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This study investigated the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of Dodonaea viscosa-derived gold nanoparticles (DV-AuNPs). Synthesis was optimised for reaction temperature, extract concentration, and extract-to-gold chloride ratio. DV-AuNPs were characterised using ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, and their colloidal stability was assessed in biologically relevant media over two weeks. The nanoparticles were predominantly spherical (19.6 \u00b1 3.6 nm) and exhibited surface functionalisation with plant-derived compounds. Cellular metabolic activity\/viability assessment revealed differential responses across breast-cell models: MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated concentration-dependent sensitivity to DV-AuNP exposure, whereas MCF-7 and non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells were comparatively less responsive under the tested conditions. In MDA-MB-231 cells, DV-AuNP treatment markedly suppressed clonogenic capacity, while functional assays revealed limited effects on migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition\u00a0(EMT)-associated proteins. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracellular localisation of electron-dense particles consistent with DV-AuNPs. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first integrated evaluation of DV-AuNPs in a TNBC model encompassing physicochemical characterisation, colloidal stability, differential cellular responses, clonogenic capacity, migration, EMT-associated proteins, and intracellular localisation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate cell-line-dependent biological responses to DV-AuNPs and support their continued investigation as biologically functionalised gold nanoparticles for breast-cancer applications. Further studies are required to define the underlying mechanisms and evaluate activity across additional TNBC models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-026-00896-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:02:51Z","timestamp":1791997371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dodonaea viscosa-derived gold nanoparticles exhibit differential effects across breast cell models and intracellular localisation in MDA-MB-231 cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nireshini","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem Jacobus","family":"Perold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Rambharose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Mart","family":"Engelbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00560","volume":"28","author":"OB Adewale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adewale OB, Anadozie SO, Potts-Johnson SS, Onwuelu JO, Obafemi TO, Osukoya OA, Fadaka AO, Davids H, Roux S (2020) Investigation of bioactive compounds in Crassocephalum rubens leaf and in vitro anticancer activity of its biosynthesized gold nanoparticles. 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