{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:28:19Z","timestamp":1793899699488,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnol Lett"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:15:55Z","timestamp":1788952555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unlocking the molecular engineering of Geobacillus glycoside hydrolases as a source of industrial biocatalysts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5650-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassina","family":"Bendjaballah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Amine","family":"Gomri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.794304","volume":"9","author":"SB Ajeje","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H (2021) Thermostable cellulases \/ xylanases from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms: current perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9:794304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.794304","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"3781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200600033","volume":"1","author":"Z Al-Qodah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Qodah Z (2006) Production and characterization of thermostable \u03b1-amylase by thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Biotechnol J 1(7\u20138):850\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.200600033","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2016.09.004","volume":"39","author":"H Aliyu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aliyu H, Lebre P, Blom J, Cowan D, De Maayer P (2016) Phylogenomic re-assessment of the thermophilic genus Geobacillus. Syst Appl Microbiol 39(8):527\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.syapm.2016.09.004","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01258-x","volume":"64","author":"M Arya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arya M, Chauhan G, Fatima T, Verma D, Sharma M (2024) Statistical modelling of thermostable cellulase production conditions of thermophilic Geobacillus sp. TP-1 isolated from Tapovan hot springs of the Garhwal Himalayan mountain ranges, India. Indian J Microbiol 64(3):1132\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-024-01258-x","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4540","volume":"13","author":"TJ Ashaolu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ashaolu TJ, Malik T, Soni R, Prieto MA, Jafari SM (2025) Extremophilic microorganisms as a source of emerging enzymes for the food industry: a review. Food Sci Nutr 13(1):e4540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.4540","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3781_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129227","volume":"259","author":"E Ashcroft","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashcroft E, Munoz-Munoz J (2024) A review of the principles and biotechnological applications of glycoside hydrolases from extreme environments. Int J Biol Macromol 259:129227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129227","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3781_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04893-6","volume":"46","author":"F Ay Sal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ay Sal F, Colak DN, Guler HI, Canakci S, Belduz AO (2019) Biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable feruloyl esterase from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 2542(T). Mol Biol Rep 46(4):4385\u20134395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-019-04893-6","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3781_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2279","volume":"22","author":"N Balasco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balasco N, Esposito L, Simone AD, Vitagliano L (2013) Role of loops connecting secondary structure elements in the stabilization of proteins isolated from thermophilic organisms. Protein Sci 22(7):1016\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.2279","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"3781_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07944-11","volume":"78","author":"J Bartosiak-Jentys","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartosiak-Jentys J, Eley K, Leak DJ (2012) Application of pheB as a reporter gene for Geobacillus spp., enabling qualitative colony screening and quantitative analysis of promoter strength. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(16):5945\u20135947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.07944-11","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3781_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134751","author":"A Basit","year":"2026","unstructured":"Basit A, Manzoor S, Zhang R, Wang J, Zheng F (2026) Structure-function relationships and industrial integration of extremophilic xylanases for sustainable xylo-oligosaccharide production. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.134751","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-021-03512-0","volume":"193","author":"SG Baykara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baykara SG, S\u00fcrmeli Y, \u015eanl\u0131-Mohamed G (2021) Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable serine protease from Geobacillus sp. GS53. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193(5):1574\u20131584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-021-03512-0","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"3781_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00723","volume":"7","author":"OK Bezuidt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bezuidt OK, Pierneef R, Gomri AM, Adesioye F, Makhalanyane TP, Kharroub K, Cowan DA (2016) The Geobacillus pan-genome: implications for the evolution of the genus. Front Microbiol 7:723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00723","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3781_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.03.112","volume":"165","author":"A Bhalla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhalla A, Bischoff KM, Uppugundla N, Balan V, Sani RK (2014) Novel thermostable endo-xylanase cloned and expressed from bacterium Geobacillus sp. WSUCF1. Bioresour Technol 165:314\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.03.112","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"3781_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-019-0276-2","author":"N Bhardwaj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P (2019) A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. Bioresour Bioprocess. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40643-019-0276-2","journal-title":"Bioresour Bioprocess"},{"key":"3781_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.02.093","volume":"155","author":"M Bibra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bibra M, Rathinam NK, Johnson GR, Sani RK (2020) Single pot biovalorization of food waste to ethanol by Geobacillus and Thermoanaerobacter spp. Renew Energy 155:1032\u20131041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2020.02.093","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"issue":"15","key":"3781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-5746-z","volume":"98","author":"K Blanchard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blanchard K, Robic S, Matsumura I (2014) Transformable facultative thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus NUB3621 as a host strain for metabolic engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98(15):6715\u20136723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-014-5746-z","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3781_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00430","volume":"6","author":"PJ Brumm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brumm PJ, De Maayer P, Mead DA, Cowan DA (2015) Genomic analysis of six new Geobacillus strains reveals highly conserved carbohydrate degradation architectures and strategies. Front Microbiol 6:430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00430","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1047-x","volume":"17","author":"SA Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess SA, Flint SH, Lindsay D, Cox MP, Biggs PJ (2017) Insights into the Geobacillus stearothermophilus species based on phylogenomic principles. BMC Microbiol 17(1):140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-017-1047-x","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"3781_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.171","volume":"164","author":"T Burhano\u011flu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burhano\u011flu T, S\u00fcrmeli Y, \u015eanl\u0131-Mohamed G (2020) Identification and characterization of novel thermostable \u03b1-amylase from Geobacillus sp. GS33. Int J Biol Macromol 164:578\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.171","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3781_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-018-0186-3","author":"M\u00c1 Cabrera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cabrera M\u00c1, Blamey JM (2018) Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments. Biol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40659-018-0186-3","journal-title":"Biol Res"},{"key":"3781_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2026.108804","author":"Y Cao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cao Y, Huang C, Wei L, Gu Z, Li Z, Li C, Tian Y, Li D, Hong Y, Cheng L (2026) Integrated rational design and chemical modification for enhanced catalytic efficiency of Gt-GBE from Geobacillus thermoglucosidans. Food Biosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbio.2026.108804","journal-title":"Food Biosci"},{"key":"3781_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbag236","author":"MN Chasapi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chasapi MN, Kontis N, Lehmann R, Tasneem R, Patel NS, Khan SA, Mart\u00ednez de Morentin X, Chasapi IN, Aplakidou E, Galaras A, Aldakheel L, Su M, Baltoumas FA, Venkateswaran K, Lagani V, G\u00f3mez-Cabrero D, Tegn\u00e9r J, Pavlopoulos GA, Soares Rosado A (2026) Decoding extremophiles: insights from bioinformatics, machine learning and data-driven approaches. Brief Bioinform. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbag236","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-617","volume":"91","author":"W Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen W, Chen H, Xia Y, Zhao J, Tian F, Zhang H (2008) Production, purification, and characterization of a potential thermostable galactosidase for milk lactose hydrolysis from Bacillus stearothermophilus. J Dairy Sci 91(5):1751\u20131758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2007-617","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"3781_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11208","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c17470","volume":"74","author":"H Chi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chi H, Zhu X, Xia B, Shen J, Jiang Q, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P (2026) Structure-guided design unlocks the coupled improvement of thermostability and activity in lipoxygenase. J Agric Food Chem 74(13):11208\u201311220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c17470","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"3781_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-024-01919-7","volume":"68","author":"XK Chia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chia XK, Hadibarata T, Jusoh MNH, Sutiknowati LI, Tan IS, Foo HCY (2025) Role of extremophiles in biodegradation of emerging pollutants. Top Catal 68(9):965\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11244-024-01919-7","journal-title":"Top Catal"},{"key":"3781_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnad071","author":"M Chuvochina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil P-A, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P (2023) Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the genome taxonomy database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiology Letters. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnad071","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-018-0453-y","volume":"18","author":"MJ Daas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daas MJ, Nijsse B, van de Weijer AH, Groenendaal BW, Janssen F, van der Oost J, van Kranenburg R (2018) Engineering Geobacillus thermodenitrificans to introduce cellulolytic activity; expression of native and heterologous cellulase genes. BMC Biotechnol 18(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12896-018-0453-y","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3781_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1045","volume":"50","author":"E Drula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Drula E, Garron ML, Dogan S, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Terrapon N (2022) The carbohydrate-active enzyme database: functions and literature. Nucleic Acids Res 50(D1):D571-d577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab1045","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3781_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12726","volume":"10","author":"IS Druzhinina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Druzhinina IS, Kubicek CP (2017) Genetic engineering of Trichoderma reesei cellulases and their production. Microb Biotechnol 10(6):1485\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.12726","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"3781_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2021.07.003","volume":"53","author":"R Elemosho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elemosho R, Suwanto A, Thenawidjaja M (2021) Extracellular expression in Bacillus subtilis of a thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus lipase. Electron J Biotechnol 53:71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejbt.2021.07.003","journal-title":"Electron J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.2142","volume":"15","author":"RG Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira RG, Azzoni AR, Freitas S (2021) On the production cost of lignocellulose\u2010degrading enzymes. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 15(1):85\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bbb.2142","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-023-00379-7","volume":"10","author":"I Finore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Finore I, Leone L, Gioiello A, Romano I, Cangemi S, Mazzei P, Piccolo A, Cattaneo A, Nicolaus B, Kambourova M (2023) Compost-derived thermophilic microorganisms producing glycoside hydrolase activities as new potential biocatalysts for sustainable processes. Chem Biol Technol Agric 10(1):9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40538-023-00379-7","journal-title":"Chem Biol Technol Agric"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13655.x","volume":"176","author":"O Fridjonsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fridjonsson O, Watzlawick H, Gehweiler A, Mattes R (1999) Thermostable \u03b1-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NUB3621: cloning, sequencing and characterization. FEMS Microbiol Lett 176(1):147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13655.x","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.56.01.18.5448","volume":"56","author":"Y Gai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gai Y, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhu B, Zhang D (2018) Property improvement of \u03b1-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus by deletion of Amino acid residues arginine 179 and glycine 180. Food Technol Biotechnol. 56(1):58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17113\/ftb.56.01.18.5448","journal-title":"Food Technol Biotechnol."},{"key":"3781_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/529059","volume":"2015","author":"S Gandhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gandhi S, Salleh AB, Rahman RN, Chor LT, Oslan SN (2015) Expression and characterization of Geobacillus stearothermophilus SR74 recombinant \u03b1-amylase in Pichia pastoris. Biomed Res Int 2015:529059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/529059","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201901369","volume":"12","author":"S Gihaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gihaz S, Bash Y, Rush I, Shahar A, Pazy Y, Fishman A (2020) Bridges to stability: engineering disulfide bonds towards enhanced lipase biodiesel synthesis. ChemCatChem 12(1):181\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cctc.201901369","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"issue":"17","key":"3781_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500238q","volume":"53","author":"J Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo J, Luk LY, Loveridge EJ, Allemann RK (2014) Thermal adaptation of dihydrofolate reductase from the moderate thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Biochemistry 53(17):2855\u20132863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi500238q","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvy092","volume":"165","author":"UM Hegazy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hegazy UM, El-Khonezy MI, Shokeer A, Abdel-Ghany SS, Bassuny RI, Barakat AZ, Salama WH, Azouz RA, Fahmy AS (2019) Revealing of a novel xylose-binding site of Geobacillus stearothermophilus xylanase by directed evolution. The Journal of Biochemistry 165(2):177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jb\/mvy092","journal-title":"The Journal of Biochemistry"},{"key":"3781_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144379","volume":"315","author":"S Hekim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hekim S, Ka\u00e7\u0131ran A, Akmehmet AN, Belduz AO, Bekta\u015f K\u0130, Mamatjan Y, Canakci S (2025a) Point mutations enhance catalytic efficiency of Geobacillus stearothermophilus \u03b1-glucosidase: a biochemical characterization study. Int J Biol Macromol 315:144379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144379","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3781_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148568","author":"S Hekim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hekim S, Ka\u00e7\u0131ran A, Akmehmet AN, Belduz AO, Bekta\u015f K\u0130, Mamatjan Y, Guler HI, Canakci S (2025b) Biochemical characterization and activity enhancement of a GH13 thermostable oligo-\u03b1-1, 6-glucosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Int J Biol Macromol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148568","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3781_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1261245","volume":"14","author":"Y-T Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y-T, Hong X-Z, Li H-M, Yang J-K, Shen W, Wang Y-W, Liu Y-H (2023) Modifying the amino acids in conformational motion pathway of the \u03b1-amylase of Geobacillus stearothermophilus improved its activity and stability. Front Microbiol 14:1261245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1261245","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3781_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00941-x","volume":"15","author":"P Hugenholtz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hugenholtz P, Chuvochina M, Oren A, Parks DH, Soo RM (2021) Prokaryotic taxonomy and nomenclature in the age of big sequence data. ISME J 15(7):1879\u20131892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-021-00941-x","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"3781_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pp 1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2015.03.001","volume-title":"Advances in applied microbiology","author":"AH Hussein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussein AH, Lisowska BK, Leak DJ (2015) The genus Geobacillus and their biotechnological potential. Advances in applied microbiology, vol vol 92. Elsevier, p pp 1-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.aambs.2015.03.