{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:56:35Z","timestamp":1790852195840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed Microdevices"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:57:37Z","timestamp":1790845057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolating viable bacteria from positive blood cultures: impedance cytometry analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Daniel Nathan","family":"Tom\u00e1s Can\u00e7ado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max Seidy","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hywel","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"847_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24560","volume":"101","author":"AB Filbrun","year":"2022","unstructured":"A.B. Filbrun, J.C. Richardson, P.C. Khanal, Y.L. Tzeng, R.M. Dickson, Rapid, label-free antibiotic susceptibility determined directly from positive blood culture. Cytometry A 101, 564\u2013576 (2022)","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"847_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01166","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01166-17","volume":"56","author":"A Charnot-Katsikas","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Charnot-Katsikas, V. Tesic, N. Love, B. Hill, C. Bethel, S. Boonlayangoor, K.G. Beavis, Use of the Accelerate Pheno system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogens in positive blood cultures and impact on time to results and workflow. J. Clin. Microbiol. 56, e01166\u2013e01117 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116837","volume":"10","author":"AK Boardman","year":"2015","unstructured":"A.K. Boardman, J. Campbell, H. Wirz, A. Sharon, A.F. Sauer-Budge, Rapid microbial sample preparation from blood using a novel concentration device. PLoS One. 10, e0116837 (2015)","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"847_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","volume":"34","author":"A Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. Kumar, D. Roberts, K.E. Wood, B. Light, J.E. Parrillo, S. Sharma, R. Suppes, D. Feinstein, S. Zanotti, L. Taiberg, D. Gurka, A. Kumar, M. Cheang, Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 34, 1589\u20131596 (2006)","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"847_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00544","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00544-21","volume":"59","author":"A Silva-Dias","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Silva-Dias, B. P\u00e9rez-Viso, I. Martins-Oliveira, R. Gomes, A.G. Rodrigues, R. Cant\u00f3n, C. Pina-Vaz, Evaluation of FASTinov ultrarapid flow cytometry antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. 59, e00544\u2013e00521 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00840K","volume":"21","author":"C Honrado","year":"2021","unstructured":"C. Honrado, P. Bisegna, N.S. Swami, F. Caselli, Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: from raw signals to cell phenotypes using data analytics. Lab. Chip. 21, 22\u201354 (2021)","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"847_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"WO2022040453A1","author":"C Massey","year":"2022","unstructured":"C. Massey, J. Zan, A.A. Yup, Blood cell lysing agent for isolating bacteria from blood culture. Int. Patent Application. WO2022040453A1, 1\u201338 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. Patent Application"},{"key":"847_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03341-1","volume":"24","author":"C Pina-Vaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"C. Pina-Vaz, A. Silva-Dias, I. Martins-Oliveira, R. Gomes, B. Perez-Viso, S. Cruz, A.G. Rodrigues, A. Sarmento, R. Cant\u00f3n, A multisite validation of a two hours antibiotic susceptibility flow cytometry assay directly from positive blood cultures. BMC Microbiol. 24, 187 (2024)","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18902-x","volume":"11","author":"DC Spencer","year":"2020","unstructured":"D.C. Spencer, T.F. Paton, K.T. Mulroney, T.J.J. Inglis, J.M. Sutton, H. Morgan, A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test. Nat. Commun. 11, 5328 (2020)","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"847_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1039\/b910053a","volume":"9","author":"D Holmes","year":"2009","unstructured":"D. Holmes, D. Pettigrew, C.H. Reccius, J.D. Gwyer, C. van Berkel, J. Holloway, D.E. Davies, H. Morgan, Leukocyte analysis and differentiation using high speed microfluidic single cell impedance cytometry. Lab. Chip. 9, 2881\u20132889 (2009)","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"847_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00323-11","volume":"77","author":"D Kennedy","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Kennedy, U.P. Cronin, G. Wilkinson, Responses of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus to simulated food processing treatments, determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and plate counting. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 4657\u20134668 (2011)","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b02119","volume":"5","author":"D Spencer","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Spencer, H. Morgan, High-speed single-cell dielectric spectroscopy. ACS Sens. 5, 423\u2013430 (2020)","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"847_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02166","volume":"8","author":"D Spencer","year":"2023","unstructured":"D. Spencer, Y. Li, Y. Zhu, J.M. Sutton, H. Morgan, Electrical broth micro-dilution for rapid antibiotic resistance testing. ACS Sens. 8, 1101\u20131108 (2023)","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"847_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1078\/0065-1281-00534","volume":"102","author":"E Baumann","year":"2000","unstructured":"E. Baumann, G. Stoya, A. V\u00f6lkner, W. Richter, C. Lemke, W. Linss, Hemolysis of human erythrocytes with saponin affects the membrane structure. Acta Histochem. 102, 21\u201335 (2000)","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"847_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad332","volume":"78","author":"E Jonasson","year":"2023","unstructured":"E. Jonasson, E. Matuschek, G. Kahlmeter, Evaluation of prolonged incubation time of 16\u201320\u00a0h with the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility disc diffusion testing method. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 78, 2926\u20132932 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"847_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100691-7.00055-0","volume":"2","author":"EM Srokowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"E.M. Srokowski, K.A. Woodhouse, Decellularized scaffolds. Comprehensive Biomaterials II. 2, 452\u2013470 (2017)","journal-title":"Comprehensive Biomaterials II"},{"key":"847_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405023111","volume":"111","author":"FF Dutra","year":"2014","unstructured":"F.F. Dutra, L.S. Alves, D. Rodrigues, P.L. Fernandez, R.B. de Oliveira, D.T. Golenbock, D.S. Zamboni, M.T. Bozza, Hemolysis-induced lethality involves inflammasome activation by heme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, E4110\u2013E4118 (2014)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"847_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637776","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1637776","volume":"16","author":"FS Coskun","year":"2025","unstructured":"F.S. Coskun, J. Quick, E. Toprak, A simple, low-cost, and highly efficient protocol for rapid isolation of pathogenic bacteria from human blood. Front. Microbiol. 16, 1637776 (2025)","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","volume":"404","author":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2024","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet. 404, 1199\u20131226 (2024)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"847_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1466-1470.2004","volume":"42","author":"G Funke","year":"2004","unstructured":"G. Funke, P. Funke-Kissling, Use of the BD PHOENIX automated microbiology system for direct identification and susceptibility testing of Gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures in a three-phase trial. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 1466\u20131470 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111058","volume":"13","author":"G Menchinelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"G. Menchinelli, D. Squitieri, C. Magr\u00ec, F. de Maio, T. D\u2019Inzeo, M. Cacaci, G. de Angelis, M. Sanguinetti, B. Posteraro, Verification of the Vitek Reveal system for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Gram-negative positive blood cultures. Antibiotics. 13, 1058 (2024)","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"847_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01084","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01084-25","volume":"13","author":"H Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"H. Choi, M. Kang, Y.-K. Ko, H.-J. Yu, T.Y. Kim, H.J. Huh, N.Y. Lee, H.-S. Lee, Experimental study on factors influencing low identification rates and spectral quality of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Sepsityper kit. Microbiol. Spectr. 13, e01084\u2013e01025 (2025)","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"847_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.07.005","volume":"55","author":"HH Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"H.H. Lin, K.H. Tseng, N. Tien, Y.T. Lin, J. Yu, P.R. Hsueh, D.Y. Cho, Evaluation of the Rapid Sepsityper protocol and specific MBT-Sepsityper module for the identification of bacteremia and fungemia using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS. J. Microbiol Immunol. Infect. 55, 1330\u20131333 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Microbiol Immunol. Infect"},{"key":"847_CR48","first-page":"1","volume":"US20240159646A1","author":"H Morgan","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Morgan, D. Spencer, T.J.J. Inglis, T. Paton, K. Mulroney, Impedance flow cytometry methods. United States Patent Application Publication. US20240159646A1, 1\u201314 (2024)","journal-title":"United States Patent Application Publication"},{"key":"847_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c02725","volume":"11","author":"H Ralston","year":"2026","unstructured":"H. Ralston, A. Butterworth, B. Clark, M. Katsafadou, V. Vezza, T. Campbell, M. Malecha, M.E. Murphy, A. Poojary, A. Winter, D. Price, E. Marrs, A. Longmuir, S. Hannah, P.A. Hoskisson, D.K. Corrigan, Toward enhanced selection of antibiotics in a hospital laboratory - development of a rapid electrochemical antimicrobial sensitivity test for urinary tract infections. ACS Sens. 11, 1041\u20131049 (2026)","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"847_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2366-y","volume":"10","author":"H Tanner","year":"2017","unstructured":"H. Tanner, J.T. Evans, S. Gossain, A. Hussain, Evaluation of three sample preparation methods for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF. BMC Res. Notes. 