{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:50:49Z","timestamp":1791481849042,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and the Swedish Ministry of Employment through the Children\u2019s Welfare Foundation Sweden","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zavdj36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dr. Margaretha Nilssons Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003186","name":"Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Karolinska Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056d84691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Problematic pornography use (PPU) is the most common manifestation of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD). Many adults seeking help for CSBD report onset during adolescence, yet there is limited knowledge of PPU in adolescents and its predisposing factors. This study investigated the prevalence of self-perceived PPU among Swedish adolescents and explored associated factors as well as pornography use patterns. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a representative sample of 3106 Swedish third-year senior high school students. Information on sociodemographic background, pornography use, sexual behaviors, health, and experiences of abuse was collected. PPU was based on self-reported difficulties in refraining from or stopping pornography use. Gender-stratified descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships between groups and variables. PPU was reported by 10.4% of respondents, with a higher prevalence among boys (18.8%) compared to girls (3.9%). It was associated with increased time spent on pornography and higher exposure to violent or other concerning sexual content. Compared to the reference group, adolescents with PPU exhibited higher rates of abusive experiences, mental health issues, risky behaviors, and nonsuicidal self-injury. Gender-specific patterns emerged. PPU is a significant issue among Swedish adolescents, particularly boys. Addressing concerns related to pornography use, underlying vulnerabilities and gender-specific factors is crucial to prevent the progression of PPU into adulthood and in treatment efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:01:18Z","timestamp":1791478878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Problematic Pornography Use Among Swedish Adolescents: Characteristics and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6361-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Piwowar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Bladh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Landberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl G\u00f6ran","family":"Svedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Savard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ecaf.12611","volume":"44","author":"FN Andersson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andersson, F. N., & Jonung, L. (2024). The Covid-19 lesson from Sweden: Don\u2019t lock down. Economic Affairs, 44(1), 3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecaf.12611","journal-title":"Economic Affairs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3544_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-021-00383-7","volume":"8","author":"S Antons","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antons, S., & Brand, M. (2021). Diagnostic and classification considerations related to compulsive sexual behavior disorder and problematic pornography use. Current Addiction Reports, 8(3), 452\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-021-00383-7","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"3544_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/26929953.2023.2220003","volume":"30","author":"S Antons","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antons, S., B\u00fcsche, K., Mallon, L., Wolf, O. T., Diers, M., & Brand, M. (2023). Stress susceptibility, affective responses toward acute stressors and emotion regulation strategies in the context of problematic pornography use. Sexual Health & Compulsivity, 30(3), 231\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26929953.2023.2220003","journal-title":"Sexual Health & Compulsivity"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9514-x","volume":"38","author":"J Bjureberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bjureberg, J., Lj\u00f3tsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. G., Bj\u00e4rehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Gumpert, C. H., & Gratz, K. L. (2016). Development and validation of a brief version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(2), 284\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-015-9514-x","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"3544_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16431","volume":"119","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2024","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., Nagy, L., Ko\u00f3s, M., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., International Sex Survey Consortium, & Kraus, S. W. (2024a). Problematic pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations: Insights from the international sex survey and comparison of different assessment tools. Addiction, 119(5), 928\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16431","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00034","volume":"9","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., Potenza, M. N., Griffiths, M. D., Kraus, S. W., Klein, V., Fuss, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020). The development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19): An ICD-11 based screening measure across three languages. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 247\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00034","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"3","key":"3544_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1291798","volume":"55","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly, I., Zsila, \u00c1., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). The development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 395\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2017.1291798","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"3544_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000913","volume":"133","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2024","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Bergeron, S., Hermann, Z., Ivaskevics, K., Kraus, S. W., & Grubbs, J. B. (2024b). Uncovering the most robust predictors of problematic pornography use: A large-scale machine learning study across 16 countries. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 133(6), 489\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000913","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"3544_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000722","volume":"35","author":"B B\u0151the","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u0151the, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Dion, J., \u0160tulhofer, A., & Bergeron, S. (2021). Validity and reliability of the short version of the problematic pornography consumption scale (PPCS-6-A) in adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35(4), 486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000722","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"3544_CR10","volume-title":"Trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC) professional manual","author":"J Briere","year":"1996","unstructured":"Briere, J. (1996). Trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"issue":"3","key":"3544_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00060","volume":"11","author":"P Briken","year":"2022","unstructured":"Briken, P., Wiessner, C., \u0160tulhofer, A., Klein, V., Fu\u00df, J., Reed, G. M., & Dekker, A. (2022). Who feels affected by \u201cout of control\u201d sexual behavior? Prevalence and correlates of indicators for ICD-11 compulsive sexual behavior disorder in the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 900\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2022.00060","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"3544_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-023-01061-7","author":"J Castro-Calvo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Castro-Calvo, J., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda, C., Garc\u00eda-Barba, M., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2024). Natural course of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB): A 1-year follow-up study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 22, 3970\u20133990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-023-01061-7","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.027","volume":"6","author":"A Chatzittofis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chatzittofis, A., Savard, J., Arver, S., \u00d6berg, K. G., Hallberg, J., Nordstr\u00f6m, P., & Jokinen, J. (2017). Interpersonal violence, early life adversity, and suicidal behavior in hypersexual men. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 187\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.6.2017.027","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"5","key":"3544_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000714","volume":"36","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, L., Jiang, X., Luo, X., Kraus, S. W., & B\u0151the, B. (2022). The role of impaired control in screening problematic pornography use: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in a large help-seeking male sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 537\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000714","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02084-8","volume":"51","author":"M Donevan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donevan, M., Jonsson, L., Bladh, M., Priebe, G., Fredlund, C., & Svedin, C. G. (2022). Adolescents\u2019 use of pornography: Trends over a ten-year period in Sweden. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 1125\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02084-8","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0326-9","volume":"45","author":"SM Doornwaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doornwaard, S. M., Van Den Eijnden, R. J., Baams, L., Vanwesenbeeck, I., & Ter Bogt, T. F. (2016). Lower psychological well-being and excessive sexual interest predict symptoms of compulsive use of sexually explicit internet material among adolescent boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-015-0326-9","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"issue":"7","key":"3544_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2018.1452088","volume":"44","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Efrati, Y. (2018). Adolescent compulsive sexual behavior: Is it a unique psychological phenomenon? Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(7), 687\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2018.1452088","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"key":"3544_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00300-4","volume":"7","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Efrati, Y. (2020). Problematic and non-problematic pornography use and compulsive sexual behaviors among understudied populations: Children and adolescents. Current Addiction Reports, 7, 68\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-020-00300-4","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"key":"3544_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-023-10359-8","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Efrati, Y. (2023). Compulsive sexual behavior in adolescents: The roles of personality, attachment orientations, cognitive mechanisms, and psychopathology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47, 469\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-023-10359-8","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"3544_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106874","volume":"118","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Efrati, Y., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2021). Adolescents who solely engage in online sexual experiences are at higher risk for compulsive sexual behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 118, Article 106874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106874","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"3544_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-018-0143-8","volume":"10","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Efrati, Y., & Gola, M. (2018a). Treating compulsive sexual behavior. Current Sexual Health Reports, 10, 57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11930-018-0143-8","journal-title":"Current Sexual Health Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"3544_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.100","volume":"7","author":"Y Efrati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Efrati, Y., & Gola, M. (2018b). Understanding and predicting profiles of compulsive sexual behavior among adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1004\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.100","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.16","volume":"8","author":"J Engel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engel, J., Kessler, A., Veit, M., Sinke, C., Heitland, I., Kneer, J., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2019a). Hypersexual behavior in a large online sample: Individual characteristics and signs of coercive sexual behavior. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 213\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.16","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020157","volume":"8","author":"J Engel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engel, J., Veit, M., Sinke, C., Heitland, I., Kneer, J., Hillemacher, T., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2019b). Same same but different: A clinical characterization of men with hypersexual disorder in the Sex@Brain Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8020157","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1248-x","volume":"48","author":"JB Grubbs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019). Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: An integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(2), 397\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-018-1248-x","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04370-8","volume":"22","author":"D Jepsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jepsen, D., & Brzank, P. J. (2022). Hypersexual behaviour among young adults in Germany: Characteristics and personality correlates. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-04370-8","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3544_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0873-5","volume":"46","author":"DA Kingston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kingston, D. A., Graham, F. J., & Knight, R. A. (2017). Relations between self-reported adverse events in childhood and hypersexuality in adult male sexual offenders. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(3), 707\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-016-0873-5","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20499","volume":"17","author":"SW Kraus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20499","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-8993-y","volume":"35","author":"N L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","unstructured":"L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m, N., & Hanson, R. K. (2006). High rates of sexual behavior in the general population: Correlates and predictors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(1), 37\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-006-8993-y","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.10.003","volume":"8","author":"M Lew-Starowicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lew-Starowicz, M., Lewczuk, K., Nowakowska, I., Kraus, S., & Gola, M. (2020). Compulsive sexual behavior and dysregulation of emotion. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 8(2), 191\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.10.003","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"3544_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.009","volume":"32","author":"D Nilsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nilsson, D., Wadsby, M., & Svedin, C. G. (2008). The psychometric properties of the trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC) in a sample of Swedish children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(6), 627\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"3544_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1143441","volume":"53","author":"J Peter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and pornography: A review of 20 years of research. Journal of Sex Research, 53(4\u20135), 509\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2016.1143441","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017504","volume":"136","author":"JL Petersen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality, 1993\u20132007. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 21\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017504","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"11","key":"3544_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x","volume":"9","author":"RC Reid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., Hook, J. N., Garos, S., Manning, J. C., Gilliland, R., Cooper, E. B., McKittrick, H., Davtian, M., & Fong, T. (2012). Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 2868\u20132877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"3544_CR35","unstructured":"Skolverket. (2024). Curriculum for compulsory school, preschool class and school-age educare. https:\/\/www.skolverket.se\/sok-publikationer\/publikationsserier\/styrdokument\/2024\/curriculum-for-compulsory-school-preschool-class-and-school-age-educare---lgr22"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00298-9","volume":"7","author":"MN Slavin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slavin, M. N., Scoglio, A. A., Blycker, G. R., Potenza, M. N., & Kraus, S. W. (2020). Child sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behavior: A systematic literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 7(1), 76\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-020-00298-9","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"key":"3544_CR37","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen. (2018). Nationella riktlinjer f\u00f6r prevention och behandling vid oh\u00e4lsosamma levnadsvanor (Dnr 14373\/2015) [The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare\u2019s National Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits]."},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2020.1765940","volume":"32","author":"A \u0160tulhofer","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0160tulhofer, A., Rousseau, A., & Shekarchi, R. (2020). A two-wave assessment of the structure and stability of self-reported problematic pornography use among male Croatian adolescents. International Journal of Sexual Health, 32(2), 151\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19317611.2020.1765940","journal-title":"International Journal of Sexual Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"3544_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01992-x","volume":"32","author":"CG Svedin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Svedin, C. G., Donevan, M., Bladh, M., Priebe, G., Fredlund, C., & Jonsson, L. S. (2023). Associations between adolescents watching pornography and poor mental health in three Swedish surveys. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1765\u20131780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01992-x","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"3544_CR39","unstructured":"Svedin, C. G., Landberg, \u00c5., & Jonsson, L. (2021). Unga, sex och internet efter #metoo \u2013 om ungdomars sexualitet och utsatthet f\u00f6r sexuella \u00f6vergrepp och sexuell exploatering i Sverige 2020\/2021 [Young people, sex and the internet after #metoo \u2013 on young people\u2019s sexuality and vulnerability to sexual abuse and sexual exploitation in Sweden 2020\/2021]. Stiftelsen Allm\u00e4nna Barnhuset."},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00469-4","volume":"10","author":"G Testa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Testa, G., Mestre-Bach, G., Chiclana Actis, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2023). Problematic pornography use in adolescents: From prevention to intervention. Current Addiction Reports, 10(2), 210\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-023-00469-4","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"3544_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/19585969.2022.2134739","volume":"24","author":"D Turner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turner, D., Briken, P., Grubbs, J., Malandain, L., Mestre-Bach, G., Potenza, M. N., & Thibaut, F. (2022). The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Guidelines on the Assessment and Pharmacological Treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 24(1), 10\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19585969.2022.2134739","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"3544_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30439-8","volume":"12","author":"BA van der Kolk","year":"1989","unstructured":"van der Kolk, B. A. (1989). The compulsion to repeat the trauma: Re-enactment, revictimization, and masochism. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(2), 389\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30439-8","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"3544_CR44","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. Retrieved December, 2023, from https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en#\/http:\/\/id.who.int\/icd\/entity\/1630268048"},{"issue":"8","key":"3544_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-00380-w","volume":"33","author":"F Zattoni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zattoni, F., G\u00fcl, M., Soligo, M., Morlacco, A., Motterle, G., Collavino, J., Barneschi, A. C., Moschini, M., & Moro, F. D. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pornography habits: A global analysis of Google Trends. International Journal of Impotence Research, 33(8), 824\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41443-020-00380-w","journal-title":"International Journal of Impotence Research"},{"key":"3544_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.05.013","volume":"265","author":"M Zetterqvist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zetterqvist, M., Svedin, C. G., Fredlund, C., Priebe, G., Wadsby, M., & Jonsson, L. S. (2018). Self-reported nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and sex as self-injury (SASI): Relationship to abuse, risk behaviors, trauma symptoms, self-esteem and attachment. Psychiatry Research, 265, 309\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.05.013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:01:20Z","timestamp":1791478880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["3544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-026-03544-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2019-05013-31, 2020-03611, 2020-06556). Participants gave informed consent and received written information about the purpose of the study, that it was voluntary and anonymous, together with a list of recommendations on where to receive further help and support in case the questions evoked unpleasant feelings about past experiences. According to national legislation, informed consent from legal guardians was not required since all participants were older than 15\u00a0years.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent to participate in the study and publish the data was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}