{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:26:44Z","timestamp":1787153204315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biometals"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:46:55Z","timestamp":1787150815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untangling the mechanism and potential of Chrysopogon zizanioides as a phytoremediant, responsible for removing heavy metals from surrounding media: in silico insights"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Lekshmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Smitha Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2006.11.001","volume":"73","author":"C Abdul Jaleel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abdul Jaleel C, Gopi R, Sankar B et al (2007) Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedlings under salt stress. S Afr J Bot 73:190\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2006.11.001","journal-title":"S Afr J Bot"},{"key":"868_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.035","volume":"170","author":"PC Abhilash","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abhilash PC, Pandey VC, Srivastava P et al (2009) Phytofiltration of cadmium from water by Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau grown in free-floating culture system. J Hazard Mater 170:791\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.035","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"868_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4595-3","volume":"22","author":"N Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali N, Hadi F (2015) Phytoremediation of cadmium improved with the high production of endogenous phenolics and free proline contents in Parthenium hysterophorus plant treated exogenously with plant growth regulator and chelating agent. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:13305\u201313318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4595-3","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"868_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)80240-3","volume":"138","author":"Alia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alia (1991) Proline accumulation under heavy metal stress. J Plant Physiol 138:554\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)80240-3","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"868_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1880-4_161","volume-title":"Plant nutrition\u2014from genetic engineering to field practice","author":"Alia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alia et al (1993) Proline in relation to free radical production in seedlings of Brassica juncea raised under sodium chloride stress. Plant nutrition\u2014from genetic engineering to field practice. Springer, Netherlands, pp 731\u2013734"},{"key":"868_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00919-K","volume":"39","author":"Alia","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alia et al (1995) Effect of zinc on free radicals and proline in Brassica and Cajanus. Phytochemistry 39:45\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00919-K","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"868_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260170026","volume":"21","author":"Alia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alia, Mohanty P, Matysik J (2001) Effect of proline on the production of singlet oxygen. Amino Acids 21:195\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007260170026","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"868_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.03.028","volume":"140","author":"SA Anjum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anjum SA, Farooq M, Xie X et al (2012) Antioxidant defense system and proline accumulation enables hot pepper to perform better under drought. Sci Hortic 140:66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.03.028","journal-title":"Sci Hortic"},{"key":"868_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3109-5","volume":"25","author":"J Antonkiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antonkiewicz J, Pe\u0142ka R, Bik-Ma\u0142odzi\u0144ska M et al (2018) The effect of cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge on biomass and heavy metal uptake by a plant mixture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:31101\u201331112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-018-3109-5","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"868_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3157.9","volume":"122","author":"DI Arnon","year":"1955","unstructured":"Arnon DI (1955) The chloroplast as a complete photosynthetic unit. Science 122:9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.122.3157.9","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"868_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2018.10.012","volume":"132","author":"R Banerjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Banerjee R, Goswami P, Lavania S et al (2019) Vetiver grass is a potential candidate for phytoremediation of iron ore mine spoil dumps. Ecol Eng 132:120\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2018.10.012","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"key":"868_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4446","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15493-y","volume":"29","author":"U Baran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baran U, Ekmek\u00e7i Y (2022) Physiological, photochemical, and antioxidant responses of wild and cultivated Carthamus species exposed to nickel toxicity and evaluation of their usage potential in phytoremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:4446\u20134460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-15493-y","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"868_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-014-0092-9","volume":"68","author":"L Barhoumi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barhoumi L, Oukarroum A, Taher LB et al (2015) Effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on photosynthesis and growth of the aquatic plant Lemna gibba. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 68:510\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-014-0092-9","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"868_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00018060","volume":"39","author":"LS Bates","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00018060","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"868_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-021-00756-6","volume":"84","author":"P Bhantana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhantana P, Rana MS, Sun X et al (2021) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its major role in plant growth, zinc nutrition, phosphorous regulation and phytoremediation. Symbiosis 84:19\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13199-021-00756-6","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"868_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2000.40.7","volume":"40","author":"JM Bigham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bigham JM, Nordstrom DK (2000) Iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates from acid sulfate waters. Rev Mineral Geochem 40:351\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2138\/rmg.2000.40.7","journal-title":"Rev Mineral Geochem"},{"key":"868_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bohner H, B\u00f6hme H, B\u00f6ger P (1980) Reciprocal formation of plastocyanin and cytochrome c-553 and the influence of cupric ions on photosynthetic electron transport. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 592:103\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-2728(80)90117-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(80)90117-6"},{"key":"868_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1515\/HF.2005.016","volume":"59","author":"A Chakraborty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chakraborty A, Sain M, Kortschot M (2005) Cellulose microfibrils: a novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing. Holzforschung 59:102\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/HF.2005.016","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"868_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04408-7","volume":"26","author":"S Chakraborty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakraborty S, Mishra A, Verma E et al (2019) Physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance in nitrogen-fixing aquatic macrophyte Azolla microphylla Kaulf: phytoremediation, metabolic rearrangements, and antioxidative enzyme responses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:9041\u20139054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-019-04408-7","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"868_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1990.tb04391.x","volume":"80","author":"C Charest","year":"1990","unstructured":"Charest C, Ton Phan C (1990) Cold acclimation of wheat (Triticum aestivum): properties of enzymes involved in proline metabolism. Physiol Plant 80:159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1990.tb04391.x","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"key":"868_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.05.009","volume":"72","author":"V Cheynier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheynier V, Comte G, Davies KM et al (2013) Plant phenolics: recent advances on their biosynthesis, genetics, and ecophysiology. Plant Physiol Biochem 72:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.05.009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"868_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00032920","volume":"7","author":"H Clijsters","year":"1985","unstructured":"Clijsters H, Van Assche F (1985) Inhibition of photosynthesis by heavy metals. Photosynth Res 7:31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00032920","journal-title":"Photosynth Res"},{"issue":"reviews1024","key":"868_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-8-reviews1024","volume":"3","author":"EL Connolly","year":"2002","unstructured":"Connolly EL, Guerinot M (2002) Iron stress in plants. Genome Biol 3(reviews1024):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2002-3-8-reviews1024","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"868_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/01904169409364754","volume":"17","author":"G Costa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Costa G, Morel JL (1994) Efficiency of h + -atpase activity on cadmium uptake by four cultivars of lettuce. J Plant Nutr 17:627\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01904169409364754","journal-title":"J Plant Nutr"},{"key":"868_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c07151","volume":"10","author":"X Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui X, Li X, Zhang J et al (2022) Hydrothermal treatment of the pristine and contaminated Cd\/Zn hyperaccumulators for bio-oil production and heavy metal separation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 10:603\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c07151","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"868_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-025-12009-7","author":"S Daler","year":"2026","unstructured":"Daler S, Kaya O (2026) Trolox-mediated alleviation of cadmium toxicity in grapevines through enhanced mineral homeostasis and metabolic stability. J Plant Growth Regul. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00344-025-12009-7","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"868_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.109781","volume":"223","author":"MFA Dawood","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dawood MFA, Tahjib-Ul-Arif Md, Shirazy BJ, Abdel Latef AAH (2025) Unraveling the role of \u03ba-carrageenan on the combined effect of drought and chromium stress in wheat (Triticum aestivium L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 223:109781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.109781","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"868_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13522","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c09776","volume":"9","author":"AR Dhanapal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dhanapal AR, Thiruvengadam M, Vairavanathan J et al (2024) Nanotechnology approaches for the remediation of agricultural polluted soils. ACS Omega 9:13522\u201313533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c09776","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"868_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.07.053","volume":"71","author":"W Dmuchowski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dmuchowski W, Gozdowski D, Br\u0105goszewska P et al (2014) Phytoremediation of zinc-contaminated soils using silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Ecol Eng 71:32\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.07.053","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"key":"868_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-03801-2_9","volume-title":"Deep eutectic solvents","author":"L dos Santos Silva","year":"2026","unstructured":"dos Santos Silva L, da Silva CN, Santos WO et al (2026) Extraction of phenolic compounds from plant matrices using eutectic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents. Springer, pp 227\u2013256"},{"key":"868_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2019.1701594","volume":"30","author":"Z Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu Z, Xi S (2020) The effects