10, 48 (2017)","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"847_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1039\/C2LC41055A","volume":"13","author":"J Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Choi, Y.G. Jung, J. Kim, S. Kim, Y. Jung, H. Na, S. Kwon, Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing by tracking single cell growth in a microfluidic agarose channel system. Lab. Chip. 13, 280\u2013287 (2013)","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"847_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.10.004","volume":"154","author":"JE Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"J.E. Lee, S.J. Jo, K.G. Park, H.S. Suk, S.I. Ha, J.S. Shin, Y.J. Park, Evaluation of modified saponin preparation method for the direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing from positive blood culture. J. Microbiol. Methods. 154, 118\u2013123 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"847_CR8","unstructured":"J. O\u2019Neill, Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. Wellcome Trust and HM Government, 1\u201381 (2016)"},{"key":"847_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990747816040097","volume":"10","author":"JS Sudnitsyna","year":"2016","unstructured":"J.S. Sudnitsyna, E.A. Skvertchinskaya, I.A. Dobrylko, E.R. Nikitina, A.I. Krivchenko, S.P. Gambaryan, I.V. Mindukshev, Human erythrocyte ammonium transport is mediated by functional interaction of ammonium (RhAG) and anion (AE1) transporters. Biochem. Mosc. Suppl. Ser. A 10, 301\u2013310 (2016)","journal-title":"Biochem. Mosc. Suppl. Ser. A"},{"key":"847_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05944","volume":"10","author":"K Syal","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Syal, R. Iriya, Y. Yang, H. Yu, S. Wang, S.E. Haydel, H.Y. Chen, N. Tao, Antimicrobial susceptibility test with plasmonic imaging and tracking of single bacterial motions on nanometer scale. ACS Nano. 10, 845\u2013852 (2016)","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"847_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"8603769B2","author":"L Feng","year":"2013","unstructured":"L. Feng, W.B. Brasso, S. Shi, B. Turng, S.M. Kircher, V. White, D. Luper, J. Rosales, G. Campbell, A. Malick, Method for direct and rapid identification of microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing from positive blood cultures. United States Patent US. 8603769B2, 1\u201314 (2013)","journal-title":"United States Patent US"},{"key":"847_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00403-w","volume":"19","author":"L Ponderand","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. Ponderand, P. Pavese, D. Maubon, E. Giraudon, T. Girard, C. Landelle, M. Maurin, Y. Caspar, Evaluation of Rapid Sepsityper\u00ae protocol and specific MBT-Sepsityper module (Bruker Daltonics) for the rapid diagnosis of bacteremia and fungemia by MALDI-TOF-MS. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 19, 60 (2020)","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"847_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12769","volume":"118","author":"MA Boyd","year":"2015","unstructured":"M.A. Boyd, S.M. Tennant, J.H. Melendez, D. Toema, J.E. Galen, C.D. Geddes, M.M. Levine, Adaptation of red blood cell lysis represents a fundamental breakthrough that improves the sensitivity of Salmonella detection in blood. J. Appl. Microbiol. 118, 1199\u20131209 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00149-7","volume":"33","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"1999","unstructured":"M.A. Pfaller, R.N. Jones, G.V. Doern, H.S. Sader, K.C. Kugler, M.L. Beach, the SENTRY Participants Group, Survey of blood stream infections attributable to Gram-positive cocci: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and Latin America from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 33, 283\u2013297 (1999)","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"847_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.10.006","volume":"48","author":"MC Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"M.C. Wang, W.H. Lin, J.J. Yan, H.Y. Fang, T.H. Kuo, C.C. Tseng, J.J. Wu, Early identification of microorganisms in blood culture prior to the detection of a positive signal in the BACTEC FX system using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 48, 419\u2013424 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"847_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0055826","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00558-26","volume":"31","author":"M Hornsey","year":"2026","unstructured":"M. Hornsey, I. Taylor, T. King, Z. Brown, D.N. Tom\u00e1s Can\u00e7ado, K. Judd, E. Kuszynski, R. Lines, R. Lyons, X. Wang, A. Lloyd, R. Impey, G. Ashworth, M. Gatenby, A. MacGowan, M. Albur, A. Noel, M.L.G. Attwood, P. Griffin, C. Brennan, F.O. Brock, J. Stewart, E. Alonso-Moreno, H. Morgan, D. Spencer, Multisite clinical evaluation of the iFAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test direct from positive blood cultures containing Gram-negative organisms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, e0055826 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00558-26","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1039\/D6AN00259E","volume":"151","author":"M Osaid","year":"2026","unstructured":"M. Osaid, D.N. Tom\u00e1s Can\u00e7ado, D. Spencer, W. van der Wijngaart, H. Morgan, Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures. Analyst. 