{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:45:35Z","timestamp":1792259135649,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2025JJ50152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biodegradation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:12:28Z","timestamp":1792228348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microalgae-based removal and biodegradation of antibiotics: mechanisms, synergistic consortia, and engineering prospects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7165-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10393_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1021\/es902665n","volume":"44","author":"L Aristilde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aristilde L, Melis A, Sposito G (2010) Inhibition of photosynthesis by a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Environ Sci Technol 44(4):1444\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es902665n","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130623","volume":"279","author":"A Broccoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Broccoli A, Anselmi S, Cavallo A, Ferrari V, Prevedelli D, Pastorino P, Renzi M (2021) Ecotoxicological effects of new generation pollutants (nanoparticles, amoxicillin and white musk) on freshwater and marine phytoplankton species. Chemosphere 279:130623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130623","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10393_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130201","volume":"443","author":"MM Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao MM, Wang F, Zhou BH, Chen HL, Yuan RF, Ma S, Geng HH, Li JH, Lv WX, Wang Y, Xing BS (2023) Nanoparticles and antibiotics stress proliferated antibiotic resistance genes in microalgae-bacteria symbiotic systems. J Hazard Mater 443:130201","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140558","author":"YF Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen YF, Xuan TT, Dong MY, Liang HB, Cai GY, Xia B, Tang J, Xie ZX, Zhao XL (2025) Mechanistic insights into microalgal removal of ciprofloxacin-copper co-contaminants: extracellular polymeric substances adsorption, intracellular degradation, and combined toxicity. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140558","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118834","volume":"221","author":"Y Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu Y, Zhang C, Wang R, Chen X, Ren N, Ho SH (2022) Biotransformation of sulfamethoxazole by microalgae: removal efficiency, pathways, and mechanisms. Water Res 221:118834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118834","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10393_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.127398","author":"WC Chu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu WC, Li X, Li P, Li JJ, Wang ZQ, Zhou HZ, Yang X, Chen SX, Zhou M, Wang SJ, Zheng JX, Chen YW, Yu YD, Tan ZL (2025) Enhanced treatment of low C\/N domestic wastewater in a membrane photobioreactor: operational control of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis for synergistic pollutant and antibiotic resistance genes removal. J Environ Manage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.127398","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10393_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.143565","author":"LYX Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong LYX, Mu LL, Huang XX (2025) Exploring lipid remodeling and antioxidant responses in Chlorella pyrenoidosa exposed to streptomycin sulfate stress. Food Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.143565","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10393_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040393","author":"AC Duarte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duarte AC, Rodrigues S, Afonso A, Nogueira A, Coutinho P (2022) Antibiotic resistance in the drinking water: old and new strategies to remove antibiotics, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15040393","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10393_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.678","volume":"30","author":"I Ebert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ebert I, Bachmann J, K\u00fchnen U, K\u00fcster A, Kussatz C, Maletzki D, Schl\u00fcter C (2011) Toxicity of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to photoautotrophic aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 30(12):2786\u20132792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.678","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10393_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.128988","author":"EA Elimian","year":"2026","unstructured":"Elimian EA, Santiago GD (2026) Integrating microalgae with sludge-based processes for antibiotic removal: mechanisms, performance, and prospects for sustainable treatment. J Environ Manage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.128988","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10393_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-024-07385-x","author":"G Frascaroli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frascaroli G, Hunter C, Roberts J, Escudero A (2024a) Antibiotic removal by three promising microalgae strains: biotic, abiotic routes, and response mechanisms. Water Air Soil Pollut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-024-07385-x","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10393_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32026-5","volume":"31","author":"G Frascaroli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frascaroli G, Roberts J, Hunter C, Escudero A (2024b) Removal efficiencies of seven frequently detected antibiotics and related physiological responses in three microalgae species. Environ Sci Pollut R 31(9):14178\u201314190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-32026-5","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"10393_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138193","author":"TR Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo TR, Yue QN, Hou Y, Chen Y, Yu D, Yang G, Yu CL, Zeng YP, Feng YQ, Pu SY (2025) Unveiling the overlooked silent threat: high-throughput suspect screening of antibiotics and multidimensional heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems of megacity. