{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1778815379041,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biometals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T07:41:29Z","timestamp":1224056489000},"page":"289-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Kottwitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Laschinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.755","volume":"24","author":"CA Albarracin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Albarracin CA, Fuqua BC, Evans JL et al (2008) Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24(1):41\u201351","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"9165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718802","volume":"17","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson RA (1998) Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 17:548\u2013555","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.6.1177","volume":"41","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson RA, Kozlovsky AS (1985) Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets. Amer J Clin Nutr 41:1177\u20131183","journal-title":"Amer J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.5.864","volume":"51","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM et al (1990) Urinary chromium excretion and insulinogenic properties of carbohydrates. Amer J Clin Nutr 51:864\u2013868","journal-title":"Amer J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(199607)9:1<11::AID-JTRA2>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"9","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM et al (1996) Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats. J Trace Elem Exp Med 9:11\u201325","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Exp Med"},{"key":"9165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1997.10718685","volume":"16","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM (1997) Lack of toxicity of chromium chloride and chromium picolinate in rats. J Am Coll Nutr 16:273\u2013279","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"9165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0996","volume":"30","author":"EM Balk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH et al (2007) Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 30(8):2154\u20132163","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"9165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/22\/1\/002","volume":"22","author":"JS Braunsfurth","year":"1977","unstructured":"Braunsfurth JS, Gabbe EE, Heinrich HC (1977) Performance parameters of the Hamburg 4 \u03c0 whole body radioactivity detector. Phys Med Biol 22:1\u201317","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"9165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2741","volume":"27","author":"WT Cefalu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cefalu WT, Hu FB (2004) Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:2741\u20132751","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"9165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(1999)12:2<71::AID-JTRA4>3.0.CO;2-8","volume":"12","author":"WT Cefalu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cefalu WT, Bell-Farrow AD, Stegner J (1999) Effect of chromium picolinate on insulin sensitivity in vivo. J Trace Elem Exp Med 12:71\u201383","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.4.2.142","volume":"4","author":"SP Clancy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clancy SP, Clarkson PM, DeCheke ME et al (1994) Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition, strength, and urinary chromium loss in football players. Int J Sport Nutr 4(2):142\u2013153","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1021\/bi963154t","volume":"36","author":"CM Davis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davis CM, Vincent JB (1997) Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Biochemistry 36:4382\u20134385","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"9165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2007.07.002","volume":"21","author":"RA DiSilvestro","year":"2007","unstructured":"DiSilvestro RA, Dy E (2007) Comparison of acute absorption of commercially available chromium supplements in humans. J Trace Elem Exp Med 21:274\u2013275","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Exp Med"},{"key":"9165_CR14","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Newer trace elements in nutrition","author":"RJ Doisy","year":"1971","unstructured":"Doisy RJ, Streeten DHP, Souma ML et al (1971) Metabolism of 51chromium in human subjects. In: Mertz W, Cornatzer WE (eds) Newer trace elements in nutrition. Dekker, New York, pp 155\u2013168"},{"key":"9165_CR15","first-page":"484","volume":"68","author":"RM Donaldson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Donaldson RM, Barreras RF (1966) Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of chromium. J Lab Clin Med 68:484\u2013493","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"9165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.8.1138","volume":"119","author":"HJ Dowling","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dowling HJ, Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX (1989) Absorption of inorganic, trivalent chromium from the vascularly perfused rat small intestine. J Nutr 119:1138\u20131145","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784589","volume":"32","author":"V Ducros","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ducros V (1992) Chromium metabolism. A literature review. Biol Trace Elem Res 32:65\u201376","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"9165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-0134(93)80003-R","volume":"49","author":"GW Evans","year":"1993","unstructured":"Evans GW, Pouchnick DJ (1993) Composition and biological activity of chromium-pyridine carboxylate complexes. J Inorg Biochem 49:177\u2013187","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(99)80028-5","volume":"13","author":"B Gammelgaard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gammelgaard B, Jensen K, Steffansen BJ (1999) In vitro metabolism and permeation studies in rat jejunum: organic chromium compared to inorganic chromium. Trace Elem Med Biol 13(1\u20132):82\u201388","journal-title":"Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"9165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07509-9","volume":"22","author":"ML Gargas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gargas ML, Norton RL, Paustenbach DJ et al (1994) Urinary excretion of chromium by humans following ingestion of chromium picolinate. Implications for biomonitoring. Drug Metab Dispos 22:522\u2013529","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"9165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1021\/tx010091t","volume":"15","author":"DD Hepburn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hepburn DD, Vincent JB (2002) In vivo distribution of chromium picolinate in rats and implications for the safety of the dietary