{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:57:24Z","timestamp":1781153844564,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"by Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["174-MCS-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["174-MCS-2023"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["11-MCS-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11-MCS-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biogerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1775712513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metformin promotes healthspan by attenuating frailty and preserving musculoskeletal function\u2013structure in middle-aged mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Armando","family":"Morales-Carrizales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Garza-Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria de Jesus","family":"Loera-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aracely","family":"Garcia-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0486-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Rodriguez-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10427_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0708061","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043970","volume":"141","author":"OO Adebayo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adebayo OO, Holyoak DT, van der Meulen MCH (2019) Mechanobiological mechanisms of load-induced osteoarthritis in the mouse knee. J Biomech Eng 141(7):0708061\u201307080610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4043970","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10427_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health. Accessed 22 July 2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10427_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24783","volume":"60","author":"KD Allen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen KD, Griffin TM, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Kraus VB, Huebner JL et al (2009) Decreased physical function and increased pain sensitivity in mice deficient for type IX collagen. Arthritis Rheum 60(9):2684\u20132693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24783","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10427_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2025.01.021","volume":"104","author":"E Atasever","year":"2025","unstructured":"Atasever E, Atayik MC, \u00c7akatay U (2025) Senotherapeutics: milestones, innovations, and future prospects. Adv Pharmacol 104:1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apha.2025.01.021","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"10427_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420924956","volume":"6","author":"D Baskaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baskaran D, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Ferri-Guerra J, Milyani R, Florez H, Ruiz JG (2020) Is there an association between Metformin exposure and frailty? Gerontol Geriatr Med 6:2333721420924956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333721420924956","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10427_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155419850099","volume":"67","author":"K Bogoevski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bogoevski K, Woloszyk A, Blackwood K, Woodruff MA, Glatt V (2019) Tissue morphology and antigenicity in mouse and rat tibia: comparing 12 different decalcification conditions. J Histochem Cytochem 67(8):545\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1369\/0022155419850099","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10427_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.716993","volume":"13","author":"L Broom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Broom L, Stephen J, Nayar V, VanderHorst VG (2021) Shifts in gait signatures mark the end of lifespan in mice, with sex differences in timing. Front Aging Neurosci 13:716993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.716993","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10427_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073553","author":"A Chandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandra A, Rajawat J (2021) Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073553","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10427_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71360","volume":"12","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Gan D, Lin S, Zhong Y, Chen M, Zou X et al (2022) Metformin in aging and aging-related diseases: clinical applications and relevant mechanisms. Theranostics 12(6):2722\u20132740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.71360","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"10267","key":"10427_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","volume":"396","author":"A Cieza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T (2021) Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396(10267):2006\u20132017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7795","key":"10427_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1911-y","volume":"578","author":"AP Coll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coll AP, Chen M, Taskar P, Rimmington D, Patel S, Tadross JA et al (2020) GDF15 mediates the effects of metformin on body weight and energy balance. Nature 578(7795):444\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1911-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10427_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/2610","author":"RM Deacon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deacon RM (2013) Measuring the strength of mice. J vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2610","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10427_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S009","volume":"49","author":"Diabetes, A. D. A. P. P. C. f.","year":"2026","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2026) 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care 49(Supplement_1):S183\u2013S215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc26-S009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10427_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.642908","volume":"12","author":"X Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong X, Hui T, Chen J, Yu Z, Ren D, Zou S et al (2021) Metformin increases sarcolemma integrity and ameliorates neuromuscular deficits in a murine model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Physiol 12:642908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.642908","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.006","volume":"27","author":"NS Fedarko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fedarko NS (2011) The biology of aging and frailty. Clin Geriatr Med 27(1):27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.006","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10427_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.148","volume":"12","author":"SR Goldring","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldring SR, Goldring MB (2016) Changes in the osteochondral unit during osteoarthritis: structure, function and cartilage-bone crosstalk. Nat Rev Rheumatol 12(11):632\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.148","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10427_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00099-3","volume":"1","author":"SE Howlett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Howlett SE, Rutenberg AD, Rockwood K (2021) The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. Nat Aging 1(8):651\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-021-00099-3","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2754","volume":"11","author":"E Jazin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jazin E, Cahill L (2010) Sex differences in molecular neuroscience: from fruit flies to humans. Nat Rev Neurosci 11(1):9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2754","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10427_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5813030","author":"EK Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim EK, Lee SH, Jhun JY, Byun JK, Jeong JH, Lee SY et al (2016) Metformin prevents fatty liver and improves balance of white\/brown adipose in an obesity mouse model by inducing FGF21. Mediators Inflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/5813030","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","volume":"32","author":"AS Kulkarni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kulkarni AS, Gubbi S, Barzilai N (2020) Benefits of metformin in attenuating the hallmarks of aging. Cell Metab 32(1):15\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","volume":"99","author":"L Larsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W et al (2019) Sarcopenia: aging-related loss of muscle mass and function. Physiol Rev 99(1):427\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10427_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac039","volume":"77","author":"DG Le Couteur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le Couteur DG, Thillainadesan J (2022) What is an aging-related disease? An epidemiological perspective. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 77(11):2168\u20132174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glac039","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2752-4","volume":"20","author":"M Locquet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Locquet M, Beaudart C, Durieux N, Reginster JY, Bruy\u00e8re O (2019) Relationship between the changes over time of bone mass and muscle health in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1):429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2752-4","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10427_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166508","volume":"1868","author":"Q Lyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu Q, Wen Y, He B, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Y et al (2022) The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1868(11):166508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166508","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10427_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3192","volume":"4","author":"A Martin-Montalvo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin-Montalvo A, Mercken EM, Mitchell SJ, Palacios HH, Mote PL, Scheibye-Knudsen M et al (2013) Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice. Nat Commun 4:2192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3192","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10427_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0183-6","volume":"21","author":"D Melzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melzer D, Pilling LC, Ferrucci L (2020) The genetics of human ageing. Nat Rev Genet 21(2):88\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41576-019-0183-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10427_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2019.03.003","volume":"180","author":"MS O\u2019Brien","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MS, McDougall JJ (2019) Age and frailty as risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. Mech Ageing Dev 180:21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mad.2019.03.003","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10427_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158451","author":"AK Palmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palmer AK, Jensen MD (2022) Metabolic changes in aging humans: current evidence and therapeutic strategies. J Clin Invest. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI158451","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10427_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd6020019","author":"JL Rodgers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodgers JL, Jones J, Bolleddu SI, Vanthenapalli S, Rodgers LE, Shah K et al (2019) Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd6020019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-1542-x","volume":"15","author":"C Shahrdar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahrdar C, McLean J, Gianulis E, Softic D, Qin X, Moore MA et al (2020) Clinical outcome and explant histology after using a cellular bone allograft in two-stage total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res 15(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-020-1542-x","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10427_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00692-2","author":"X Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen X, Wang C, Zhou X, Zhou W, Hornburg D, Wu S et al (2024) Nonlinear dynamics of multi-omics profiles during human aging. Nat Aging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-024-00692-2","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"10427_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85714","author":"F Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song F, Lee WD, Marmo T, Ji X, Song C, Liao X et al (2023) Osteoblast-intrinsic defect in glucose metabolism impairs bone formation in type II diabetic male mice. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.85714","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10427_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1428.03617","author":"T Sousa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sousa T, M. C, R. G, W. O, L. H, E. S et al (2018) Polyurethane derived from Ricinus Communis as graft for bone defect treatments. Pol\u00edmeros. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0104-1428.03617","journal-title":"Pol\u00edmeros"},{"key":"10427_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/59027","author":"H Sugimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sugimoto H, Kawakami K (2019) Low-cost protocol of footprint analysis and hanging box test for mice applied the chronic restraint stress. J vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/59027","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"key":"10427_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51785","DOI":"10.3791\/51785","volume":"91","author":"KS Tatem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tatem KS, Quinn JL, Phadke A, Yu Q, Gordish-Dressman H, Nagaraju K (2014) Behavioral and locomotor measurements using an open field activity monitoring system for skeletal muscle diseases. J vis Exp 91:51785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/51785","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2337\/cd21-0043","volume":"40","author":"IH Vieira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vieira IH, Barros LM, Baptista CF, Rodrigues DM, Paiva IM (2022) Recommendations for Practical Use of Metformin, a Central Pharmacological Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 40(1):97\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/cd21-0043","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73503-4","volume":"10","author":"VT von Kortzfleisch","year":"2020","unstructured":"von Kortzfleisch VT, Karp NA, Palme R, Kaiser S, Sachser N, Richter SH (2020) Improving reproducibility in animal research by splitting the study population into several \u2018mini-experiments.\u2019 Sci Rep 10(1):16579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73503-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10427_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0831","volume":"14","author":"S Wakale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wakale S, Wu X, Sonar Y, Sun A, Fan X, Crawford R et al (2023) How are aging and osteoarthritis related? Aging Dis 14(3):592\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2022.0831","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10427_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt136","volume":"69","author":"JC Whitehead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitehead JC, Hildebrand BA, Sun M, Rockwood MR, Rose RA, Rockwood K et al (2014) A clinical frailty index in aging mice: comparisons with frailty index data in humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 69(6):621\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt136","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10427_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-018-0939-7","volume":"37","author":"Z Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan Z, Zhu S, Tian X, Ye Z, Zhai D, Zhu Z et al (2019) Metformin protects bone mass in ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis by regulating osteocyte secretion. J Bone Miner Metab 37(3):399\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00774-018-0939-7","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03225-y","volume":"17","author":"J Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan J, Feng G, Ma L, Chen Z, Jin Q (2022) Metformin alleviates osteoarthritis in mice by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis and improving subchondral osteosclerosis and angiogenesis. J Orthop Surg Res 17(1):333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-022-03225-y","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10427_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1480-x","volume":"11","author":"Y Yousuf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousuf Y, Datu A, Barnes B, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG (2020) Metformin alleviates muscle wasting post-thermal injury by increasing Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 11(1):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1480-x","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10427_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2023043","volume":"55","author":"L Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng L, Shen X, Xie Y, Lian H, Yan S, Wang S (2023) Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation and prevents hyperglycaemia-induced osteoporosis by suppressing PPAR\u03b3 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 55(3):394\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/abbs.2023043","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"}],"container-title":["Biogerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:02:36Z","timestamp":1781150556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10427-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5729","1573-6768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5729","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the Mexican Official Standard \u201cNOM-062-ZOO-1999\u201d and the ethical guidelines set forth by the Institutional Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (CICUAL). The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (approval number HT25-00003).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors utilized ChatGPT, an AI language model, and Grammarly, a digital writing assistant, to improve the clarity, grammar, and overall flow of the text. All content was subsequently reviewed and edited by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-Assisted technologies in the writing process"}}],"article-number":"81"}}