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138193","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166346","author":"SF Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han SF, Jin WB, Liu SN, Hanelt D, Abomohra A (2025) Enhanced magnetic harvest of microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater using polymeric aluminum chloride nano-Fe3O4 with cost-effective nanoparticles recovery. Chem Eng J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166346","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"10393_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137717","author":"M Hejna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hejna M, Kapuscinska D, Aksmann A (2022) Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a review on eco-toxicology and the remediation potential of algae. Int J Env Res Pub He. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19137717","journal-title":"Int J Env Res Pub He"},{"issue":"12","key":"10393_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.19672\/j.cnki.1003-6504.1355.22.338","volume":"45","author":"Z Hongjuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hongjuan Z, Yae W, Jie L, Feijian M, Hao M, Kaiyao H, Shuang R (2022) Research progress on the interaction between antibiotics and microalgae. Environ Sci Technol 45(12):117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19672\/j.cnki.1003-6504.1355.22.338","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2023.107323","author":"C Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou C, Zhao J, Huang BR, Zhou XF, Zhang YL (2024) Microalgae-based technologies for carbon neutralization and pollutant remediation: a comprehensive and systematic review. Resour Conserv Recy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resconrec.2023.107323","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recy"},{"key":"10393_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142788","author":"JQ Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu JQ, Wei LX, Zeng MX, Liang HQ, Lu JF (2024) Photosensitization mechanisms and detoxification effect of extracellular organic matters and intracellular organic matters in antibiotics photodegradation: a case of Microcystis aeruginosa. J Clean Prod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142788","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10393_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.144778","author":"FY Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang FY, Zhou DF, Yan BS, Wang B, Liu F, Guan XY, Qu S (2025) Global priority antibiotics integrated with their environmental occurrence and the health risks of antibiotic resistance genes. J Clean Prod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.144778","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10393_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv2016.11.207","volume":"580","author":"T Jaclyn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaclyn T, Granek EF (2017) Effects of environmentally-relevant antibiotic mixtures on marine microalgal growth. Sci Total Environ 580:43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv2016.11.207","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10393_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.15928\/j.1674-3075.202501150005","volume":"46","author":"Z Jiahui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiahui Z, Ziqing Z, Yingying Z, Jieming L (2025) Review of the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of four types of antibiotics on algal growth. J Hydroecol 46(3):69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15928\/j.1674-3075.202501150005","journal-title":"J Hydroecol"},{"key":"10393_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58415-z","author":"MW Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang MW, Zheng J, Tang Y, Liu H, Yao YW, Zhou JF, Lin W, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhou JJ (2025) Retrievable hydrogel networks with confined microalgae for efficient antibiotic degradation and enhanced stress tolerance. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-58415-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10393_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135363","author":"YJ Jiao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jiao YJ, Liu Y, Li BY, Xiao GT, Liu GJ, Ha Y, Tian JW, Lu SJ, Mao YQ (2026) A study on the combined toxicity assessment of sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline hydrochloride in actual aquaculture wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and the mechanisms of their removal. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2026.135363","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2025.2503788","author":"SI Kayani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kayani SI, Hu XJ, Shen Q, Zou B, Zhu FF, Yu Z, Shah MAR, Rehman OU, Huo SH (2025) Transcriptional control in microalgae: co-regulated fatty acid biosynthesis and carbon dioxide fixation. Crit Rev Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07388551.2025.2503788","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"key":"10393_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-018-0879-x","author":"MI Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan MI, Shin JH, Kim JD (2018) The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products. Microb Cell Fact. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-018-0879-x","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"10393_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121985","author":"C Kiki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiki C, Rashid A, Wang YW, Li Y, Zeng QT, Yu CP, Sun Q (2020) Dissipation of antibiotics by microalgae: kinetics, identification of transformation products and pathways. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121985","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133438","author":"C Kiki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiki C, Rashid A, Zhang YQ, Li X, Chen TY, Ad\u00e9oye ABE, Peter PO, Sun Q (2022) Microalgal mediated antibiotic co-metabolism: kinetics, transformation products and pathways. Chemosphere. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133438","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10393_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128910","author":"C Kiki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiki C, Ye X, Li X, Adyari B, Hu AY, Qin D, Yu CP, Sun Q (2022) Continuous antibiotic attenuation in algal membrane photobioreactor: performance and kinetics. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128910","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"44","key":"10393_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04798","volume":"57","author":"C Kiki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiki C, Qin D, Liu L, Qiao M, Adyari B, Ifon BE, Adeoye ABE, Zhu LJ, Cui L, Sun Q (2023) Unraveling the role of microalgae in mitigating antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in photogranules treating antibiotic wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 57(44):16940\u201316952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c04798","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129628","author":"JP Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li JP, Li W, Liu K, Guo YH, Ding C, Han JA, Li PP (2022a) Global review of macrolide antibiotics in the aquatic environment: sources, occurrence, fate, ecotoxicity, and risk assessment. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129628","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2022.100145","author":"SN Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li SN, Show PL, Ngo HH, Ho SH (2022) Algae-mediated antibiotic wastewater treatment: a critical review. Environ Sci Ecotech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2022.100145","journal-title":"Environ Sci Ecotech"},{"key":"10393_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166029","author":"SN Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li SN, Li X, Chang HX, Zhong NB, Ren NQ, Ho SH (2023a) Comprehensive insights into antibiotic resistance gene migration in microalgal-bacterial consortia: mechanisms, factors, and perspectives. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166029","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159788","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Gao XX, Bao JF, Li SX, Wang X, Li ZH, Zhu LD (2023) Evaluation of growth and antioxidant responses of freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus dimorphus under exposure of moxifloxacin. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159788","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2024.106937","author":"DX Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li DX, Wang PF, Sun M, Yin JB, Li DD, Ma JJ, Yang SJ (2024a) Effects of sulfamonomethoxine and trimethoprim co-exposures at different environmentally relevant concentrations on microalgal growth and nutrient assimilation. Aquat Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2024.106937","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"10393_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.105643","author":"RY Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li RY, Gao HX, Zhao Q, Zhao MJ (2024) Interaction of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis systems with tetracycline and norfloxacin and simultaneous removal of nitrogen and antibiotics in river water. J Water Process Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.105643","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"10393_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137206","author":"SN Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li SN, Bai Y, Li ZL, Wang AJ, Ren NQ, Ho SH (2025) Overlooked role of extracellular polymeric substances in antibiotic-resistance gene transfer within microalgae-bacteria system. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137206","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1335582","author":"Y Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin Y, Li T, Zhang Y (2024) Effects of two typical quinolone antibiotics in the marine environment on Skeletonema costatum. Front Mar Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1335582","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"10393_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133577","author":"SP Lin","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lin SP, Pan MM, Ma YF, Chen ZH, Lyu T, Dong RJ, Ruan RG, Liu S (2026) Microalgae-mediated shaping of bacterial communities enhances antibiotic removal and antibiotic resistance control. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133577","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.04.064","volume":"297","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zhang J, Gao BY (2015a) Interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa and coexisting amoxicillin contaminant at different phosphorus levels. J Hazard Mater 297:83\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.04.064","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-015-2412-8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Gao BY (2015) Nitrogen-regulated interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa and spiramycin contaminant. Water Air Soil Poll. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-015-2412-8","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Poll"},{"key":"10393_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129286","author":"WH Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu WH, Huang WL, Cao ZH, Ji Y, Liu DF, Huang WW, Zhu YJ, Lei ZF (2022) Microalgae simultaneously promote antibiotic removal and antibiotic resistance genes\/bacteria attenuation in algal-bacterial granular sludge system. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129286","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-025-01804-y","author":"LDB Lopes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lopes LDB, Soares RC, de Freitas RM, Amarante DO, de Carvalho FCT, Cavalcante KMDP, de Sousa OV, de Menezes FGR (2025) Co-culture of microalgae and bacteria for the production of bioactive compounds. Ann Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13213-025-01804-y","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"key":"10393_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2023.05.001","volume":"174","author":"WW Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu WW, Xu C, Liu F, Su MR, Cheng SP, Zhang Y (2023) Antibiotic removal efficiency by microalgae: a systematic analysis combined with meta-analysis. Process Saf Environ 174:912\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2023.05.001","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112496","author":"YF Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao YF, Yu Y, Ma ZX, Li H, Yu WW, Cao L, He Q (2021) Azithromycin induces dual effects on microalgae: roles of photosynthetic damage and oxidative stress. Ecotox Environ Safe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112496","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safe"},{"key":"10393_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132487","author":"BD Mao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mao BD, Li KY, Vadiveloo A, Gu JJ, Gao F (2025) Bacterial N-acyl-homoserine lactone enhances the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by microalgae and the associated metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132487","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10393_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo00409e","volume":"8","author":"J Matos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matos J, Cardoso C, Bandarra NM, Afonso C (2017) Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review. Food Funct 8(8):2672\u20132685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7fo00409e","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10393_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112192","author":"W Michelon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michelon W, Matthiensen A, Viancelli A, Fongaro G, Gressler V, Soares HM (2022) Removal of veterinary antibiotics in swine wastewater using microalgae-based process. Environ Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112192","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10393_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100769","volume":"19","author":"SS Mohanty","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohanty SS, Mohanty K (2025) Insights into azithromycin biodegradation by freshwater microalgae Chlorella thermophila: assessing removal kinetics and co-metabolic activity. J Hazard Mater Adv 19:100769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100769","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater Adv"},{"key":"10393_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124942","author":"A Morillas-Espa\u00f1a","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morillas-Espa\u00f1a A, L\u00f3pez-Serna R, Chikri LYR, Jim\u00e9nez JJ, Lafarga T, Uggetti E, Aci\u00e9n G, Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez C (2025) Microalgae wastewater treatment: pharmaceutical removal and biomass valorization. J Environ Manage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124942","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10393_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.02.011","volume":"232","author":"ZN Norvill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norvill ZN, Toledo-Cervantes A, Blanco S, Shilton A, Guieysse B, Mu\u00f1oz R (2017) Photodegradation and sorption govern tetracycline removal during wastewater treatment in algal ponds. Bioresource Technol 232:35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.02.011","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10393_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-026-10273-2","volume":"37","author":"N Pathania","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pathania N, Kumari S, Thakur K, Kulshrestha S, Khargotra R (2026) Advancements in microalgae-mediated technologies for antibiotic removal from wastewater: a review. Biodegradation 37(2):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10273-2","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"10393_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19965\/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0382","author":"Y Peng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peng Y, Li R, Zhao Q (2026) Advances in microalgae-bacteria consortia for removal of antibiotic from wastewater. Ind Water Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19965\/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0382","journal-title":"Ind Water Treat"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10393_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.01.006","volume":"68","author":"JL Pinckney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinckney JL, Hagenbuch IM, Long RA, Lovell CR (2013) Sublethal effects of the antibiotic tylosin on estuarine benthic microalgal communities. Mar Pollut Bull 68(1\u20132):8\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.01.006","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"10393_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165234","author":"X Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi X, Chen Z, He XT, Xiong JQ (2025) Unveiling the role of tropinone reductase I in biodegradation of oxytetracycline: identifying antibiotic deactivation enzymes to enhance engineering feasibility of microalgae-based biotechnologies. Chem Eng J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165234","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10393_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20636","volume":"27","author":"H Qian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qian H, Li J, Pan X, Sun Z, Ye C, Jin G, Fu Z (2012) Effects of streptomycin on growth of algae Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa. Environ Toxicol 27(4):229\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.20636","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10393_CR56","first-page":"342","volume":"19","author":"X Qian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qian X, Fei T, Fang L, Linbao Z, Zhe Z, Haigang C (2024) New insights into growth inhibition and potential toxicological mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole on microalgae. Asian J Ecotoxicol 19(3):342\u2013352","journal-title":"Asian J Ecotoxicol"},{"key":"10393_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180543","volume":"1002","author":"R