supplement. Chem Res Toxicol 15:93\u2013100","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"9165_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1965.209.4.731","volume":"209","author":"LL Hopkins","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hopkins LL (1965) Distribution in the rat of physiological amounts of injected Cr51(III) with time. Am J Physiol 209:731\u2013735","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985847","volume":"39","author":"M Hummel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hummel M, Standl E, Schnellet O (2007) Chromium in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Horm Metab Res 39:743\u2013751","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"9165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.019","volume":"43","author":"SK Jain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jain SK, Rains JL, Croad JL (2007) Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 43:1124\u20131131","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"9165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(1999)12:2<85::AID-JTRA5>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"12","author":"KN Jeejeebhoy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jeejeebhoy KN (1999) Chromium and parenteral nutrition. J Trace Elem Exper Med 12:85\u201389","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Exper Med"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(01)00199-6","volume":"84","author":"SA Kareus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kareus SA, Kelley C, Walton HS et al (2001) Release of Cr(III) from Cr(III) picolinate upon metabolic activation. J Hazard Mater 84(2\u20133):163\u2013174","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"9165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R445","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1983.244.4.R445","volume":"244","author":"TH Lim","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lim TH, Sargent T, Kusubov N (1983) Kinetics of trace element chromium(III) in the human body. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 244:R445\u2013R454","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"9165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.82102972x","volume":"82","author":"MD Lindemann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindemann MD, Carter SD, Chiba LI et al (2004) A regional evaluation of chromium tripicolinate supplementation of diets fed to reproducing sows. J Anim Sci 82:2972\u20132977","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"9165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0254","volume":"29","author":"J Martin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martin J, Wang ZO, Zhang XH et al (2006) Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29:1826\u20131832","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"9165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.4.626","volume":"123","author":"W Mertz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mertz W (1993) Chromium in human nutrition: a review. J Nutr 123:626\u2013633","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1965.209.3.489","volume":"209","author":"W Mertz","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mertz W, Roginski EE, Reba RC (1965) Biological activity and fate of trace quantities of intravenous chromium(III) in the rat. Am J Physiol 209:489\u2013494","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9165_CR32","first-page":"182","volume":"11","author":"KL Olin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olin KL, Stearns DM, Armstrong WH et al (1994) Comparative retention\/absorption of 51chromium (51Cr) from 51Cr chloride, 51Cr nicotinate and 51Cr picolinate in a rat model. Trace Elem Electrolytes 11:182\u2013186","journal-title":"Trace Elem Electrolytes"},{"issue":"5","key":"9165_CR33","first-page":"E478","volume":"232","author":"C Onkelinx","year":"1977","unstructured":"Onkelinx C (1977) Compartment analysis of metabolism of chromium(III) in rats of various ages. Am J Physiol 232(5):E478\u2013E484","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.04.021","volume":"56","author":"K Sahina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sahina K, Ondercib M, Tuzcuc M et al (2007) Effect of chromium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the fat-fed streptozotocin-treated rat. Metab Clin Exp 56:1233\u20131240","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"9165_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(79)90171-9","volume":"28","author":"T Sargent","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sargent T, Lim TH, Jenson RL (1979) Reduced chromium retention in patients with hemochromatosis, a possible basis of hemochromatotic diabetes. Metabolism 28:70\u201379","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.217","volume":"16","author":"N Sreejayan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sreejayan N, Dong F, Kandadi MR, Yang X, Ren J (2008) Chromium alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic ER stress in obese mice. Obesity 16:1331\u20131337","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"9165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90036-5","volume":"44","author":"JS Striffler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Striffler JS, Law JS, Polansky MM et al (1995) Chromium improves insulin response to glucose in rats. Metabolism 44:1314\u20131320","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00220.x","volume":"64","author":"PR Trumbo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC (2006) Chromium picolinate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based review by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Nutr Rev 64:357\u2013363","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"9165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(01)00078-5","volume":"101","author":"P Trumbo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Trumbo P, Yates AA, Schlicker S et al (2001) Dietary references intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. J Am Diet Assoc 101:294\u2013301","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"9165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.715","volume":"130","author":"J Vincent","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vincent J (2000) The biochemistry of chromium. J Nutr 130:715\u2013718","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5387(00)00624-0","volume":"20","author":"J Vincent","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vincent J (2001) The bioinorganic chemistry of chromium. Polyhedron 20:1\u20132","journal-title":"Polyhedron"}],"container-title":["BioMetals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T20:55:46Z","timestamp":1738443346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-008-9165-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-0844","1572-8773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-0844","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]}}}