of heavy metals on human metabolism. Toxicol Mech Methods 30:167\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15376516.2019.1701594","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"key":"868_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-006-0102-5","volume":"50","author":"E Gajewska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gajewska E, Sk\u0142odowska M, S\u0142aba M, Mazur J (2006) Effect of nickel on antioxidative enzyme activities, proline and chlorophyll contents in wheat shoots. Biol Plant 50:653\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10535-006-0102-5","journal-title":"Biol Plant"},{"key":"868_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005009214988","volume":"110","author":"MJ Giertych","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giertych MJ, Karolewski P, de Temmerman LO (1999) Foliage age and pollution alter content of phenolic compounds and chemical elements in Pinus nigra needles. Water Air Soil Pollut 110:363\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005009214988","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"868_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-00887","volume":"160","author":"AA Gitelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gitelson AA, Gritz Y, Merzlyak MN (2003) Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves. J Plant Physiol 160:271\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1078\/0176-1617-00887","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"868_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.101026","volume":"18","author":"B Gulsah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gulsah B, Faizan M, Sultan H et al (2025) Hormone\u2013nanoparticle synergy: co-application of melatonin and nano-biochar enhances soybean resilience to arsenic stress via modulation of proline metabolism and oxidative stress markers. Plant Stress 18:101026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stress.2025.101026","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"868_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.09.062","volume":"153","author":"A Gupta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gupta A, Sinha S (2008) Decontamination and\/or revegetation of fly ash dykes through naturally growing plants. J Hazard Mater 153:1078\u20131087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.09.062","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"868_CR37","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Carbohydrate chemistry","author":"JE Hedge","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hedge JE, Hofreiter BT (1962) Carbohydrate chemistry, vol 17. Academic Press, New York, pp 371\u2013380"},{"key":"868_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6525","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609458200","volume":"282","author":"D Horigome","year":"2007","unstructured":"Horigome D, Satoh H, Itoh N et al (2007) Structural mechanism and photoprotective function of water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein. J Biol Chem 282:6525\u20136531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M609458200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"868_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12229-009-9036-x","volume":"75","author":"R Jabeen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jabeen R, Ahmad A, Iqbal M (2009) Phytoremediation of heavy metals: physiological and molecular mechanisms. Bot Rev 75:339\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12229-009-9036-x","journal-title":"Bot Rev"},{"key":"868_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-025-02130-8","volume":"118","author":"Z Jakubowska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jakubowska Z, Gradowski M, Dobrzy\u0144ski J (2025) Role of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in enhancing phenolic compounds biosynthesis and its relevance to abiotic stress tolerance in plants: a review. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 118:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-025-02130-8","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"868_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21386","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c05890","volume":"59","author":"A K S","year":"2025","unstructured":"K S A, Puthur JT, Dhankher OP (2025) Plant cell wall remodeling under toxic metal stress: structural adaptation and functional implications. Environ Sci Technol 59:21386\u201321400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c05890","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"868_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-024-03802-x","volume":"79","author":"J Kanmani Bharathi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kanmani Bharathi J, Prakash MAS (2025) Estimation of total flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins and in vitro antioxidant activity of Costus pictus D. Don. ex. Lindl. and Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. leaf extracts. Chem Pap 79:545\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11696-024-03802-x","journal-title":"Chem Pap"},{"key":"868_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7864-x","volume":"24","author":"R Kaur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaur R, Yadav P, Thukral AK et al (2017) Co-application of 6-ketone type brassinosteroid and metal chelator alleviates cadmium toxicity in B. juncea L. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:685\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-016-7864-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"868_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112156","volume":"61","author":"U Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer U (2010) Metal hyperaccumulation in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:517\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112156","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"key":"868_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1039\/a903915e","volume":"1","author":"ML Kremer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kremer ML (1999) Mechanism of the Fenton reaction. Evidence for a new intermediate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 1:3595\u20133605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/a903915e","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"868_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1997.tb04789.x","volume":"100","author":"VV Kuznetsov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuznetsov VV, Shevyakova NI (1997) Stress responses of tobacco cells to high temperature and salinity. Proline accumulation and phosphorylation of polypeptides. Physiol Plant 