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201400190","volume":"55","author":"I Iqbal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iqbal I, Aftab MN, Afzal M, Ur-Rehman A, Aftab S, Zafar A, Ud-Din Z, Khuharo AR, Iqbal J, Ul-Haq I (2015) Purification and characterization of cloned alkaline protease gene of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. J Basic Microbiol 55(2):160\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.201400190","journal-title":"J Basic Microbiol"},{"key":"3781_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.151489","author":"Y Jabalera","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jabalera Y, Mar\u00edn-Pe\u00f1a AJ, Wagner E, Cosgrove DJ, Master ER, Perez-Jimenez R (2026) Exploring the binding properties and activities of ancestral expansins. Int J Biol Macromol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.151489","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01788-3","volume":"21","author":"JB Joshi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joshi JB, Priyadharshini R, Uthandi S (2022) Glycosyl hydrolase 11 (xynA) gene with xylanase activity from thermophilic bacteria isolated from thermal springs. Microb Cell Fact 21(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-022-01788-3","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"4","key":"3781_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","volume":"30","author":"K Katoh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katoh K, Standley DM (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30(4):772\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"3781_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/280696","author":"RC Kuhad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhad RC, Gupta R, Singh A (2011) Microbial cellulases and their industrial applications. Enzyme Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4061\/2011\/280696","journal-title":"Enzyme Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3781_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-024-03792-9","volume":"81","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A, Bhanja Dey T, Mishra AK, Meena KR, Mohapatra HS, Kuhad RC (2024) Optimization and characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from a new obligate thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans AKNT10 and its application in saccharification of wheat bran. Curr Microbiol 81(9):287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-024-03792-9","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"3781_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12805-9","volume":"107","author":"R Kurashiki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurashiki R, Koyama K, Sakaguchi Y, Okumura Y, Ohshiro T, Suzuki H (2023) Development of a thermophilic host\u2013vector system for the production of recombinant proteins at elevated temperatures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107(24):7475\u20137488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12805-9","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3781_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2024.101784","volume":"39","author":"DC Kurniawan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kurniawan DC, Rohman MS, Witasari LD (2024) Heterologous expression, characterization, and application of recombinant thermostable \u03b1-amylase from Geobacillus sp. DS3 for porous starch production. Biochem Biophys Rep. 39:101784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrep.2024.101784","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep."},{"key":"3781_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020466","author":"R Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai R, Lin M, Yan Y, Jiang S, Zhou Z, Wang J (2023) Comparative genomic analysis of a thermophilic protease-producing strain Geobacillus stearothermophilus H6. Genes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14020466","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-018-1005-9","volume":"17","author":"PH Lebre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebre PH, Aliyu H, De Maayer P, Cowan DA (2018) In silico characterization of the global Geobacillus and Parageobacillus secretome. Microb Cell Fact 17(1):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-018-1005-9","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"3781_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2026.110736","author":"W Lee","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lee W, Hino T, Fujii K, Tanimoto S, Naka R, Hara K, Okamoto T, Okazaki F, Nagano S, Ohshiro T (2026) Structural and biochemical characterization of a GH5_22 enzyme from the seaweed-derived thermophile Geobacillus thermodenitrificans OS27. Arch Biochem Biophys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2026.110736","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"W1","key":"3781_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","volume":"52","author":"I Letunic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P (2024) Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v6: recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool. Nucleic Acids Res 52(W1):W78\u2013W82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"47","key":"3781_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13791","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04798","volume":"68","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Ban X, Zhang Y, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Tang X, Li Z (2020) Rational design of disulfide bonds for enhancing the thermostability of the 1,4-\u03b1-glucan branching enzyme from Geobacillus thermoglucosidans