{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:49:22Z","timestamp":1791150562769,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Inher Metab Disea"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderately elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is uncertain. Randomized trials of dietary supplementation with B vitamins were set up to assess whether lowering homocysteine levels could reduce the risk of vascular disease. This review is based on a meta\u2010analysis of published results of eight homocysteine\u2010lowering trials for preventing vascular disease. The eight trials comprised a total of 37,485 individuals and provided comparisons of the effects of B vitamins on 5,074 coronary heart disease (CHD) events, 1,483 stroke events, 2,692 incident cancer events, and 5,128 deaths. Our meta\u2010analysis assessed the effects of lowering homocysteine levels by about 25% for about 5 years. Allocation to B vitamins had no beneficial effects on any cardiovascular events, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.01 (0.96\u20131.07) for CHD and 0.96 (0.87\u20131.07) for stroke. Moreover, allocation to B vitamins had no significant adverse effects on cancer [1.08 (0.99\u20131.17)], or for death from any cause [1.02 (0.97\u20131.07)]. Thus, supplementation with B vitamins had no statistically significant effects on the risks of cardiovascular events, total mortality rates, or cancer. A meta\u2010analysis based on individual participant data from all available trials will assess the effects of lowering homocysteine levels on a broader range of outcomes, overall and in all relevant subgroups. However, available evidence does not support the routine use of B vitamins to prevent cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9235-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]],"date-time":"2010-11-10T07:34:03Z","timestamp":1289374443000},"page":"83-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Homocysteine and vascular disease: review of published results of the homocysteine\u2010lowering trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit University of Oxford Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Halsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit University of Oxford Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit University of Oxford Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lewington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit University of Oxford Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"3642","article-title":"Blinded comparison of folic acid and placebo in patients with ischaemic heart disease: an outcome trial","volume":"106","author":"Baker F","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530130055028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.38.201.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.21.2351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199808000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Treatment of early breast cancer. 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