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From its popular role in the treatment of jetlag, melatonin is now implicated in the reduction of oxidative stess, both as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. Melatonin's direct scavenging action in respect of the following will be discussed: superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals and nitric oxide\/peroxy nitrite anions. In addition melatonin also possesses indirect antioxidant activity and the role of its metabolites, AFMK and 6-OHM will be presented. It is these free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of melatonin that has shifted the focus from that of merely strengthening circadian rhythms to that of neuroprotectant: a new place in therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10540-007-9052-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]],"date-time":"2007-09-06T08:02:28Z","timestamp":1189065748000},"page":"299-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Melatonin: New Places in Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Deepa S.","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. 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