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We examined the association between marital\/living status and BA over time using the-Swedish-Adoption\/Twin-Study-of-Aging (SATSA) cohort. Four BAs were analyzed: telomere length (TL) (638 individuals; 1603 measurements), DNAmAge (535 individuals; 1392 measurements), cognition (823 individuals; 3218 measurements), and frailty index (FI) (1828 individuals; 9502 measurements). Individuals were born between 1900 and 1948, and data on marital\/living status, BAs, and covariates were collected through nine waves of questionnaires and in-person testing from 1986 to 2014. Mixed linear regression with random effects at twin-pair and individual levels were used to assess BA changes for constant marital\/living status. Conditional generalized estimating equation assessed within-individual BA changes for varying marital\/living status. Results showed that individuals who were consistently unmarried\/non-cohabiting (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.291, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.189\u20130.393) or living alone (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.203, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.090\u20130.316) were more frail, and experienced accelerated frailty (p-for-interaction with age\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for marital status; p-for-interaction\u2009=\u20090.002 for living status) and cognitive decline (p-for-interaction\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), compared to those married\/cohabiting or living with someone Among individuals whose marital\/living status changed, frailty was higher when living alone (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.089, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.017\u20130.162) and frailty accelerated when they became unmarried\/non-cohabiting or were living alone (p-for-interaction\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cognitive decline also accelerated when living alone (p-for-interaction\u2009=\u20090.020). No associations were observed for TL and DNAmAge. In conclusion, being unmarried\/non-cohabiting or living alone from mid-to-old age is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and frailty. These findings highlight the potential importance of social support networks and living arrangements for healthy ageing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-024-10171-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T12:24:24Z","timestamp":1736339064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Marital and living status and biological ageing trajectories: a longitudinal cohort study with a 20-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Weiyao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juulia","family":"Jylh\u00e4v\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"H\u00e4gg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100995","volume":"8","author":"K Berglund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berglund K, Reynolds CA, Ploner A, Gerritsen L, Hovatta I, Pedersen NL, Hagg S (2016) Longitudinal decline of leukocyte telomere length in old age and the association with sex and genetic risk. 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