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Current culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing can take up to 72\u00a0h resulting in ineffective prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics, poor clinical outcomes and development of further antibiotic resistance. We report an electrochemical lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for testing samples against seven clinically-relevant antibiotics. The LOC contained eight chambers, each housing an antibiotic-loaded hydrogel (cephalexin, ceftriaxone, colistin, gentamicin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, vancomycin) or antibiotic-free control, alongside a resazurin bulk-modified screen-printed electrode for electrochemical detection of metabolically active bacteria using differential pulse voltammetry. Antibiotic susceptibility in simulated UTI samples or donated human urine with either <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> could be established within 85\u00a0min. Incorporating electrochemical detection onto a LOC provides an inexpensive, simple method for the sensitive determination of antibiotic susceptibility that is significantly faster than using a culture-based approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-024-00719-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1723194742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multiplex antibiotic susceptibility testing of urinary tract infections using an electrochemical lab-on-a-chip"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Crane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-6160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Iles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig E.","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamun","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1106-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia E.","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"719_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. 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