100:320\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1997.tb04789.x","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"key":"868_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250100610","volume":"214","author":"N Lavid","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lavid N, Schwartz A, Lewinsohn E, Tel-Or E (2001) Phenols and phenol oxidases are involved in cadmium accumulation in the water plants Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae) and Nymphaeae (Nymphaeaceae). Planta 214:189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004250100610","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"868_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540.2024.2365164","author":"S Lekshmi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lekshmi S, Ardra Lekshmi A, Achuthavarier D, Smitha Chandran S (2024) Critical analysis of sustainable ways of removing insidious pollutants from the environment through phytoremediation techniques. Chem Ecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02757540.2024.2365164","journal-title":"Chem Ecol"},{"key":"868_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10787","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c00126","volume":"73","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li J, Guan H, Zhou Y et al (2025) Detection of heavy metal copper stress in apple rootstocks using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 73:10787\u201310798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c00126","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"868_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00407","volume":"56","author":"Y-F Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Y-F, Cheng C-W, Shih C-S et al (2016) MIB: metal ion-binding site prediction and docking server. J Chem Inf Model 56:2287\u20132291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00407","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"868_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00918","author":"Y Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma Y, Oliveira RS, Freitas H, Zhang C (2016) Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe-metal interactions: relevance for phytoremediation. Front Plant Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2016.00918","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"868_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94444-w","volume":"15","author":"J Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma J, Xie Y, Ge W et al (2025) Effect of heavy metal copper on the physiological characteristics of Ulva lactuca at different temperatures. Sci Rep 15:9795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-94444-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"868_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00025197","volume":"4","author":"CP Malik","year":"1986","unstructured":"Malik CP, Parmar U, Singh P et al (1986) Phenolic acid effects on peanut growth and oil production. Plant Growth Regul 4:159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00025197","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"868_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109779","volume":"254","author":"SR Manoj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manoj SR, Karthik C, Kadirvelu K et al (2020) Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metals through plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: a review. J Environ Manage 254:109779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109779","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"868_CR39","first-page":"525","volume":"82","author":"J Matysik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matysik J et al (2002) Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr Sci 82:525\u2013532","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"868_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s42976-021-00201-w","volume":"50","author":"MK Mazumder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazumder MK, Sharma P, Moulick D et al (2022) Salicylic acid ameliorates zinc and chromium-induced stress responses in wheat seedlings: a biochemical and computational analysis. Cereal Res Commun 50:407\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42976-021-00201-w","journal-title":"Cereal Res Commun"},{"key":"868_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113614","volume":"213","author":"S Mehmood","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehmood S, Mahmood M, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Delgado A et al (2022) A green method for removing chromium (VI) from aqueous systems using novel silicon nanoparticles: adsorption and interaction mechanisms. Environ Res 213:113614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113614","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"868_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.114899","volume":"191","author":"S Mehmood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehmood S, Ahmed W, Mahmood M et al (2023) Aquaculture sediments amended with biochar improved soil health and plant growth in a degraded soil. Mar Pollut Bull 191:114899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.114899","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"868_CR59","first-page":"523","volume":"15","author":"A Michalak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress. Pol J Environ Stud 15:523\u2013530","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"868_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcn063","volume":"102","author":"MJ Milner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milner MJ, Kochian LV (2008) Investigating heavy-metal hyperaccumulation using Thlaspi caerulescens as a model system. Ann Bot 102:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcn063","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"868_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ijog\/9348557","volume":"2025","author":"NU Mushtaq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mushtaq NU, Saleem S, Rasool A et al (2025) Proline tagging for stress tolerance in plants. Int J Genomics 2025:9348557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijog\/9348557","journal-title":"Int J Genomics"},{"key":"868_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-013-1129-y","volume":"22","author":"A Nadg\u00f3rska-Socha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadg\u00f3rska-Socha A, Ptasi\u0144ski B, Kita A (2013) Heavy metal bioaccumulation and antioxidative responses in Cardaminopsis arenosa and Plantago lanceolata leaves from metalliferous and non-metalliferous sites: a field study. Ecotoxicology 22:1422\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-013-1129-y","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"868_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.062","volume":"193","author":"DK Patra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patra