STB02. J Agric Food Chem 68(47):13791\u201313797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04798","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"3781_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00570-16","volume":"82","author":"GL Lipscomb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lipscomb GL, Conway JM, Blumer-Schuette SE, Kelly RM, Adams MWW (2016) A highly thermostable kanamycin resistance marker expands the tool kit for genetic manipulation of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Appl Environ Microbiol 82(14):4421\u20134428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00570-16","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3781_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.55","volume":"1","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Zhang Y, Fan G, Sun D, Zhang X, Yu Z, Wang J, Wu L, Shi W, Ma J (2022) IPGA: a handy integrated prokaryotes genome and pan-genome analysis web service. Imeta 1(4):e55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/imt2.55","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"key":"3781_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.130164","volume":"393","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Han X, Tao F, Xu P (2024) Metabolic engineering of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius for polymer-grade lactic acid production at high temperature. Bioresource Technol 393:130164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.130164","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3781_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15091555","volume":"15","author":"G Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu G, Montalb\u00e1n-L\u00f3pez M, Wei D, Wang L, Wu X, Li X, Mu D (2026) \u03b1-Amylase: its structure, molecular modification, and application in the food field. Foods 15(9):1555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15091555","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"3781_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0329-6_5","volume-title":"Extremophiles in Eurasian ecosystems: ecology, diversity, and applications","author":"A Margaryan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Margaryan A, Shahinyan G, Hovhannisyan P, Panosyan H, Birkeland N-K, Trchounian A (2018) Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus spp. from terrestrial geothermal springs worldwide: diversity and biotechnological applications. In: Egamberdieva D, Birkeland N-K, Panosyan H, Li W-J (eds) Extremophiles in Eurasian ecosystems: ecology, diversity, and applications. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 119\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-0329-6_5"},{"issue":"9","key":"3781_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-015-2772-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Mazola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazola Y, Guirola O, Palomares S, Chinea G, Men\u00e9ndez C, Hern\u00e1ndez L, Musacchio A (2015) A comparative molecular dynamics study of thermophilic and mesophilic \u03b2-fructosidase enzymes. J Mol Model 21(9):228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00894-015-2772-4","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"key":"3781_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2025.106720","volume":"231","author":"VS de Melo","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Melo VS, Gomes BM, Gaziri T, Tamarozzi ER, Chambergo FS (2025) Biochemical characterization and molecular dynamics study of a thermostable endo-1, 5-\u03b1-arabinanase. Protein Expr Purif 231:106720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pep.2025.106720","journal-title":"Protein Expr Purif"},{"key":"3781_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.132015","volume":"419","author":"Q Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng Q, Abraham B, Hu J, Jiang Y (2025) Cutting-edge advances in strain and process engineering for boosting cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei. Bioresource Technol 419:132015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.132015","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","volume":"37","author":"BQ Minh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minh BQ, Schmidt HA, Chernomor O, Schrempf D, Woodhams MD, Von Haeseler A, Lanfear R (2020) IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol Biol Evol 37(5):1530\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-018-0969-9","volume":"17","author":"M Miyano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miyano M, Tanaka K, Ishikawa S, Mori K, Miguel-Arribas A, Meijer WJJ, Yoshida K-I (2018) A novel method for transforming the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus kaustophilus. Microb Cell Fact 17(1):127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-018-0969-9","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"3781_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6943952","author":"BT Mohammad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammad BT, Al Daghistani HI, Jaouani A, Abdel-Latif S, Kennes C (2017) Isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria from Jordanian hot springs: Bacillus licheniformis and Thermomonas hydrothermalis isolates as potential producers of thermostable enzymes. Int J Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6943952","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3781_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000945","volume":"166","author":"IN Najar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Najar IN, Thakur N (2020) A systematic review of the genera Geobacillus and Parageobacillus: their evolution, current taxonomic status and major applications. Microbiology (Reading) 166(9):800\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.000945","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98392-3","volume":"15","author":"IN Najar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Najar IN, Sharma P, Das R, Mondal K, Singh AK, Radha A, Sharma V, Sharma S, Thakur N, Gandhi SG, Kumar V (2025) Unveiling the probiotic potential of the genus Geobacillus through comparative genomics and in silico analysis. Sci Rep 15(1):33748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-98392-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2001.00849.x","volume":"32","author":"S Narang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Narang S, Satyanarayana T (2001) Thermostable \u03b1-amylase production by an extreme thermophile Bacillus thermooleovorans. Lett Appl Microbiol 32(1):31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2001.00849.x","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3781_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180147","volume":"15","author":"I Narumi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Narumi I, Nakayama N, Nakamoto S, Kimura T, Yanagisawa T, Kihara H (1993) Construction of a new shuttle vector pSTE33 and its stabilities in Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 15(8):815\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00180147","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-2-433","volume":"51","author":"T Nazina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nazina T, Tourova T, Poltaraus A, Novikova E, Grigoryan A, Ivanova A, Lysenko A, Petrunyaka V, Osipov G, Belyaev S (2001) Taxonomic study of aerobic thermophilic bacilli: descriptions of Geobacillus subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Geobacillus uzenensis sp. nov. from petroleum reservoirs and transfer of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus thermoleovorans, Bacillus kaustophilus, Bacillus thermodenitrificans to Geobacillus as the new combinations G. stearothermophilus, G. th. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51(2):433\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-51-2-433","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3781_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-009-0228-4","volume":"13","author":"I-S Ng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ng I-S, Li C-W, Yeh Y-F, Chen PT, Chir J-L, Ma C-H, Yu S-M, Ho T-hD, Tong C-G (2009) A novel endo-glucanase from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 70PC53 with high activity and stability over a broad range of temperatures. Extremophiles 13(3):425\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00792-009-0228-4","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"issue":"4","key":"3781_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.01.012","volume":"116","author":"C Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen C, Young JT, Slade GG, Oliveira RJ, McCully ME (2019) A dynamic hydrophobic core and surface salt bridges thermostabilize a designed three-helix bundle. Biophys J 116(4):621\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.01.012","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5176\/2251-2489_BioTech14.26","volume":"3","author":"SN Oslan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oslan SN, Salleh AB, Rahman R, Leow TC, Basri M (2014) Pichia pastoris as a host to overexpress the thermostable T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae. GSTF International Journal on Bioformatics & Biotechnology (JBio) 3(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5176\/2251-2489_BioTech14.26","journal-title":"GSTF International Journal on Bioformatics & Biotechnology (JBio)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.04.041","volume":"152","author":"S \u00d6zdemir","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir S, Kilinc E, Poli A, Nicolaus B, G\u00fcven K (2009) Biosorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn and Zn from aqueous solutions by thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus toebii sub. sp. decanicus and Geobacillus thermoleovorans sub. sp. stromboliensis: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 152(1):195\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2009.04.041","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"3781_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2024.03.001","volume":"83","author":"M Paredes-Barrada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paredes-Barrada M, Kopsiaftis P, Claassens NJ, van Kranenburg R (2024) Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius as an emerging thermophilic cell factory. Metab Eng 83:39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymben.2024.03.001","journal-title":"Metab Eng"},{"key":"3781_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006528","author":"I Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel I, Bello S, Gupta RS (2024) Phylogenomic and molecular marker based studies to clarify the evolutionary relationships amongst Anoxybacillus species and demarcation of the family Anoxybacillaceae and some of its constituent genera. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.006528","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3781_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00714-09","volume":"75","author":"G Placier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Placier G, Watzlawick H, Rabiller C, Mattes R (2009) Evolved \u03b2-galactosidases from Geobacillus stearothermophilus with improved transgalactosylation yield for galacto-oligosaccharide production. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(19):6312\u20136321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00714-09","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21215","volume":"66","author":"RS Prajapati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prajapati RS, Das M, Sreeramulu S, Sirajuddin M, Srinivasan S, Krishnamurthy V, Ranjani R, Ramakrishnan C, Varadarajan R (2007) Thermodynamic effects of proline introduction on protein stability. Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform 66(2):480\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prot.21215","journal-title":"Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-016-0578-4","volume":"56","author":"I Priya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Priya I, Dhar MK, Bajaj BK, Koul S, Vakhlu J (2016) Cellulolytic activity of thermophilic bacilli isolated from Tattapani Hot Spring sediment in North West Himalayas. Indian J Microbiol 56(2):228\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-016-0578-4","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"3781_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jimb\/kuaf036","volume":"53","author":"D Rao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rao D, Wang C, Li X, Shen W, Liu Q, Li Z, Pi S, Han Z, Yang J (2026) Synergistic strategies for high production of Geobacillus stearothermophilus \u03b1-amylase in Bacillus subtilis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 53:kuaf036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimb\/kuaf036","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3781_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2009.09.006","volume":"144","author":"N