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The hypothesis that ascending lower genital infection leads to PTB has been tested in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. For patients with intractable vaginitis or high-risk patients with successive PTBs, mainly due to intra-uterine infection, the vaginal flora is enhanced to increase systemic immunity and locally propagate<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>species. It has been shown that the administration of lactoferrin (LF), a prebiotic with minimum side effects, may be effective in suppressing PTB. This hypothesis has been evaluated in this review using various relevant test examples. The findings suggest that LF may play a role in inflammatory protection in pregnant human cervical tissue. The antibacterial and anti-cytokine effects of LF in human-derived mucus-producing cervical cell lines were also demonstrated. It was also clarified that LF suppresses PTB and improves the prognosis of pups in inflammation-induced PTB animal models. Thus, we have identified that LF, a prebiotic contained in breast milk, can be clinically applied to suppress PTB in humans and to prevent PTBs in high-risk pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-022-00471-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T15:02:50Z","timestamp":1670684570000},"page":"521-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Review, role of lactoferrin in preventing preterm delivery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9175-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsufumi","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takshi","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7358","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14237358","volume":"14","author":"I Abad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abad I, Conesa C, Sanchez L (2021) Development of encapsulation strategies and composite edible films to maintain lactoferrin bioactivity: a review. 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We also obtained ethical approval from our Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from each patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human and animals rights"}}]}}