151, 4115\u20134125 (2026)","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"847_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.G. Morgenthaler, M. Kostrzewa, Rapid identification of pathogens in positive blood cultures of patients with sepsis: review and meta-analysis of the performance of the Sepsityper kit. Int J Microbiol 2015, 827416 (2015)","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/827416"},{"key":"847_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00043-09","volume":"23","author":"N Mancini","year":"2010","unstructured":"N. Mancini, S. Carletti, N. Ghidoli, P. Cichero, R. Burioni, M. Clementi, The era of molecular and other non-culture-based methods in diagnosis of sepsis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23, 235\u2013251 (2010)","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"847_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708558114","volume":"114","author":"\u00d6 Baltekin","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6. Baltekin, A. Boucharin, E. Tano, D.I. Andersson, J. Elf, Antibiotic susceptibility testing in less than 30 min using direct single-cell imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 9170\u20139175 (2017)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"847_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.01.003","volume":"21","author":"O Opota","year":"2015","unstructured":"O. Opota, A. Croxatto, G. Prod\u2019hom, G. Greub, Blood culture-based diagnosis of bacteraemia: state of the art. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 21, 313\u2013322 (2015)","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"847_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308806","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202308806","volume":"11","author":"O Riester","year":"2024","unstructured":"O. Riester, L. Kaiser, S. Laufer, H.P. Deigner, Rapid phenotypic antibiotics susceptibility analysis by a 3D printed prototype. Adv. Sci. 11, 2308806 (2024)","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"847_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.1","volume":"48","author":"PF Wheat","year":"2001","unstructured":"P.F. Wheat, History and development of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methodology. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48(Suppl 1), 1\u20134 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"847_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C727","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00034.2005","volume":"289","author":"PK Shin","year":"2005","unstructured":"P.K. Shin, P. Pawar, K. Konstantopoulos, J.M. Ross, Characteristics of new Staphylococcus aureus-RBC adhesion mechanism independent of fibrinogen and IgG under hydrodynamic shear conditions. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 289, C727\u2013C734 (2005)","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"847_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635831","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.635831","volume":"8","author":"R Banerjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. Banerjee, R. Humphries, Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for blood cultures and their clinical impact. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 8, 635831 (2021)","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"847_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2018.1516272","volume":"30","author":"RE Mendes","year":"2018","unstructured":"R.E. Mendes, H.S. Sader, M. Castanheira, R.K. Flamm, Distribution of main Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections in United States and European hospitals during the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2010\u20132016): concomitant analysis of oritavancin in vitro activity. J. Chemother. 30, 280\u2013289 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"847_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.9.2.318","volume":"9","author":"SB Zimmerman","year":"1976","unstructured":"S.B. Zimmerman, E.O. Stapley, Relative morphological effects induced by cefoxitin and other beta-lactam antibiotics in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 9, 318\u2013326 (1976)","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"847_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1039\/b313761a","volume":"4","author":"S Gawad","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Gawad, K. Cheung, U. Seger, A. Bertsch, P. Renaud, Dielectric spectroscopy in a micromachined flow cytometer: theoretical and practical considerations. Lab. Chip. 4, 241\u2013251 (2004)","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"847_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111696","volume":"145","author":"S Hannah","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Hannah, E. Addington, D. Alcorn, W. Shu, P.A. Hoskisson, D.K. Corrigan, Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing using low-cost, commercially available screen-printed electrodes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 145, 111696 (2019)","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"847_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2011.07.004","volume":"13","author":"S Schubert","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Schubert, K. Weinert, C. Wagner, B. Gunzl, A. Wieser, T. Maier, M. Kostrzewa, Novel, improved sample preparation for rapid, direct identification from positive blood cultures using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. J. Mol. Diagn. 