{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:26:26Z","timestamp":1793834786970,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biogerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1790049339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue-specific aging clocks map structured aging-modulatory drug-score patterns across 49 human tissue and cell-line categories"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10512_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.019","volume":"23","author":"SN Austad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Austad SN, Fischer KE (2016) Sex differences in lifespan. Cell Metab 23(6):1022\u20131033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10512_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.011","volume":"23","author":"N Barzilai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barzilai N, Crandall JP, Kritchevsky SB et al (2016) Metformin as a tool to target aging. Cell Metab 23(6):1060\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10512_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B 57(1):289\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"issue":"19","key":"10512_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8048","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102355","volume":"11","author":"MV Blagosklonny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blagosklonny MV (2019) Rapamycin for longevity: opinion article. Aging (Albany NY) 11(19):8048\u20138067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.102355","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10512_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-019-0018-6","volume":"1","author":"SM Corsello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corsello SM, Nagari RT, Spangler RD et al (2020) Discovering the anticancer potential of non-oncology drugs by systematic viability profiling. Nat Cancer 1(2):235\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43018-019-0018-6","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"10512_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02540-7","volume":"22","author":"JM Dempster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dempster JM, Boyle I, Vazquez F et al (2021) Chronos: a cell population dynamics model of CRISPR experiments that improves inference of gene fitness effects. Genome Biol 22:343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-021-02540-7","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10512_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1677-1","volume":"71","author":"D Ehninger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ehninger D, Neff F, Xie K (2014) Longevity, aging and rapamycin. Cell Mol Life Sci 71(22):4325\u20134346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-014-1677-1","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"6509","key":"10512_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1776","volume":"369","author":"GTEx Consortium","year":"2020","unstructured":"GTEx Consortium (2020) The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues. Science 369(6509):1318\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaz1776","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10512_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","volume":"49","author":"G Hannum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hannum G, Guinney J, Zhao L et al (2013) Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates. Mol Cell 49(2):359\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10512_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","volume":"14","author":"S Horvath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horvath S (2013) DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol 14:3156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10512_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046","volume":"21","author":"J Jylh\u00e4v\u00e4","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jylh\u00e4v\u00e4 J, Pedersen NL, H\u00e4gg S (2017) Biological age predictors. EBioMedicine 21:29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10512_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","volume":"16","author":"SL Klein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klein SL, Flanagan KL (2016) Sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 16(10):626\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2016.90","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10512_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","volume":"44","author":"MV Kuleshov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuleshov MV, Jones MR, Rouillard AD et al (2016) Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update. Nucleic Acids Res 44(W1):W90\u2013W97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5795","key":"10512_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132939","volume":"313","author":"J Lamb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lamb J, Crawford ED, Peck D et al (2006) The connectivity map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease. Science 313(5795):1929\u20131935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1132939","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10512_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0673-2","volume":"25","author":"B Lehallier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lehallier B, Gate D, Schaum N et al (2019) Undulating changes in human plasma proteome profiles across the lifespan. Nat Med 25(12):1843\u20131850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0673-2","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10512_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","volume":"10","author":"ME Levine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A et al (2018) An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 10(4):573\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.101414","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10512_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684","volume":"11","author":"AT Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu AT, Quach A, Wilson JG et al (2019) DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 11(2):303\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.101684","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"7990","key":"10512_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06802-1","volume":"624","author":"HS-H Oh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh HS-H, Rutledge J, Nachun D et al (2023) Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease. Nature 624(7990):164\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06802-1","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10512_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168","volume":"18","author":"S Pushpakom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pushpakom S, Iorio F, Eyers PA et al (2019) Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and recommendations. Nat Rev Drug Discov 18(1):41\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd.2018.168","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10512_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-023-10089-0","volume":"25","author":"SIS Rattan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rattan SIS (2024) Seven knowledge gaps in modern biogerontology. Biogerontology 25(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-023-10089-0","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10512_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.049","volume":"171","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Narayan R, Corsello SM et al (2017) A next generation connectivity map: L1000 platform and the first 1,000,000 profiles. Cell 171(6):1437-1452.e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.049","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7817","key":"10512_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2496-1","volume":"583","author":"Tabula Muris Consortium","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tabula Muris Consortium (2020) A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes ageing tissues in the mouse. Nature 583(7817):590\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2496-1","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10512_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01964-4","volume":"48","author":"A Talay","year":"2026","unstructured":"Talay A, Belikov AV, To PKP et al (2026) Open problems in ageing science: a roadmap for biogerontology. GeroScience 48(3):3351\u20133360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01964-4","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10512_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.010","volume":"170","author":"A Tsherniak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsherniak A, Vazquez F, Montgomery PG et al (2017) Defining a cancer dependency map. Cell 170(3):564-576.e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10512_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91","volume":"7","author":"S Varma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varma S, Simon R (2006) Bias in error estimation when using cross-validation for model selection. BMC Bioinformatics 7:91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10512_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00832.x","volume":"11","author":"JE Wilkinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilkinson JE, Burmeister L, Brooks SV et al (2012) Rapamycin slows aging in mice. Aging Cell 11(4):675\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00832.x","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10512_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x","volume":"67","author":"H Zou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zou H, Hastie T (2005) Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 67(2):301\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"}],"container-title":["Biogerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:07:04Z","timestamp":1793833624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-026-10512-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5729","1573-6768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5729","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"163"}}