Rosato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rosato R, Castellani F, Ricci M, Manucci A, Di Simone V, Scortichini G, Saluti G (2025) Antibiotics in the aquatic environment. A deep voyage across chemical occurrence data, socio-economic relationships and international policies on antimicrobial consumption and resistance within 2014\u20132024. Sci Total Environ 1002:180543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180543","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01499-0","author":"YT Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi YT, Xu CX, Ji B, Li AJ, Zhang XY, Liu Y (2024) Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge can remove complex organics from municipal wastewater with algae-bacteria interactions. Commun Earth Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-024-01499-0","journal-title":"Commun Earth Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122249","author":"PM Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silva PM, Gon\u00e7alves P, Grande TC, Augusto PA, Barbosa D, Simoes M (2025) Innovative and high efficiency harvesting process of Chlorella vulgaris by magnetic harvesting. Environ Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122249","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10393_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132761","author":"M Sutradhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sutradhar M, Sharma RK, Dey G, Sukul U, Das K, Taharia M, Lin PY, Ali S, Wang CW, Chen CY (2025) Freshwater microalgae-mediated engineered nanoparticles: sustainable approach for heavy metals remediation. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132761","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2024.109927","volume":"281","author":"F Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang F, Liu P, Li J, Xu S, Chen H, Xie L (2024a) Effects of four antibiotics on the photosynthetic light reactions in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 281:109927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2024.109927","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10393_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134279","author":"PF Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang PF, Li DX, Sun M, Yin JB, Zheng TM (2024b) Microalgae enhanced co-metabolism of sulfamethoxazole using aquacultural feedstuff components: co-metabolic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134279","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121721","author":"WM Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang WM, Lu TH, Chen CY, Liao CM (2024) Assessing microplastics-antibiotics coexistence induced ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a water region scale. Water Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121721","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10393_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.115424","author":"JL Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang JL, Chen XN, Sun HB, Li XY, Lu Q, Qin PF, Yang Y, Lai DN, Luo L, Peng X, Yang Y, Wu ZB (2025a) Accelerated removal and mechanism of tetracycline from water using immobilized bacteria combined with microalgae. J Environ Chem Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2025.115424","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"10393_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132352","author":"ZY Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang ZY, Yuan YQ, Shi Y, Hong Y (2025) Subtleties of tetracycline removal during growth of microalgae-fungi consortia: mechanistic insights from perspectives of extra- and intracellular metabolites. Bioresour Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132352","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2026.121716","author":"Q Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang Q, Geng LL, Ma YB, Wang J, Zhang K, He J, Ren S, Sun Y, Li XL, Sun SJ, Luo Y (2026) The biotransformation and toxicity of sulfamethoxazole in phycosphere indicates potential in-situ removal of antibiotics by microalgae. J Environ Chem Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2026.121716","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"10393_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.105683","author":"J Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei J, Wang ZF, Zhao CZ, Lu B, Zhang H, Zhao YJ (2024) Enhancement of multiple antibiotics removal performance of different microalgae-based system by agricultural phytohormone and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes induction. J Water Process Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.105683","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"10393_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131994","author":"R Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao R, Tian C, Wang HJ, Zhang H, Chen H, Chou HH (2025) Two-stage continuous cultivation of microalgae overexpressing cytochrome P450 improves nitrogen and antibiotics removal from livestock and poultry wastewater. Bioresource Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131994","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.062","volume":"688","author":"P Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie P, Ho SH, Peng J, Xu XJ, Chen C, Zhang ZF, Lee DJ, Ren NQ (2019) Dual purpose microalgae-based biorefinery for treating pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues and biodiesel production. Sci Total Environ 688:253\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.062","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134324","author":"SY Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie SY, Hamid N, Zhang TT, Zhang ZJ, Peng LC (2024) Unraveling the nexus: Microplastics, antibiotics, and ARGs interactions, threats and control in aquaculture - A review. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134324","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10393_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133493","volume":"440","author":"J Xu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xu J, Wang S, Peng P, Zhang S (2026) Acetylacetone alleviates tetracycline stress in Chlorella vulgaris: detoxification mechanisms and adaptive response. Bioresour Technol 440:133493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133493","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10393_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c02801","volume":"57","author":"X Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue X, Su XY, Zhou LJ, Ji JQ, Qin ZW, Liu JL, Li KQ, Wang H, Wang ZZ (2023) Antibiotic-induced recruitment of specific algae-associated microbiome enhances the adaptability of Chlorella vulgaris to antibiotic stress and incidence of antibiotic resistance. Environ Sci Technol 57(36):13336\u201313345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c02801","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10393_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126392","author":"X Xue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xue X, Qin ZW, Gao PJ, Wang LJ, Su XY, Wu L, Wang ZZ (2025) Host-specific assembly of phycosphere microbiome and enrichment of the associated antibiotic resistance genes: integrating species of microalgae hosts, developmental stages and water contamination. Environ Pollut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126392","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10393_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100564","author":"BS Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan BS, Huang FY, Ying JL, Zhou DF, Norouzi S, Zhang XM, Wang B, Liu F (2025) Global antibiotic hotspots and risks: A One Health assessment. Environ Sci Ecotech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ese.2025.100564","journal-title":"Environ Sci Ecotech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10393_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1974657","volume":"12","author":"QL Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang QL, Gao Y, Ke J, Show PL, Ge YH, Liu YH, Guo RX, Chen JQ (2021) Antibiotics: an overview on the environmental occurrence, toxicity, degradation, and removal methods. Bioengineered (Austin) 12(1):7376\u20137416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21655979.2021.1974657","journal-title":"Bioengineered (Austin)"},{"key":"10393_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103008","author":"C Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu C, Li C, Zhang Y, Du X, Wang JH, Chi ZY, Zhang Q (2023) Effects of environment-relevant concentrations of antibiotics on seawater Chlorella sp. biofilm in artificial mariculture effluent. Algal Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103008","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"10393_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173643","author":"C Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu C, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shen MZ, Wang JH, Chi ZY (2024) Seawater Chlorella sp. biofilm for mariculture effluent polishing under environmental combined antibiotics exposure and ecological risk evaluation based on parent antibiotics and transformation products. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173643","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10393_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107496","author":"G Zachee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zachee G, Kayiranga A, Nizeyimana JC, Tian SH, Rugema J, You LL, Huang X, Su JQ (2025) Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes using microalgae-based wastewater treatment system: A bibliometric review and mechanism analysis. J Water Process Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107496","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"10393_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106299","author":"YX Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang YX, Wang JH, Lu J, Wu J (2020) Antibiotic resistance genes might serve as new indicators for wastewater contamination of coastal waters: spatial distribution and source apportionment of antibiotic resistance genes in a coastal bay. Ecol Indic. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106299","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"10393_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0692","author":"QL Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong QL, Xiong JQ (2025) A globally distributed cyanobacterial nitroreductase capable of conferring biodegradation of chloramphenicol. Research-China. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/research.0692","journal-title":"Research-China"},{"key":"10393_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121762","author":"DF Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou DF, Chen LP, Huang FY, Yan BS, Zhou ZK, Wang B, Liu F, Dong FQ, Ren D (2025) Country-level antibiotic risk assessment in the multiple environmental matrices based on decennial data. Environ Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121762","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10393_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122885","author":"YJ Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu YJ, Yao SS, Wang XX, Wang J, Cao HS, Tao Y (2025) Variable cyanobacterial death modes caused by ciprofloxacin in the aquatic environment: Prioritizing antibiotic-photosynthetic protein interactions for risk assessment. Water Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122885","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10393_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117117","author":"SZ Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou SZ, Hu RP, Liang SM, Lu T, Kang D, Li DY (2024) Assessment of health risk of antibiotics resistance genes from human disturbed habitat to wild animals: Metagenomic insights into availability and functional changes of gut microbiome. Ecotox Environ Safe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117117","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safe"}],"container-title":["Biodegradation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:02:26Z","timestamp":1792256546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10532-026-10393-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-9820","1572-9729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-9820","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"167"}}