Rastgoo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rastgoo N, Sadeghizadeh M, Bambaei B, Hosseinkhani S (2009) Restoring 3\u2032\u20135\u2032 exonuclease activity of thermophilic Geobacillus DNA polymerase I using site-directed mutagenesis in active site. J Biotechnol 144(4):245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2009.09.006","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3781_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-019-01673-7","volume":"13","author":"K Reichenberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reichenberger K, Luz A, Seitl I, Fischer L (2020) Determination of the direct activity of the maltogenic amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus in white bread. Food Anal Methods 13(2):496\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12161-019-01673-7","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"3781_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10242422.2026.2628034","author":"N Saini","year":"2026","unstructured":"Saini N, Chot E, Rawat G, Gupta GK, Dixit M, Shukla P (2026) Innovative enzyme engineering strategies for xylanases: perspectives and applications. Biocatal Biotransform. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10242422.2026.2628034","journal-title":"Biocatal Biotransform"},{"issue":"16","key":"3781_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14162775","volume":"14","author":"M Salvador","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salvador M, Cond\u00f3n S, Gay\u00e1n E (2025) Parageobacillus and Geobacillus spp.: from food spoilage to beneficial food applications. Foods 14(16):2775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14162775","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"3781_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214310","author":"F Salzano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salzano F, Aulitto M, Fiorentino G, Pedone E, Contursi P, Limauro D (2022) Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 as a novel source of glycosyl hydrolases: characterization of a new thermophilic \u03b2-xylosidase tolerant to monosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232214310","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3781_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070847","volume":"14","author":"F Sepe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sepe F, Costanzo E, Ionata E, Marcolongo L (2025) Biotechnological potential of extremophiles: environmental solutions, challenges, and advancements. Biology (Basel) 14(7):847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14070847","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1021\/bi048059w","volume":"44","author":"D Shallom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shallom D, Leon M, Bravman T, Ben-David A, Zaide G, Belakhov V, Shoham G, Schomburg D, Baasov T, Shoham Y (2005) Biochemical characterization and identification of the catalytic residues of a family 43 \u03b2-d-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6. Biochemistry 44(1):387\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi048059w","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"3781_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.181.12.3695-3704.1999","volume":"181","author":"S Shulami","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shulami S, Gat O, Sonenshein AL, Shoham Y (1999) The glucuronic acid utilization gene cluster from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6. J Bacteriol 181(12):3695\u20133704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.181.12.3695-3704.1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"15","key":"3781_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42596","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20455-z","volume":"30","author":"N Siddharthan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siddharthan N, Balagurunathan R, Venkatesan S, Hemalatha N (2023) Bio-efficacy of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS41 against larvicidal, fungicidal, and plant growth\u2013promoting activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 30(15):42596\u201342607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-20455-z","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"3781_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126055","volume":"249","author":"M Slavi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slavi\u0107 M, Koji\u0107 M, Margeti\u0107 A, Stanisavljevi\u0107 N, Gardijan L, Bo\u017ei\u0107 N, Vuj\u010di\u0107 Z (2023) Highly stable and versatile \u03b1-amylase from Anoxybacillus vranjensis ST4 suitable for various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 249:126055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126055","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3781_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.08.071","volume":"70","author":"N Sood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sood N, Lal B (2008) Isolation and characterization of a potential paraffin-wax degrading thermophilic bacterial strain Geobacillus kaustophilus TERI NSM for application in oil wells with paraffin deposition problems. Chemosphere 70(8):1445\u20131451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.08.071","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy012","volume":"42","author":"CT Straub","year":"2018","unstructured":"Straub CT, Counts JA, Nguyen DM, Wu C-H, Zeldes BM, Crosby JR, Conway JM, Otten JK, Lipscomb GL, Schut GJ (2018) Biotechnology of extremely thermophilic archaea. FEMS Microbiol Rev 42(5):543\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuy012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"21","key":"3781_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6292","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh970","volume":"32","author":"H Takami","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takami H, Takaki Y, Chee G-J, Nishi S, Shimamura S, Suzuki H, Matsui S, Uchiyama I (2004) Thermoadaptation trait revealed by the genome sequence of thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus. Nucleic Acids Res 32(21):6292\u20136303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkh970","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-018-0690-4","volume":"8","author":"S Thankappan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thankappan