DK, Pradhan C, Patra HK (2018) An in situ study of growth of lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson on varying concentration of chromium (Cr+6) on soil and its bioaccumulation: perspectives on phytoremediation potential and phytostabilisation of chromium toxicity. Chemosphere 193:793\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.062","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"868_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.100672","volume":"18","author":"DK Patra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patra DK, Pradhan C, Patra HK (2020) Toxic metal decontamination by phytoremediation approach: concept, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives. Environ Technol Innov 18:100672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eti.2020.100672","journal-title":"Environ Technol Innov"},{"key":"868_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2026.2667454","author":"HK Patra","year":"2026","unstructured":"Patra HK, Mohanty M, Patra DK, Nayak M (2026) Phytostabilisation-based mitigation of chromium toxicity in the Sukinda Chromite Mining valley, Odisha, India: influence of monsoonal dynamics, overburden mineralogy, and site-specific constraints. Int J Phytoremediation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15226514.2026.2667454","journal-title":"Int J Phytoremediation"},{"key":"868_CR65","unstructured":"Paul NK (2005) Influence of soil moisture on physio-biochemical parameters, water use and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Stress Biol 63"},{"key":"868_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3390\/pollutants3030025","volume":"3","author":"P Prakash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prakash P, S SC (2023) Nano-phytoremediation of heavy metals from soil: a critical review. Pollutants 3:360\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pollutants3030025","journal-title":"Pollutants"},{"key":"868_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Priti Chauhan AB, Rajguru M.Y. Dudhe, Mathur Jyoti (2020) Efficacy of lead (Pb) phytoextraction of five varieties of Helianthus annuus L. from contaminated soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation 18: 2352\u20131864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eti.2020.100718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.100718"},{"key":"868_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1999.0900","volume":"84","author":"J Rhodes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rhodes J (1999) Evidence for physically distinct systemic signalling pathways in the wounded tomato plant. Ann Bot 84:109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbo.1999.0900","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"868_CR68","first-page":"93","volume":"13","author":"J Ruso","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ruso J et al (2001) Toxic metals accumulation and total soluble phenolics in sunflower and tobacco plants. Minerva Biotecnol 13:93","journal-title":"Minerva Biotecnol"},{"key":"868_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00196-8","volume":"177","author":"Y Sakihama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sakihama Y (2002) Plant phenolic antioxidant and prooxidant activities: phenolics-induced oxidative damage mediated by metals in plants. Toxicology 177:67\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00196-8","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"868_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2875","author":"D Salha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salha D, Anda\u00e7 M, Denizli A (2021) Molecular docking of metal ion immobilized ligands to proteins in affinity chromatography. J Mol Recognit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmr.2875","journal-title":"J Mol Recognit"},{"key":"868_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.66.5.797","volume":"66","author":"G Sandmann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sandmann G, B\u00f6ger P (1980) Copper-mediated lipid peroxidation processes in photosynthetic membranes. Plant Physiol 66:797\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.66.5.797","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"868_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132573","volume":"288","author":"SS Sarathchandra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarathchandra SS, Rengel Z, Solaiman ZM (2022) Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated iron ore tailings by applying compost and growing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Chemosphere 288:132573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132573","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"868_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-26799-4.00015-3","volume-title":"Role of antioxidants in mitigating plant stress","author":"S Shaffique","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaffique S, Aaqil Khan M, Shahzad R et al (2025) Interplay of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species: unrevealing their signaling and metabolic mechanism in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Role of antioxidants in mitigating plant stress. Elsevier, pp 63\u201374"},{"key":"868_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-998-0013-5","volume":"20","author":"K Shah","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shah K, Dubey RS (1998) Cadmium elevates level of protein, amino acids and alters activity of proteolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds. Acta Physiol Plant 20:189\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11738-998-0013-5","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Plant"},{"key":"868_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33016-4","volume":"16","author":"M Shahid","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shahid M, Danish M, Ansari WA et al (2026) Decoding heavy metals (Cd2+ and Cr6+) \/ metalloid (As3+) toxicity: unmasking physiological, biochemical and genotoxic consequences in green chili. Sci Rep 16:3130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-33016-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"868_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-007-9060-y","volume":"54","author":"K Shakya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shakya K, Chettri MK, Sawidis T (2008) Impact of heavy metals (copper, zinc, and lead) on the chlorophyll content of some mosses. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 54:412\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-007-9060-y","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"868_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/338499a0","volume":"338","author":"JS Singh","year":"1989","unstructured":"Singh JS, Raghubanshi AS, Singh RS, Srivastava SC (1989) Microbial biomass acts as a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna. Nature 338:499\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/338499a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"868_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9406-9","volume":"149","author":"G Srivastava","year":"2012","unstructured":"Srivastava G, Kumar S, Dubey G et al (2012) Nickel and ultraviolet-B stresses induce differential growth and photosynthetic responses in Pisum sativum L. seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res 149:86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-012-9406-9","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"868_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1982.0011183X002200030005x","volume":"22","author":"BH Tan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tan BH, Halloran GM (1982) Variation and correlations of proline accumulation in spring wheat cultivars 1. Crop Sci 22:459\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2135\/cropsci1982.0011183X002200030005x","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"868_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103043","volume":"30","author":"HW Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan HW, Pang YL, Lim S, Chong WC (2023) A state-of-the-art of phytoremediation approach for sustainable management of heavy metals recovery. Environ Technol Innov 30:103043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103043","journal-title":"Environ Technol Innov"},{"key":"868_CR81","first-page":"119","volume":"1","author":"Tantrey,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tantrey, (2010) Chlorophyll and proline content of gram (Cicer arietinum L.) under cadmium and mercury treatments. Res J Agric Sci 1:119\u201322","journal-title":"Res J Agric Sci"},{"key":"868_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10969-5_19","volume-title":"Phytoremediation","author":"S Trivedi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trivedi S, Ansari AA (2015) Molecular mechanisms in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from coastal waters. Phytoremediation. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 219\u2013231"},{"key":"868_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(90)90118-V","volume":"66","author":"F Van Assche","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Assche F, Clijsters H (1990) A biological test system for the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of metal-contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 66:157\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0269-7491(90)90118-V","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"868_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26891-7","volume":"8","author":"A van der Ent","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Ent A, Mak R, de Jonge MD, Harris HH (2018) Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of nickel and cobalt in the tree Glochidion cf. sericeum (Phyllanthaceae): elemental distribution and chemical speciation. Sci Rep 8:9683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26891-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"868_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02748.x","volume":"181","author":"N Verbruggen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verbruggen N, Hermans C, Schat H (2009) Molecular mechanisms of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. New Phytol 181:759\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02748.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"868_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60032a019","volume":"21","author":"FJ Viles","year":"1949","unstructured":"Viles FJ, Silverman L (1949) Determination of starch and cellulose with anthrone. Anal Chem 21:950\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac60032a019","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"868_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EN00965A","volume":"6","author":"B Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu B, Wu J, Liu S et al (2019) Combined effects of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle on human A549 cells: bioavailability, toxicity and mechanisms. Environ Sci Nano 6:635\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C8EN00965A","journal-title":"Environ Sci Nano"},{"key":"868_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107446","volume":"125","author":"L-J Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao L-J, Lei L-M, Peng L et al (2021) Iron operates as an important factor promoting year-round diazotrophic cyanobacteria blooms in eutrophic reservoirs in the tropics. Ecol Indic 125:107446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107446","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"868_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.58414\/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2025.16.1.03","volume":"16","author":"AP Yadav","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yadav AP, Gudadhe S, Kumari S et al (2025) Impact of heavy metals assessments on the physiological aspects of spinach plant (Spinacia oleracea L.). Sci Temper 16:3592\u20133600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58414\/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2025.16.1.03","journal-title":"Sci Temper"},{"key":"868_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2005.02.007","volume":"18","author":"X Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang X, Feng Y, He Z, Stoffella PJ (2005) Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:339\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2005.02.007","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"868_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016","volume":"368","author":"J Yoon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yoon J, Cao X, Zhou Q, Ma LQ (2006) Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Sci Total Environ 368:456\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"868_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46793\/ChemN5.2.01Z","volume":"5","author":"J Zvezdanovi\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zvezdanovi\u0107 J, Petrovi\u0107 S, Lazarevi\u0107 A (2022) Nickel(II) interactions with chlorophylls in solution: impact to degradation induced by UV-irradiation. Chem Naissensis 5:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46793\/ChemN5.2.01Z","journal-title":"Chem Naissensis"}],"container-title":["BioMetals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1787150818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-026-00868-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-0844","1572-8773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-0844","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}