{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:03:33Z","timestamp":1790960613172,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477353600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Topogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T02:52:07Z","timestamp":1477363927000},"page":"3-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Putting the Pieces Together in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Exploring the Link Between Clinical Observations and the Biological Basis of Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowshanak","family":"Hashemiyoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Visser-Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"525_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116502","volume":"310","author":"JF Abelson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abelson JF, Kwan KY, O\u2019Roak BJ et al (2005) Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Science 310:317\u2013320. doi: 10.1126\/science.1116502","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"525_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001","volume":"29","author":"RL Albin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Albin RL, Mink JW (2006) Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research. Trends Neurosci 29:175\u2013182. doi: 10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","volume":"9","author":"GE Alexander","year":"1986","unstructured":"Alexander GE, DeLong MR, Strick PL (1986) Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 9:357\u2013381. doi: 10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2217\/npy.13.25","volume":"3","author":"F Ali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ali F, Morrison KE, Cavanna AE (2013) The complex genetics of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: implications for clinical practice. Neuropsychiatry 3:321\u2013330. doi: 10.2217\/npy.13.25","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington","edition":"5"},{"key":"525_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.07.024","volume":"69","author":"AR Aron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aron AR (2011) From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biol Psychiatry 69:e55\u2013e68. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.07.024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389601100210","volume":"11","author":"EH Aylward","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aylward EH, Reiss AL, Reader MJ, Singer HS, Brown JE, Denckla MB (1996) Basal ganglia volumes in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol 11:112\u2013115","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000961","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000961","volume":"6","author":"B Babadi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Babadi B, Abbott LF (2010) Intrinsic stability of temporally shifted spike-timing dependent plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 6:e1000961. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000961","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"525_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(01)00270-7","volume":"11","author":"I Bar-Gad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bar-Gad I, Bergman H (2001) Stepping out of the box: information processing in the neural networks of the basal ganglia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:689\u2013695","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR10","volume-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment","author":"R Barkley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barkley R (1993) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York"},{"key":"525_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179900896X","volume":"29","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S, Scahill VL, Izaguirre J, Hornsey H, Robertson MM (1999) The prevalence of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents with autism: a large scale study. Psychol Med 29:1151\u20131159","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"525_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002","volume":"67","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bloch MH, Leckman JF (2009) Clinical course of Tourette syndrome. J Psychosom Res 67:497\u2013501. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"525_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180957.98702.69","volume":"65","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bloch MH, Leckman JF, Zhu H, Peterson BS (2005) Caudate volumes in childhood predict symptom severity in adults with Tourette syndrome. Neurology 65:1253\u20131258. doi: 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180957.98702.69","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl050","volume":"129","author":"S Bohlhalter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bohlhalter S, Goldfine A, Matteson S et al (2006) Neural correlates of tic generation in Tourette syndrome: an event-related functional MRI study. Brain 129:2029\u20132037. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/awl050","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10358","volume":"18","author":"P Brown","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brown P (2003) Oscillatory nature of human basal ganglia activity: relationship to the pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 18:357\u2013363. doi: 10.1002\/mds.10358","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-34","volume":"5","author":"L Burd","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burd L, Freeman RD, Klug MG, Kerbeshian J (2005) Tourette syndrome and learning disabilities. BMC Pediatr 5:34. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2431-5-34","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"525_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.004","volume":"37","author":"J Buse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buse J, Schoenefeld K, Munchau A, Roessner V (2013) Neuromodulation in Tourette syndrome: dopamine and beyond. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1069\u20131084. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.03.007","volume":"3","author":"MR Capriotti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Capriotti MR, Himle MB, Woods DW (2014) Behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 3:415\u2013420","journal-title":"J Obs Compuls Relat Disord"},{"key":"525_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.052","volume":"81","author":"L Castellan Baldan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castellan Baldan L, Williams KA, Gallezot JD et al (2014) Histidine decarboxylase deficiency causes tourette syndrome: parallel findings in humans and mice. Neuron 81:77\u201390. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.052","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"525_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.011","volume":"37","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cavanna AE, Rickards H (2013) The psychopathological spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1008\u20131015. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2007.08.012","volume":"30","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cavanna AE, Cavanna S, Monaco F (2008) Anger symptoms and \u201cdelinquent\u201d behavior in Tourette syndrome with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Dev 30:308. doi: 10.1016\/j.braindev.2007.08.012","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"525_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S175","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150733","volume":"15","author":"TN Chase","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chase TN, Foster NL, Fedio P, Brooks R, Mansi L, Kessler R, Di Chiro G (1984) Gilles de la tourette syndrome: studies with the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic method. Ann Neurol 15(Suppl):S175","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200005000-00009","volume":"39","author":"BJ Coffey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coffey BJ, Biederman J, Smoller JW, Geller DA, Sarin P, Schwartz S, Kim GS (2000) Anxiety disorders and tic severity in juveniles with Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:562\u2013568. doi: 10.1097\/00004583-200005000-00009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR24","first-page":"319","volume":"53","author":"AJ Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen AJ, Leckman JF (1992) Sensory phenomena associated with Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 53:319\u2013323","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013","volume":"37","author":"SC Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH (2013) Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:997\u20131007. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.04.010","volume":"65","author":"CA Conelea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conelea CA, Woods DW (2008) The influence of contextual factors on tic expression in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a review. J Psychosom Res 65:487\u2013496. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.04.010","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"525_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00913","volume":"7","author":"Y Cui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cui Y, Jin Z, Chen X, He Y, Liang X, Zheng Y (2014) Abnormal baseline brain activity in drug-naive patients with Tourette syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study. Front Hum Neurosci 7:913. doi: 10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00913","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00056-9","volume":"80","author":"D Denys","year":"2004","unstructured":"Denys D, Tenney N, van Megen HJ, de Geus F, Westenberg HG (2004) Axis I and II comorbidity in a large sample of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 80:155\u2013162. doi: 10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00056-9","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"525_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.012","volume":"199","author":"J Doyon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doyon J, Bellec P, Amsel R et al (2009) Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning. Behav Brain Res 199:61\u201375. doi: 10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"525_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq300","volume":"133","author":"B Draganski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Draganski B, Martino D, Cavanna AE et al (2010) Multispectral brain morphometry in Tourette syndrome persisting into adulthood. Brain 133:3661\u20133675. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/awq300","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.038","volume":"24","author":"A Draper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Draper A, Stephenson MC, Jackson GM, Pepes S, Morgan PS, Morris PG, Jackson SR (2014) Increased GABA contributes to enhanced control over motor excitability in Tourette syndrome. Curr Biol 24:2343\u20132347. doi: 10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.038","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"525_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S72284","volume":"11","author":"V Eapen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eapen V, Robertson MM (2015) Are there distinct subtypes in Tourette syndrome? Pure-Tourette syndrome versus Tourette syndrome-plus, and simple versus complex tics. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 11:1431\u20131436. doi: 10.2147\/NDT.S72284","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"525_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610390261","volume":"4","author":"CM Eddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eddy CM, Rickards HE, Cavanna AE (2011) Treatment strategies for tics in Tourette syndrome. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 4:25\u201345. doi: 10.1177\/1756285610390261","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"525_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907006","volume":"362","author":"AG Ercan-Sencicek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ercan-Sencicek AG, Stillman AA, Ghosh AK et al (2010) L-histidine decarboxylase and Tourette\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 362:1901\u20131908. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0907006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"525_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2369-4.00016-0","volume-title":"Principles and practice of movement disorders","author":"S Fahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M (2011) Tics and Tourette syndrome. In: Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M (eds) Principles and practice of movement disorders. Elsevier, Atlanta, pp 350\u2013379"},{"key":"525_CR36","first-page":"104","volume":"2","author":"SV Faraone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J (2003) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition? World Psychiatry 2:104\u2013113","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12387","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0150-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"RJ Felling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Felling RJ, Singer HS (2011) Neurobiology of tourette syndrome: current status and need for further investigation. J Neurosci 31:12387\u201312395. doi: 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0150-11.2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.4.1249","volume":"66","author":"AW Flaherty","year":"1991","unstructured":"Flaherty AW, Graybiel AM (1991) Corticostriatal transformations in the primate somatosensory system. Projections from physiologically mapped body-part representations. J Neurophysiol 66:1249\u20131263","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06799.x","volume":"29","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frank MJ (2009) Slave to the striatal habit (Commentary on Tricomi et al.). Eur J Neurosci 29:2223\u20132224. doi: 10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06799.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"525_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1003-7","volume":"16","author":"RD Freeman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freeman RD (2007) Tic disorders and ADHD: answers from a world-wide clinical dataset on Tourette syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16(Suppl 1):15\u201323. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-007-1003-7","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000839","volume":"42","author":"RD Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman RD, Fast DK, Burd L, Kerbeshian J, Robertson MM, Sandor P (2000) An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countries. Dev Med Child Neurol 42:436\u2013447","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x","volume":"51","author":"RD Freeman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Freeman RD, Zinner SH, Muller-Vahl KR et al (2009) Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 51:218\u2013227. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-11-03656.1991","volume":"11","author":"I Fried","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fried I, Katz A, McCarthy G, Sass KJ, Williamson P, Spencer SS, Spencer DD (1991) Functional organization of human supplementary motor cortex studied by electrical stimulation. J Neurosci 11:3656\u20133666","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.09.008","volume":"33","author":"C Ganos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganos C, Martino D (2015) Tics and tourette syndrome. Neurol Clin 33:115\u2013136. doi: 10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.09.008","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"525_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.09.016","volume":"64","author":"C Ganos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganos C, Asmuss L, Bongert J, Brandt V, Munchau A, Haggard P (2015a) Volitional action as perceptual detection: predictors of conscious intention in adolescents with tic disorders. Cortex 64:47\u201354. doi: 10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.09.016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"525_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26228","volume":"30","author":"C Ganos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganos C, Garrido A, Navalpotro-Gomez I et al (2015b) Premonitory urge to tic in Tourette\u2019s is associated with interoceptive awareness. Mov Disord 30:1198\u20131202. doi: 10.1002\/mds.26228","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.03.010","volume":"31","author":"A Ghanizadeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghanizadeh A, Mosallaei S (2009) Psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome. Brain Dev 31:15\u201319. doi: 10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.03.010","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"525_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.4.784","volume":"42","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Stebbins GT, Leipzig G, Carr WC (1992) Adult tics in Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: description and risk factors. Neurology 42:784\u2013788","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090607","volume":"9","author":"JN Goldenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldenberg JN, Brown SB, Weiner WJ (1994) Coprolalia in younger patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 9:622\u2013625. doi: 10.1002\/mds.870090607","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00186.x","volume":"5","author":"TD Gould","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gould TD, Gottesman II (2006) Psychiatric endophenotypes and the development of valid animal models. Genes Brain Behav 5:113\u2013119. doi: 10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00186.x","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"525_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.019","volume":"64","author":"MA Grados","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grados MA, Mathews CA (2008) Latent class analysis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome using comorbidities: clinical and genetic implications. Biol Psychiatry 64:219\u2013225. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.011","volume":"67","author":"MA Grados","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grados MA, Mathews CA (2009) Clinical phenomenology and phenotype variability in Tourette syndrome. J Psychosom Res 67:491\u2013496. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"525_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.06.013","volume":"14","author":"C Granziera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Granziera C, Pollo C, Russmann H et al (2008) Sub-acute delayed failure of subthalamic DBS in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of micro-lesion effect. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14:109\u2013113. doi: 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.06.013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"525_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00593-5","volume":"10","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graybiel AM (2000) The basal ganglia. Curr Biol 10:R509\u2013R511","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"525_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.10.006","volume":"15","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graybiel AM (2005) The basal ganglia: learning new tricks and loving it. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:638\u2013644. doi: 10.1016\/j.conb.2005.10.006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-360-8_2","volume-title":"Current clinical neurology: deep brain stimulation in neurological and psychiatric disorders","author":"SN Haber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haber SN (2008) Functional anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia: non-motor functions. In: Tarsy D, Vitek JL, Starr PA, Okun MS (eds) Current clinical neurology: deep brain stimulation in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Okun Humana Press, Totowa, pp 33\u201362"},{"key":"525_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013","volume":"78","author":"SN Haber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haber SN, Calzavara R (2009) The cortico-basal ganglia integrative network: the role of the thalamus. Brain Res Bull 78:69\u201374. doi: 10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"525_CR58","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology","author":"M Hallett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hallett M (2001) Neurophysiology of tics. In: Cohen DJ, Jankovic J, Goetz CG (eds) Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 237\u2013244"},{"key":"525_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.11.005","volume":"37","author":"M Hallett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hallett M (2015) Tourette syndrome: update. Brain Dev 37:651\u2013655. doi: 10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.11.005","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"525_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.05.004","volume":"30","author":"C Hammond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hammond C, Bergman H, Brown P (2007) Pathological synchronization in Parkinson\u2019s disease: networks, models and treatments. Trends Neurosci 30:357\u2013364. doi: 10.1016\/j.tins.2007.05.004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.012","volume":"65","author":"M Hampson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hampson M, Tokoglu F, King RA, Constable RT, Leckman JF (2009) Brain areas coactivating with motor cortex during chronic motor tics and intentional movements. Biol Psychiatry 65:594\u2013599. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.813","volume":"53","author":"PA Hanna","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hanna PA, Janjua FN, Contant CF, Jankovic J (1999) Bilineal transmission in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 53:813\u2013818","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07415.x","volume":"32","author":"MI Hariz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hariz MI, Robertson MM (2010) Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and deep brain stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 32:1128\u20131134. doi: 10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07415.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.014","volume":"37","author":"A Hartmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartmann A, Worbe Y (2013) Pharmacological treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1157\u20131161. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hashemiyoon R (2013) Plasticity, neuronal synchrony and multi-stability in the human thalamus. In: Proceedings of the twenty second annual computational neuroscience meeting, Paris, France. doi: 10.13140\/2.1.4707.4249","DOI":"10.13140\/2.1.4707.4249"},{"key":"525_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.05.158","volume":"127","author":"R Hashemiyoon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashemiyoon R, Tomescu M, Coito A et al (2016) Effective connectivity of subcortical-cortical networks revealed by simultaneous scalp and depth EEG recordings in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 127:e289","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR67","first-page":"89","volume":"123","author":"R Hassler","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hassler R, Dieckmann G (1970) Stereotaxic treatment of tics and inarticulate cries or coprolalia considered as motor obsessional phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s disease. Rev Neurol 123:89\u2013100","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90648-S","volume":"569","author":"LN Hazrati","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hazrati LN, Parent A (1992a) Convergence of subthalamic and striatal efferents at pallidal level in primates: an anterograde double-labeling study with biocytin and PHA-L. Brain Res 569:336\u2013340","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"525_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90199-J","volume":"598","author":"LN Hazrati","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hazrati LN, Parent A (1992b) Differential patterns of arborization of striatal and subthalamic fibers in the two pallidal segments in primates. Brain Res 598:311\u2013315","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"525_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.652","volume":"42","author":"TM Hyde","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hyde TM, Aaronson BA, Randolph C, Rickler KC, Weinberger DR (1992) Relationship of birth weight to the phenotypic expression of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome in monozygotic twins. Neurology 42:652\u2013658","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1176","volume":"45","author":"TM Hyde","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hyde TM, Stacey ME, Coppola R, Handel SF, Rickler KC, Weinberger DR (1995) Cerebral morphometric abnormalities in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a quantitative MRI study of monozygotic twins. Neurology 45:1176\u20131182","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2358","volume":"348","author":"TR Insel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Insel TR, Cuthbert BN (2015) Medicine. Brain disorders? Precisely. Science 348:499\u2013500. doi: 10.1126\/science.aab2358","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"525_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00277.2015","volume":"114","author":"M Israelashvili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Israelashvili M, Loewenstern Y, Bar-Gad I (2015) Abnormal neuronal activity in Tourette syndrome and its modulation using deep brain stimulation. J Neurophysiol 114:6\u201320. doi: 10.1152\/jn.00277.2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4038","volume":"16","author":"M Jahanshahi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jahanshahi M, Obeso I, Rothwell JC, Obeso JA (2015) A fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition. Nat Rev Neurosci 16:719\u2013732. doi: 10.1038\/nrn4038","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70311-X","volume":"15","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jankovic J (1997) Tourette syndrome. Phenomenology and classification of tics. Neurol Clin 15:267\u2013275","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"525_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010032","volume":"345","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jankovic J (2001) Tourette\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 345:1184\u20131192. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMra010032","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"525_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060309","volume":"6","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Stone L (1991) Dystonic tics in patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Mov Disord 6:248\u2013252. doi: 10.1002\/mds.870060309","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00428-6","volume":"27","author":"KJ Jeffries","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jeffries KJ, Schooler C, Schoenbach C, Herscovitch P, Chase TN, Braun AR (2002) The functional neuroanatomy of Tourette\u2019s syndrome: an FDG PET study III: functional coupling of regional cerebral metabolic rates. Neuropsychopharmacology 27:92\u2013104. doi: 10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00428-6","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"525_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90536-3","volume":"63","author":"D Joel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Joel D, Weiner I (1994) The organization of the basal ganglia\u2013thalamocortical circuits: open interconnected rather than closed segregated. Neuroscience 63:363\u2013379","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"525_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200005000-00007","volume":"39","author":"B Kadesjo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kadesjo B, Gillberg C (2000) Tourette\u2019s disorder: epidemiology and comorbidity in primary school children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:548\u2013555. doi: 10.1097\/00004583-200005000-00007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502624102","volume":"102","author":"PS Kalanithi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalanithi PS, Zheng W, Kataoka Y et al (2005) Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:13307\u201313312. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0502624102","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"525_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2013-101637","volume":"50","author":"I Karagiannidis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karagiannidis I, Dehning S, Sandor P et al (2013) Support of the histaminergic hypothesis in Tourette syndrome: association of the histamine decarboxylase gene in a large sample of families. J Med Genet 50:760\u2013764. doi: 10.1136\/jmedgenet-2013-101637","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"525_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22206","volume":"518","author":"Y Kataoka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kataoka Y, Kalanithi PS, Grantz H, Schwartz ML, Saper C, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM (2010) Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome. J Comp Neurol 518:277\u2013291. doi: 10.1002\/cne.22206","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412364","volume":"284","author":"HH Kornhuber","year":"1965","unstructured":"Kornhuber HH, Deecke L (1965) Changes in the brain potential in voluntary movements and passive movements in man: readiness potential and reafferent potentials. Pflugers Arch 284:1\u201317","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"525_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.414","volume":"59","author":"R Kurlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Como PG, Miller B et al (2002) The behavioral spectrum of tic disorders: a community-based study. Neurology 59:414\u2013420","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1190","volume":"57","author":"CH Kwak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwak CH, Hanna PA, Jankovic J (2000) Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics. Arch Neurol 57:1190\u20131193","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.11.1595","volume":"60","author":"C Kwak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kwak C, Vuong KD, Jankovic J (2003) Migraine headache in patients with Tourette syndrome. Arch Neurol 60:1595\u20131598. doi: 10.1001\/archneur.60.11.1595","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.054","volume":"175","author":"CH Lai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lai CH, Wu YT (2015) The patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in depression patients: the dissociation between temporal regions and fronto-parietal regions. J Affect Disord 175:441\u2013445. doi: 10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.054","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"525_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11526-1","volume":"360","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leckman JF (2002) Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Lancet 360:1577\u20131586. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11526-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"525_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)90004-0","volume":"25","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leckman JF (2003) Phenomenology of tics and natural history of tic disorders. Brain Dev 25(Suppl 1):S24\u2013S28","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"525_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98","volume":"150","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Walker DE, Cohen DJ (1993) Premonitory urges in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 150:98\u2013102. doi: 10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01508.x","volume":"38","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Peterson BS, Anderson GM, Arnsten AF, Pauls DL, Cohen DJ (1997) Pathogenesis of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:119\u2013142","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x","volume":"47","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM, Kalanithi PS, Rothenberger A (2006) Annotation: tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat\u2014driven by misguided brain oscillations. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47:537\u2013550. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0118","volume":"20","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Bloch MH, Smith ME, Larabi D, Hampson M (2010) Neurobiological substrates of Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20:237\u2013247. doi: 10.1089\/cap.2009.0118","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"525_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00016","volume":"8","author":"G Leisman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leisman G, Braun-Benjamin O, Melillo R (2014) Cognitive-motor interactions of the basal ganglia in development. Front Syst Neurosci 8:16. doi: 10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00016","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029153","volume":"7","author":"C Lenglet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenglet C, Abosch A, Yacoub E, De Martino F, Sapiro G, Harel N (2012) Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI. PLoS ONE 7:e29153. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0029153","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"525_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.018","volume":"79","author":"JB Lennington","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lennington JB, Coppola G, Kataoka-Sasaki Y et al (2016) Transcriptome analysis of the human striatum in Tourette syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 79:372\u2013382. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00044903","volume":"8","author":"B Libet","year":"1985","unstructured":"Libet B (1985) Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behav Brain Sci 8:529\u2013566","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"525_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076105","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y, Miao W, Wang J et al (2013) Structural abnormalities in early Tourette syndrome children: a combined voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics study. PLoS ONE 8:e76105. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0076105","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"525_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.2078","volume":"90","author":"R Llinas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Llinas R, Ribary U (1993) Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:2078\u20132081","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"525_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15222","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.15222","volume":"96","author":"RR Llinas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Llinas RR, Ribary U, Jeanmonod D, Kronberg E, Mitra PP (1999) Thalamocortical dysrhythmia: a neurological and neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by magnetoencephalography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:15222\u201315227","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"525_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.9.4.343","volume":"9","author":"TV Maia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maia TV (2009) Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain: successes and challenges. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 9:343\u2013364. doi: 10.3758\/CABN.9.4.343","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2723","volume":"14","author":"TV Maia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maia TV, Frank MJ (2011) From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Nat Neurosci 14:154\u2013162. doi: 10.1038\/nn.2723","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044215","volume":"7","author":"N Maling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maling N, Hashemiyoon R, Foote KD, Okun MS, Sanchez JC (2012) Increased thalamic gamma band activity correlates with symptom relief following deep brain stimulation in humans with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. PLoS ONE 7:e44215. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0044215","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"525_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22982","volume":"25","author":"S Marceglia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marceglia S, Servello D, Foffani G et al (2010) Thalamic single-unit and local field potential activity in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 25:300\u2013308. doi: 10.1002\/mds.22982","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.5.605","volume":"56","author":"C Marras","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marras C, Andrews D, Sime E, Lang AE (2001) Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Neurology 56:605\u2013610","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.12.1259","volume":"61","author":"R Marsh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marsh R, Alexander GM, Packard MG, Zhu H, Wingard JC, Quackenbush G, Peterson BS (2004) Habit learning in Tourette syndrome: a translational neuroscience approach to a developmental psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:1259\u20131268. doi: 10.1001\/archpsyc.61.12.1259","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.955","volume":"164","author":"R Marsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marsh R, Zhu H, Wang Z, Skudlarski P, Peterson BS (2007) A developmental fMRI study of self-regulatory control in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 164:955\u2013966. doi: 10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.955","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.2.960","volume":"85","author":"N Matsumoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matsumoto N, Minamimoto T, Graybiel AM, Kimura M (2001) Neurons in the thalamic CM-Pf complex supply striatal neurons with information about behaviorally significant sensory events. J Neurophysiol 85:960\u2013976","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.025","volume":"89","author":"KW McCairn","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCairn KW, Nagai Y, Hori Y et al (2016) A primary role for nucleus accumbens and related limbic network in vocal tics. Neuron 89:300\u2013307. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"525_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/70911","volume":"5","author":"DA McCormick","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCormick DA (1999) Are thalamocortical rhythms the Rosetta Stone of a subset of neurological disorders? Nat Med 5:1349\u20131351. doi: 10.1038\/70911","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"525_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.024","volume":"115","author":"CC McIntyre","year":"2004","unstructured":"McIntyre CC, Savasta M, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Vitek JL (2004) Uncovering the mechanism(s) of action of deep brain stimulation: activation, inhibition, or both. Clin Neurophysiol 115:1239\u20131248. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.024","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.167","volume":"7","author":"KS McNaught","year":"2011","unstructured":"McNaught KS, Mink JW (2011) Advances in understanding and treatment of Tourette syndrome. Nat Rev Neurol 7:667\u2013676. doi: 10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.167","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445505279262","volume":"29","author":"AL Meidinger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meidinger AL, Miltenberger RG, Himle M, Omvig M, Trainor C, Crosby R (2005) An investigation of tic suppression and the rebound effect in Tourette\u2019s disorder. Behav Modif 29:716\u2013745. doi: 10.1177\/0145445505279262","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"525_CR115","volume-title":"Neurobehavioral disorders of childhood: an evolutionary perspective","author":"R Melillo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Melillo R, Leisman G (2009) Neurobehavioral disorders of childhood: an evolutionary perspective. Springer, Dordrecht"},{"key":"525_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039","volume":"61","author":"CM Michel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michel CM, Murray MM (2012) Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool. Neuroimage 61:371\u2013385. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"525_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00262-4","volume":"25","author":"JW Mink","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mink JW (2001) Basal ganglia dysfunction in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a new hypothesis. Pediatr Neurol 25:190\u2013198","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-4-2","volume":"4","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, Ghanizadeh A, Rahgozar M et al (2004) Prevalence of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in Iran. BMC Psychiatry 4:2. doi: 10.1186\/1471-244X-4-2","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00150","volume":"8","author":"AA Moustafa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moustafa AA, Bar-Gad I, Korngreen A, Bergman H (2014) Basal ganglia: physiological, behavioral, and computational studies. Front Syst Neurosci 8:150. doi: 10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00150","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.09.012","volume":"37","author":"KR M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Vahl KR (2013) Surgical treatment of Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1178\u20131185. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.09.012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)60008-3","volume":"160","author":"A Nambu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nambu A (2007) Globus pallidus internal segment. Prog Brain Res 160:135\u2013150. doi: 10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)60008-3","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"525_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.11.001","volume":"18","author":"A Nambu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nambu A (2008) Seven problems on the basal ganglia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18:595\u2013604. doi: 10.1016\/j.conb.2008.11.001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR123","first-page":"1","volume-title":"DBS for neurological disorders","author":"A Nambu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nambu A (2015) Functional circuitry of the basal ganglia. In: Itakura T (ed) DBS for neurological disorders. Springer, New York, pp 1\u201311"},{"key":"525_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(02)00027-5","volume":"43","author":"A Nambu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nambu A, Tokuno H, Takada M (2002) Functional significance of the cortico\u2013subthalamo\u2013pallidal \u2018hyperdirect\u2019 pathway. Neurosci Res 43:111\u2013117","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"525_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.8.735","volume":"44","author":"JA Obeso","year":"1981","unstructured":"Obeso JA, Rothwell JC, Marsden CD (1981) Simple tics in Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome are not prefaced by a normal premovement EEG potential. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44:735\u2013738","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00051-7","volume":"41","author":"K O\u2019Connor","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor K, Brisebois H, Brault M, Robillard S, Loiselle J (2003) Behavioral activity associated with onset in chronic tic and habit disorder. Behav Res Ther 41:241\u2013249","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"525_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060305","volume":"6","author":"SM Papa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Papa SM, Artieda J, Obeso JA (1991) Cortical activity preceding self-initiated and externally triggered voluntary movement. Mov Disord 6:217\u2013224. doi: 10.1002\/mds.870060305","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20348","volume":"481","author":"M Parent","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parent M, Parent A (2005) Single-axon tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction of centre median-parafascicular thalamic neurons in primates. J Comp Neurol 481:127\u2013144. doi: 10.1002\/cne.20348","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610163151604","volume":"315","author":"DL Pauls","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pauls DL, Leckman JF (1986) The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome and associated behaviors. Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. N Engl J Med 315:993\u2013997. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM198610163151604","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"525_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00176-0","volume":"44","author":"BS Peterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Leckman JF (1998) The temporal dynamics of tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 44:1337\u20131348","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.427","volume":"58","author":"BS Peterson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Staib L, Scahill L et al (2001) Regional brain and ventricular volumes in Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:427\u2013440","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.415","volume":"60","author":"BS Peterson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Thomas P, Kane MJ et al (2003) Basal Ganglia volumes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:415\u2013424. doi: 10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.415","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9048-5","volume":"34","author":"J Piacentini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Piacentini J, Himle MB, Chang S, Baruch DE, Buzzella BA, Pearlman A, Woods DW (2006) Reactivity of tic observation procedures to situation and setting. J Abnorm Child Psychol 34:649\u2013658. doi: 10.1007\/s10802-006-9048-5","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"525_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.607","volume":"303","author":"J Piacentini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piacentini J, Woods DW, Scahill L et al (2010) Behavior therapy for children with Tourette disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 303:1929\u20131937. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2010.607","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"525_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.09.006","volume":"132","author":"C Pittenger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pittenger C, Bloch MH, Williams K (2011) Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive compulsive disorder: neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 132:314\u2013332. doi: 10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.09.006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"525_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2028","volume":"161","author":"KJ Plessen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Plessen KJ, Wentzel-Larsen T, Hugdahl K et al (2004) Altered interhemispheric connectivity in individuals with Tourette\u2019s disorder. Am J Psychiatry 161:2028\u20132037. doi: 10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2028","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.005","volume":"67","author":"KJ Plessen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plessen KJ, Bansal R, Peterson BS (2009) Imaging evidence for anatomical disturbances and neuroplastic compensation in persons with Tourette syndrome. J Psychosom Res 67:559\u2013573. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.005","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"525_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd809b","volume":"73","author":"M Porta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porta M, Brambilla A, Cavanna AE, Servello D, Sassi M, Rickards H, Robertson MM (2009a) Thalamic deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: two-year outcome. Neurology 73:1375\u20131380. doi: 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd809b","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000235595","volume":"62","author":"M Porta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porta M, Servello D, Sassi M, Brambilla A, Defendi S, Priori A, Robertson M (2009b) Issues related to deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Eur Neurol 62:264\u2013273. doi: 10.1159\/000235595","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.JNS08991","volume":"110","author":"M Pourfar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pourfar M, Tang C, Lin T, Dhawan V, Kaplitt MG, Eidelberg D (2009) Assessing the microlesion effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery with FDG PET. J Neurosurg 110:1278\u20131282. doi: 10.3171\/2008.12.JNS08991","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"525_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790310077011","volume":"42","author":"RA Price","year":"1985","unstructured":"Price RA, Kidd KK, Cohen DJ, Pauls DL, Leckman JF (1985) A twin study of Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:815\u2013820","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.011","volume":"37","author":"A Priori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Priori A, Giannicola G, Rosa M, Marceglia S, Servello D, Sassi M, Porta M (2013) Deep brain electrophysiological recordings provide clues to the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1063\u20131068. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.01.001","volume":"34","author":"CC Proenca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proenca CC, Gao KP, Shmelkov SV, Rafii S, Lee FS (2011) Slitrks as emerging candidate genes involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Trends Neurosci 34:143\u2013153. doi: 10.1016\/j.tins.2011.01.001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3233\/BEN-120308","volume":"27","author":"S Rajagopala","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajagopala S, Serib S, Cavanna AE (2013) Premonitory urges and sensorimotor processing in Tourette syndrome. Behav Neurol 27:65\u201373. doi: 10.3233\/BEN-120308","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.10.002","volume":"16","author":"M Rivlin-Etzion","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rivlin-Etzion M, Marmor O, Heimer G, Raz A, Nini A, Bergman H (2006) Basal ganglia oscillations and pathophysiology of movement disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:629\u2013637. doi: 10.1016\/j.conb.2006.10.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.12.003","volume":"29","author":"R Rizzo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rizzo R, Curatolo P, Gulisano M, Virzi M, Arpino C, Robertson MM (2007) Disentangling the effects of Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on cognitive and behavioral phenotypes. Brain Dev 29:413\u2013420. doi: 10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.12.003","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"525_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.425","volume":"123","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robertson MM (2000) Tourette syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain 123(Pt 3):425\u2013462","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","volume":"65","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robertson MM (2008) The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 1: the epidemiological and prevalence studies. J Psychosom Res 65:461\u2013472. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"525_CR149","first-page":"39","volume":"99","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Robertson MM, Orth M (2006) Behavioral and affective disorders in Tourette syndrome. Adv Neurol 99:39\u201360","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"525_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1004-6","volume":"16","author":"V Roessner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roessner V, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Freeman RD, Rothenberger A, Tourette Syndrome International Database C (2007) Developmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome\u2014impact of ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16(Suppl 1):24\u201335. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-007-1004-6","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","volume":"20","author":"V Roessner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roessner V, Plessen K, Rothenberger A et al (2011) European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:173\u2013196. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"525_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1156","volume":"35","author":"JV Salgado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salgado JV, Sandner G (2013) A critical overview of animal models of psychiatric disorders: challenges and perspectives. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 35(Suppl 2):S77\u2013S81. doi: 10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1156","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"525_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0803-6","volume":"153","author":"M Sassi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sassi M, Porta M, Servello D (2011) Deep brain stimulation therapy for treatment-refractory Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a review. Acta Neurochir 153:639\u2013645. doi: 10.1007\/s00701-010-0803-6","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"525_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.69","volume":"18","author":"JM Scharf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scharf JM, Yu D, Mathews CA et al (2013) Genome-wide association study of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 18:721\u2013728. doi: 10.1038\/mp.2012.69","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26094","author":"LE Schrock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schrock LE, Mink JW, Woods DW et al (2014) Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: a review and updated recommendations. Mov Disord. doi: 10.1002\/mds.26094","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.03.017","volume":"14","author":"W Schultz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schultz W (2004) Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal learning theory, game theory, microeconomics and behavioural ecology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14:139\u2013147. doi: 10.1016\/j.conb.2004.03.017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5159-6","volume":"256","author":"D Servello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Servello D, Sassi M, Brambilla A, Porta M, Haq I, Foote KD, Okun MS (2009) De novo and rescue DBS leads for refractory Tourette syndrome patients with severe comorbid OCD: a multiple case report. J Neurol 256:1533\u20131539. doi: 10.1007\/s00415-009-5159-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001004","volume":"78","author":"D Servello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Servello D, Zekaj E, Saleh C, Lange N, Porta M (2016) Deep brain stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: what does the future hold? A cohort of 48 patients. Neurosurgery 78:91\u2013100. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"525_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025","volume":"117","author":"H Shibasaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shibasaki H, Hallett M (2006) What is the Bereitschaftspotential? Clin Neurophysiol 117:2341\u20132356. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"525_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.7916\/D8TH8JQQ","volume":"4","author":"DR Shprecher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shprecher DR, Gannon K, Agarwal N, Shi X, Anderson JS (2014) Elucidating the nature and mechanism of tic improvement in tourette syndrome: a pilot study. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 4:217. doi: 10.7916\/D8TH8JQQ","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"525_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)01012-4","volume":"4","author":"HS Singer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singer HS (2005) Tourette\u2019s syndrome: from behaviour to biology. Lancet Neurol 4:149\u2013159. doi: 10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)01012-4","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-010-0095-4","volume":"12","author":"HS Singer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singer HS (2010) Treatment of tics and tourette syndrome. Curr Treat Options Neurol 12:539\u2013561. doi: 10.1007\/s11940-010-0095-4","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.950","volume":"43","author":"HS Singer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Singer HS, Reiss AL, Brown JE et al (1993) Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Neurology 43:950\u2013956","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"525_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00005","volume":"8","author":"Y Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith Y, Galvan A, Ellender TJ et al (2014) The thalamostriatal system in normal and diseased states. Front Syst Neurosci 8:5. doi: 10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00005","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2121","volume":"11","author":"ER Sowell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sowell ER, Kan E, Yoshii J et al (2008) Thinning of sensorimotor cortices in children with Tourette syndrome. Nat Neurosci 11:637\u2013639. doi: 10.1038\/nn.2121","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235588","volume":"262","author":"M Steriade","year":"1993","unstructured":"Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ (1993) Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science 262:679\u2013685","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"525_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02788.1996","volume":"16","author":"M Steriade","year":"1996","unstructured":"Steriade M, Contreras D, Amzica F, Timofeev I (1996) Synchronization of fast (30\u201340\u00a0Hz) spontaneous oscillations in intrathalamic and thalamocortical networks. J Neurosci 16:2788\u20132808","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"525_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.741","volume":"57","author":"E Stern","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stern E, Silbersweig DA, Chee KY et al (2000) A functional neuroanatomy of tics in Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:741\u2013748","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318068fbcc","volume":"46","author":"JE Swain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF (2007) Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:947\u2013968. doi: 10.1097\/chi.0b013e318068fbcc","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10649","volume":"19","author":"Y Temel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Temel Y, Visser-Vandewalle V (2004) Surgery in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 19:3\u201314. doi: 10.1002\/mds.10649","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn339","volume":"132","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Siebner HR, Jonas M et al (2009) Structural changes in the somatosensory system correlate with tic severity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 132:765\u2013777. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/awn339","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt288","volume":"137","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Jonas M, Baumer T et al (2014) Costs of control: decreased motor cortex engagement during a Go\/NoGo task in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Brain 137:122\u2013136. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/awt288","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22588","volume":"35","author":"S Tinaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tinaz S, Belluscio BA, Malone P, van der Veen JW, Hallett M, Horovitz SG (2014) Role of the sensorimotor cortex in Tourette syndrome using multimodal imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5834\u20135846. doi: 10.1002\/hbm.22588","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"525_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26230","volume":"30","author":"S Tinaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tinaz S, Malone P, Hallett M, Horovitz SG (2015) Role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to tic in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 30:1190\u20131197. doi: 10.1002\/mds.26230","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"525_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21918","volume":"67","author":"RH Tobe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tobe RH, Bansal R, Xu D, Hao X, Liu J, Sanchez J, Peterson BS (2010) Cerebellar morphology in Tourette syndrome and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Ann Neurol 67:479\u2013487. doi: 10.1002\/ana.21918","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000342161","volume":"91","author":"T Tykocki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tykocki T, Nauman P, Koziara H, Mandat T (2013) Microlesion effect as a predictor of the effectiveness of subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 91:12\u201317. doi: 10.1159\/000342161","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"525_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.020","volume":"52","author":"PJ Uhlhaas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W (2006) Neural synchrony in brain disorders: relevance for cognitive dysfunctions and pathophysiology. Neuron 52:155\u2013168. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"525_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.007","volume":"37","author":"JM Griendt van de","year":"2013","unstructured":"van de Griendt JM, Verdellen CW, van Dijk MK, Verbraak MJ (2013) Behavioural treatment of tics: habit reversal and exposure with response prevention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1172\u20131177. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.007","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"525_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303081","volume":"83","author":"SM Salm van der","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Salm SM, Tijssen MA, Koelman JH, van Rootselaar AF (2012) The bereitschaftspotential in jerky movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83:1162\u20131167. doi: 10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303081","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05964-9","volume":"353","author":"V Vandewalle","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vandewalle V, van der Linden C, Groenewegen HJ, Caemaert J (1999) Stereotactic treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome by high frequency stimulation of thalamus. Lancet 353:724","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"525_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","volume":"20","author":"C Verdellen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verdellen C, van de Griendt J, Hartmann A, Murphy T (2011) European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:197\u2013207. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.111","volume":"6","author":"J Volkmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Volkmann J, Daniels C, Witt K (2010) Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 6:487\u2013498. doi: 10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.111","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445505279252","volume":"29","author":"TS Watson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watson TS, Dufrene B, Weaver A, Butler T, Meeks C (2005) Brief antecedent assessment and treatment of tics in the general education classroom: a preliminary investigation. Behav Modif 29:839\u2013857. doi: 10.1177\/0145445505279252","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"525_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.7.952","volume":"65","author":"ML Welter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Welter ML, Mallet L, Houeto JL et al (2008) Internal pallidal and thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. Arch Neurol 65:952\u2013957. doi: 10.1001\/archneur.65.7.952","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"525_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80024-9","volume":"6","author":"T Wichmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wichmann T, DeLong MR (1996) Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:751\u2013758","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"525_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301194","volume":"31","author":"DF Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong DF, Kuwabara H, Schretlen DJ et al (2006) Increased occupancy of dopamine receptors in human striatum during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:2716\u20132727. doi: 10.1038\/sj.npp.1301194","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"525_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301528","volume":"33","author":"DF Wong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wong DF, Brasic JR, Singer HS et al (2008) Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:1239\u20131251. doi: 10.1038\/sj.npp.1301528","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"525_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2001.34-353","volume":"34","author":"DW Woods","year":"2001","unstructured":"Woods DW, Watson TS, Wolfe E, Twohig MP, Friman PC (2001) Analyzing the influence of tic-related talk on vocal and motor tics in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Appl Behav Anal 34:353\u2013356. doi: 10.1901\/jaba.2001.34-353","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal"},{"key":"525_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200512000-00001","volume":"26","author":"DW Woods","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woods DW, Piacentini J, Himle MB, Chang S (2005) Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS): initial psychometric results and examination of the premonitory urge phenomenon in youths with Tic disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr 26:397\u2013403","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"525_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws056","volume":"135","author":"Y Worbe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Worbe Y, Malherbe C, Hartmann A et al (2012) Functional immaturity of cortico-basal ganglia networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 135:1937\u20131946. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/aws056","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu311","volume":"138","author":"Y Worbe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Worbe Y, Marrakchi-Kacem L, Lecomte S et al (2015) Altered structural connectivity of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 138:472\u2013482. doi: 10.1093\/brain\/awu311","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"525_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13101306","volume":"172","author":"D Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu D, Mathews CA, Scharf JM et al (2015) Cross-disorder genome-wide analyses suggest a complex genetic relationship between Tourette\u2019s syndrome and OCD. Am J Psychiatry 172:82\u201393. doi: 10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13101306","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.161869","volume":"80","author":"P Zhuang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhuang P, Hallett M, Zhang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Li Y (2009) Neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus in patients with tics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:1075\u20131081. doi: 10.1136\/jnnp.2008.161869","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199211000-00010","volume":"31","author":"AH Zohar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zohar AH, Ratzoni G, Pauls DL et al (1992) An epidemiological study of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and related disorders in Israeli adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:1057\u20131061. doi: 10.1097\/00004583-199211000-00010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"525_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.012","volume":"172","author":"QH Zou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zou QH, Zhu CZ, Yang Y et al (2008) An improved approach to detection of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) for resting-state fMRI: fractional ALFF. J Neurosci Methods 172:137\u2013141. doi: 10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"}],"container-title":["Brain Topography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T20:30:44Z","timestamp":1568493044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0525-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-0267","1573-6792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-0267","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]}}}