13, 701\u2013706 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"847_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.09.014","volume":"52","author":"S Yonetani","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Yonetani, H. Ohnishi, K. Ohkusu, T. Matsumoto, T. Watanabe, Direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS using an in-house saponin method. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 52, 37\u201342 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"847_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.10.020","volume":"14","author":"TM Uddin","year":"2021","unstructured":"T.M. Uddin, A.J. Chakraborty, A. Khusro, B.M.R.M. Zidan, S. Mitra, T.B. Emran, K. Dhama, M.K.H. Ripon, M. Gajd\u00e1cs, M.U.K. Sahibzada, M.J. Hossain, N. Koirala, Antibiotic resistance in microbes: history, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects. J. Infect. Public. Health. 14, 1750\u20131766 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public. Health"},{"key":"847_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2003.10.001","volume":"48","author":"T Savinelli","year":"2004","unstructured":"T. Savinelli, S. Parenteau, L.A. Mermel, What happens when automated blood culture instrument detect growth but there are no technologists in the microbiology laboratory? Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 48, 173\u2013174 (2004)","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"847_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-010-0580-9","volume":"8","author":"T Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"T. Sun, H. Morgan, Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: a review. Microfluid Nanofluid. 8, 423\u2013443 (2010)","journal-title":"Microfluid Nanofluid"},{"key":"847_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"WO2011006911A2","author":"U Weller","year":"2011","unstructured":"U. Weller, T. Maier, Mass spectrometric diagnosis of septicemia. Int. Patent Application. WO2011006911A2, 1\u201324 (2011)","journal-title":"Int. Patent Application"},{"key":"847_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60338-2","volume":"10","author":"D Van Assche","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. van Assche, E. Reithuber, W. Qiu, T. Laurell, B. Henriques-Normark, P. Mellroth, P. Ohlsson, P. Augustsson, Gradient acoustic focusing of sub-micron particles for separation of bacteria from blood lysate. Sci. Rep. 10, 3670 (2020)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"847_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1654-9","volume":"19","author":"V Anton-Vazquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"V. Anton-Vazquez, S. Adjepong, C. Suarez, T. Planche, Evaluation of a new rapid antimicrobial susceptibility system for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bloodstream infections: speed and accuracy of Alfred 60AST. BMC Microbiol. 19, 268 (2019)","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33659-1","volume":"13","author":"V Kandavalli","year":"2022","unstructured":"V. Kandavalli, P. Karempudi, J. Larsson, J. Elf, Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and species identification for mixed samples. Nat. Commun. 13, 6215 (2022)","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"847_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874966","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.874966","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"W. Zhang, H. Sun, S. He, X. Chen, L. Yao, L. Zhou, Y. Wang, P. Wang, W. Hong, Compound Raman microscopy for rapid diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogenic bacteria in urine. Front. Microbiol. 13, 874966 (2022)","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"847_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10064","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1901730116","volume":"116","author":"Y Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. Hong, J. Zeng, X. Wang, K. Drlica, X. Zhao, Post-stress bacterial cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 10064\u201310071 (2019)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"847_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14517","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01265","volume":"3","author":"Z Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Z. Song, H. Wang, Y. Wu, J. Gu, S. Li, H. Han, Fabrication of bis-quaternary ammonium salt as an efficient bactericidal weapon against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Omega. 3, 14517\u201314525 (2018)","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Microdevices"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:02:48Z","timestamp":1790848968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10544-026-00847-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2176","1572-8781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2176","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"REC Reference: 23\/NW\/0060, SRB Reference: RHM SRB0018, HTA license: 12009.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The whole blood used in this study was provided by healthy volunteers from the Southampton Research Biorepository (SRB) at the University Hospital Southampton (UHS).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Source of Biological Material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"HM and DS own equity in iFAST Diagnostics Ltd. HM, DS and DNTC are part-time employees of iFAST Diagnostics Ltd.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"71"}}