J., Davies, E. P., Rowley, J., Korenromp, E. L., Clayton, T., Taylor, M. M., Mabey, D., & Chico, R. M. (2021). Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: A global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000\u201320. The Lancet Global Health, 9(8), e1110\u2013e1118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00221-7","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"3497_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70092-X","volume":"10","author":"JD Tucker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tucker, J. D., Bu, J., Brown, L. B., Yin, Y.-P., Chen, X.-S., & Cohen, M. S. (2010). Accelerating worldwide syphilis screening through rapid testing: A systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10(6), 381\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70092-X","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"3497_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04883-w","volume":"22","author":"JA Wagman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagman, J. A., Park, E., Giarratano, G. P., Buekens, P. M., & Harville, E. W. (2022). Understanding perinatal patient\u2019s health preferences and patient-provider relationships to prevent congenital syphilis in California and Louisiana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-04883-w","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3497_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","volume":"70","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 70(4), 1\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"3497_CR38","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (n.d.). Mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. Retrieved https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/stis\/prevention\/mother-to-child-transmission-of-syphilis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3497_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009408","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009408","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Guy, R., Camara, H., Applegate, T. L., Wiseman, V., Treloar, C., & Lafferty, L. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to HIV and syphilis rapid diagnostic testing in antenatal care settings in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 7(11), e009408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009408","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:30:50Z","timestamp":1790083850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03497-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the WSLHD Human Research Ethics Committee (ref: 2024\/ETH01493).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}