{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:03:26Z","timestamp":1789671806387,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed Microdevices"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is experienced by an estimated 51% of women in the U.S. and often results from impaired function or weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a frontline nonsurgical treatment, yet a number of symptomatic individuals cannot accurately perform a pelvic floor muscle contraction with simple verbal or written instruction. Long-term adherence to PFMT regimens is often a barrier to resolution of symptoms. Various biofeedback tools have been utilized to aid correct pelvic floor muscle performance and adherence. One novel device, the <jats:italic>leva<\/jats:italic>\u00ae Pelvic Digital Health System, utilizes an intravaginal probe embedded with MEMS accelerometer sensors that allow real-time visualization of the shape and motion of the vagina during PFMT. Early positive results with this device prompted design of a wearable version. The purpose of this study was to design a wearable, wireless clinical research device to optimize MEMS accelerometer sensor placement to detect maximal movement during a pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) and to test the form factor for retention and user acceptability. The device comprised a ring designed to sit at the fornix with an extension following the length of the vagina. This paper presents design components and results from clinical testing of 10 subjects. It was determined that a ring form factor alone, similar to other vaginal rings (pessaries, estrogen rings) provided less accurate visual information about PFME performance. By contrast, we determined that a ring with an extension allowed for device retention and improved real-time detection of vaginal shape and motion during PFMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T11:02:34Z","timestamp":1584442954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of a wireless accelerometer-based Intravaginal device to detect pelvic floor motion for evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jose","family":"Bohorquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Keyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Pulliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.034","volume":"1101","author":"JA Ashton-Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"J.A. Ashton-Miller, D. Howard, J.O.L. DeLancey, Functional anatomy of the female pelvic floor. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1101(1), 266\u2013296 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1389.034","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000600007","volume":"64","author":"PB Barbosa","year":"2009","unstructured":"P.B. Barbosa, M.M. Franco, F.d.O. Souza, F.I. Ant\u00f4nio, T. Montezuma, C.H.J. Ferreira, Comparison between measurements obtained with three different perineometers. Clinics 64(6), 527\u2013533 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1807-59322009000600007","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"3","key":"479_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22292","volume":"32","author":"K Bo","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Bo, G. Hilde, Does it work in the long term? \u2014 A systematic review on pelvic floor muscle training for female stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol. Urodyn. 32(3), 215\u2013223 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22292","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"479_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.080","volume":"126","author":"JOL DeLancey","year":"2004","unstructured":"J.O.L. DeLancey, J.A. Ashton-Miller, Pathophysiology of adult urinary incontinence. Gastroenterology 126, S23\u2013S32 (2004) https:\/\/doi.org\/S001650850301775X[pii]","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"479_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920170059","volume":"12","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2001","unstructured":"H.P. Dietz, P.D. Wilson, B. Clarke, The use of Perineal ultrasound to quantify Levator activity and teach pelvic floor muscle exercises. Int. Urogynecol. J. 12, 166\u2013169 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"479_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD005654","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub3.www.cochranelibrary.com","volume":"14","author":"C Dumoulin","year":"2014","unstructured":"C. Dumoulin, E. Hay-Smith, G. Mac Hab\u00e9e-S\u00e9guin, Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment , or inactive control treatments , for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review ). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 14(5), CD005654 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub3.www.cochranelibrary.com","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"479_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4300-5","volume":"295","author":"N Flury","year":"2017","unstructured":"N. Flury, I. Koenig, L. Radlinger, Crosstalk considerations in studies evaluating pelvic floor muscles using surface electromyography in women: A scoping review. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 295(4), 799\u2013809 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-017-4300-5","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31827ab9d0","volume":"19","author":"JW Henderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"J.W. Henderson, S. Wang, M.J. Egger, M. Masters, I. Nygaard, Can women correctly contract their pelvic floor muscles without formal instruction? Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 19(1), 8\u201312 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31827ab9d0","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"479_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22329","volume":"32","author":"R Herderschee","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Herderschee, E.C. Hay-Smith, G.P. Herbison, J.P. Roovers, M.J. Heineman, Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women: Shortened version of a Cochrane systematic review. Neurourol. Urodyn. 32(4), 325\u2013329 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22329","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"479_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003.PELVIC","volume":"6","author":"S Herschorn","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Herschorn, TREATMENT OF SUI female pelvic floor anatomy: The pelvic floor, supporting structures, and pelvic organs female pelvic floor anatomy bony scaffolding. Rev. Urol. 6(Suppl 5), 2\u201310 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003.PELVIC","journal-title":"Rev. Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"479_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.114.Prevalence","volume":"186","author":"AD Markland","year":"2011","unstructured":"A.D. Markland, H.E. Rishter, C.-W. Fwu, J.W. Kusek, Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008. J. Urol. 186(2), 589\u2013593 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.114.Prevalence","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"479_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Rosenblatt, J. McKinney, R.A. Rosenberg, R.J. Iglesias, R.C. Sutherland, S.J. Pulliam, Evaluation of an accelerometer-based digital health system for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: A pilot study. Neurourology and Urodynamics, (December 2018), nau.24097 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24097","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24097"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Microdevices"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:26:43Z","timestamp":1615940803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10544-020-00479-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2176","1572-8781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2176","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Jose Bohorquez, PhD provides consulting services for Renovia Inc. and represents the engineering team who designed the clinical research device. Jessica McKinney, PT, MS<b>,<\/b> Robin Sutherland, OTR\/L and Samantha J. Pulliam, MD are employees of Renovia Inc. Laura Keyser, DPT, MPH provides consulting services for Renovia Inc.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"26"}}