S, Kandasamy S, Joshi B, Sorokina KN, Taran OP, Uthandi S (2018) Bioprospecting thermophilic glycosyl hydrolases, from hot springs of Himachal Pradesh, for biomass valorization. AMB Express 8(1):168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-018-0690-4","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451.2025.2471448","volume":"42","author":"SK Vishwakarma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vishwakarma SK, Patil A, Verma A, Kaintura M, Arya M (2025) Comparative assessment of live and dead thermophilic bacterial isolates of surya kund hot spring, yamunotri for the bioremediation of Cu2+. Geomicrobiol J 42(5):420\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01490451.2025.2471448","journal-title":"Geomicrobiol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"3781_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss152","volume":"29","author":"T Warnecke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Warnecke T (2012) Loss of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system among the Aquificales. Mol Biol Evol 29(11):3485\u20133495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/mss152","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3781_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg609","volume":"31","author":"R Wernersson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wernersson R, Pedersen AG (2003) RevTrans: multiple alignment of coding DNA from aligned amino acid sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 31(13):3537\u20133539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkg609","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3781_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-025-03647-8","volume":"47","author":"LD Witasari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Witasari LD, Cahyono LB, Kurniawan DC, Utomo RY, Cahyanto MN, Rohman MS, Prijambada ID (2025) Molecular cloning and modelling of a thermostable \u03b1-amylase from a thermophilic Geobacillus sp. DS3. Biotechnol Lett 47(5):108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-025-03647-8","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"3781_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10825","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16480","volume":"102","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Shabbir MAB, Sattar A, Peng D, Tao Y, Chen D, Wang Y, Yuan Z (2019) A microbiological inhibition method for the rapid, broad-spectrum, and high-throughput screening of 34 antibiotic residues in milk. J Dairy Sci 102(12):10825\u201310837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-16480","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3781_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-04840-1","volume":"42","author":"S Ya\u015far Y\u0131ld\u0131z","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ya\u015far Y\u0131ld\u0131z S, Finore I, Ceylan B, Uma\u00e7 D, Kasavi C, Finore G, Federico A, Nizzolino F, Leone L, Poli A (2026) Genomic and functional insights into the thermophilic strain Geobacillus sp. Geo 8.1: a source of thermostable xylanase for sustainable bioprocesses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 42(3):103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-026-04840-1","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3781_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioresourbioprod2010004","volume":"2","author":"MK Yeboah","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yeboah MK, S\u00f6ffker D (2026) Consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass: a review of experimental advances and modeling approaches. Bioresour Bioprod 2(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioresourbioprod2010004","journal-title":"Bioresour Bioprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"3781_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal10080851","volume":"10","author":"DF Yusoff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusoff DF, Raja Abd Rahman RNZ, Masomian M, Ali MSM, Leow TC (2020) Newly isolated alkane hydroxylase and lipase producing Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus species involved in crude oil degradation. Catalysts 10(8):851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/catal10080851","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3781_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.071696-0","volume":"160","author":"DR Zeigler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zeigler DR (2014) The Geobacillus paradox: why is a thermophilic bacterial genus so prevalent on a mesophilic planet? Microbiology (Reading) 160(Pt 1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.071696-0","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"19","key":"3781_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.06.074","volume":"102","author":"C Zheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zheng C, He J, Wang Y, Wang M, Huang Z (2011) Hydrocarbon degradation and bioemulsifier production by thermophilic Geobacillus pallidus strains. Bioresour Technol 102(19):9155\u20139161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.06.074","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"W1","key":"3781_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad328","volume":"51","author":"J Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng J, Ge Q, Yan Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Yin Y (2023) dbCAN3: automated carbohydrate-active enzyme and substrate annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 51(W1):W115\u2013W121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkad328","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"48","key":"3781_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c06761","volume":"71","author":"M Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu M, Zhai W, Song R, Lin L, Wei W, Wei D (2023) Enhanced thermostability of Geobacillus stearothermophilus \u03b1-amylase by rational design of disulfide bond and application in corn starch liquefaction and bread quality improvement. J Agric Food Chem 71(48):18928\u201318942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c06761","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1793898241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-026-03781-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-5492","1573-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-5492","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"113"}}