{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:52:39Z","timestamp":1790707959242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#32003B_149628\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#32003B_149628\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008492","name":"Swiss Continence Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Topogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired lower urinary tract (LUT) afferents often cause LUT symptoms. Assessment of LUT afferent pathways is possible using bipolar cortical sensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings with the active electrode at the vertex during electrical stimulation in the LUT. This study aimed to investigate the topographical distribution and microstates of lower urinary tract sensory evoked potentials (LUTSEPs) using different stimulation frequencies. Ninety healthy subjects (18\u201336\u00a0years old, 40 women) were randomly assigned to one of five stimulation locations [bladder dome; trigone; proximal, membranous (men only) or distal urethra]. Cycles of 0.5\u00a0Hz\/1.1\u00a0Hz\/1.6\u00a0Hz electrical stimulation were applied using a custom-made catheter. Cortical activity was recorded from 64 surface electrodes. Marker setting was performed manually\u00a0on an individual subject-level for the P1, N1, and P2 components of vertex recordings. N1 and P2 topographies presented with central negativities and positivities around the vertex. Regarding topographical distribution, Randomization Graphical User interface (RAGU) analyses revealed consistent frequency effects and microstates for N1\/P2. Higher stimulation frequencies resulted in decreasing map strength for P1, N1, and P2. LUTSEP topographies suggest central generators in the somatosensory cortex, which are not detectable in a bipolar set-up. The observed frequency effect indicates fiber refractoriness at higher frequencies. The multichannel approach allows more comprehensive assessment of LUTSEPs and might therefore be sensitive to pathological changes. Examinations in patients with LUT symptoms are needed to further investigate this biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T17:02:35Z","timestamp":1602867755000},"page":"693-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Scalp Topography of Lower Urinary Tract Sensory Evoked Potentials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2688-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"van der Lely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina D.","family":"Liechti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"796_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704","volume":"187","author":"P Abrams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrams P et al (2002) The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International continence society. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:116\u2013126","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-22","volume":"1","author":"B Albrecht","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albrecht B, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Heinrich H, Rothenberger A (2005) Response inhibition deficits in externalizing child psychiatric disorders: an ERP-study with the stop-task. Behav Brain Funct 1:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-9081-1-22","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"796_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(82)90034-7","volume":"54","author":"G Badr","year":"1982","unstructured":"Badr G, Carlsson CA, Fall M, Friberg S, Lindstrom L, Ohlsson B (1982) Cortical evoked potentials following stimulation of the urinary bladder in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 54:494\u2013498","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"796_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01199778","volume":"8","author":"D Brandeis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brandeis D, Lehmann D, Michel CM, Mingrone W (1995) Mapping event-related brain potential microstates to sentence endings. Brain Topogr 8:145\u2013159","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"796_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26428","DOI":"10.3402\/snp.v5.26428","volume":"5","author":"F Cazala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cazala F, Vienney N, Stoleru S (2015) The cortical sensory representation of genitalia in women and men: a systematic review. Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol 5:26428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/snp.v5.26428","journal-title":"Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol"},{"key":"796_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.016","volume":"119","author":"G Cruccu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cruccu G et al (2008) Recommendations for the clinical use of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 119:1705\u20131719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"796_CR7","volume-title":"Sensory nerves","author":"WC de Groat","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Groat WC, Yoshimura N (2009) Afferent nerve regulation of bladder function in health and disease. In: Canning BJ, Spina D (eds) Sensory nerves. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.014","volume":"91","author":"AK Eberhard-Moscicka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eberhard-Moscicka AK, Jost LB, Fehlbaum LV, Pfenninger SE, Maurer U (2016) Temporal dynamics of early visual word processing\u2013early versus late N1 sensitivity in children and adults. Neuropsychologia 91:509\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401","volume":"9","author":"CJ Fowler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fowler CJ, Griffiths D, de Groat WC (2008) The neural control of micturition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:453\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2401","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"796_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37729-7","volume":"146","author":"H Ganzer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ganzer H, Madersbacher H, Rumpl E (1991) Cortical evoked potentials by stimulation of the vesicourethral junction: clinical value and neurophysiological considerations. J Urol 146:118\u2013123","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"796_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.1991.12068864","volume":"138","author":"TC Gerstenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gerstenberg TC, Nordling J, Hald T (1991) Evoked potentials from the lower urinary tract. II. The spino-cortical neuraxis A methodological study. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 138:41\u201346","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.151","volume":"189","author":"F Gregorini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gregorini F, Wollner J, Schubert M, Curt A, Kessler TM, Mehnert U (2013) Sensory evoked potentials of the human lower urinary tract. J Urol 189:2179\u20132185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.151","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13066","volume":"115","author":"F Gregorini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gregorini F, Kn\u00fcpfer SC, Liechti MD, Schubert M, Curt A, Kessler TM, Mehnert U (2015) Sensory evoked potentials of the bladder and urethra in middle-aged women: the effect of age. BJU Int 115(Suppl 6):18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13066","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"796_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000177450.34451.97","volume":"174","author":"D Griffiths","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffiths D, Derbyshire S, Stenger A, Resnick N (2005) Brain control of normal and overactive bladder. J Urol 174:1862\u20131867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000177450.34451.97","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"796_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3109\/00365598909180336","volume":"23","author":"MV Hansen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hansen MV, Ertekin C, Larsson LE, Pedersen K (1989) A neurophysiological study of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 23:267\u2013273","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"796_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG (2009) Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42:377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)00045-2","volume":"104","author":"C Kany","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kany C, Treede RD (1997) Median and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials: middle-latency components from the vicinity of the secondary somatosensory cortex in humans. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 104:402\u2013410","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010","volume":"49","author":"A Khanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khanna A, Pascual-Leone A, Michel CM, Farzan F (2015) Microstates in resting-state EEG: current status and future directions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 49:105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"796_CR20","first-page":"3","volume":"52","author":"GH Klem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klem GH, Luders HO, Jasper HH, Elger C (1999) The ten\u2013twenty electrode system of the International Federation The International Federation of clinical neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 52:3\u20136","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl"},{"key":"796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23600","volume":"37","author":"SC Kn\u00fcpfer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kn\u00fcpfer SC et al (2018) Sensory evoked cortical potentials of the lower urinary tract in healthy men. Neurourol Urodyn 37:2614\u20132624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23600","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"796_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596889.009","volume-title":"Electrical neuroimaging","author":"T Koenig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koenig T, Melie-Garc\u00eda L (2009) Statistical analysis of multichannel scalp field data. In: Michel CM, Koenig T, Brandeis D, Gianotti LRR, Wackermann J (eds) Electrical neuroimaging. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 169\u2013190"},{"key":"796_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-010-0142-1","volume":"23","author":"T Koenig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koenig T, Melie-Garcia L (2010) A method to determine the presence of averaged event-related fields using randomization tests. Brain Topogr 23:233\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-010-0142-1","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938925","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/938925","volume":"2011","author":"T Koenig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koenig T, Kottlow M, Stein M, Melie-Garcia L (2011) Ragu: a free tool for the analysis of EEG and MEG event-related scalp field data using global randomization statistics. Comput Intell Neurosci 2011:938925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/938925","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"796_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0310-1","volume":"27","author":"T Koenig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koenig T, Stein M, Grieder M, Kottlow M (2014) A tutorial on data-driven methods for statistically assessing ERP topographies. Brain Topogr 27:72\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-013-0310-1","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"796_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90419-8","volume":"48","author":"D Lehmann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lehmann D, Skrandies W (1980) Reference-free identification of components of checkerboard-evoked multichannel potential fields. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 48:609\u2013621","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"796_CR27","volume-title":"Randomization, bootstrap, and monte carlo methods in biology","author":"BF Manly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manly BF (2007) In: Manly BF (ed) Randomization, bootstrap, and monte carlo methods in biology, 3rd edn. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton, FL","edition":"3"},{"key":"796_CR28","first-page":"411","volume":"25","author":"M Meyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meyer M, Elmer S, Baumann S, Jancke L (2007) Short-term plasticity in the auditory system: differential neural responses to perception and imagery of speech and music. Restor Neurol Neurosci 25:411\u2013431","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.024","volume":"49","author":"L Michels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michels L, Mehnert U, Boy S, Schurch B, Kollias S (2010) The somatosensory representation of the human clitoris: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 49:177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.024","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"796_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","volume":"20","author":"MM Murray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murray MM, Brunet D, Michel CM (2008) Topographic ERP analyses: a step-by-step tutorial review. Brain Topogr 20:249\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"796_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1109\/10.391164","volume":"42","author":"RD Pascual-Marqui","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD, Michel CM, Lehmann D (1995) Segmentation of brain electrical activity into microstates: model estimation and validation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42:658\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/10.391164","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-013-1105-9","volume":"18","author":"G Pelliccioni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pelliccioni G, Piloni V, Sabbatini D, Fioravanti P, Scarpino O (2014) Sex differences in pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials. Tech Coloproctol 18:565\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-013-1105-9","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"796_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(95)00203-0","volume":"100","author":"Y Sarica","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sarica Y, Karatas M, Bozdemir H, Karacan I (1996) Cerebral responses elicited by stimulation of the vesico-urethral junction (VUJ) in diabetics. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 100:55\u201361","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"796_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.077","author":"K Spradling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spradling K et al (2015) Redefining the autonomic nerve distribution of the bladder using 3-dimensional image reconstruction. J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.077","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032177","volume":"77","author":"JJ Tecce","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tecce JJ (1972) Contingent negative variation (CNV) and psychological processes in man. Psychol Bull 77:73\u2013108","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-016-0188-9","author":"S van der Lely","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Lely S et al (2016) Protocol for a prospective, randomized study on neurophysiological assessment of lower urinary tract function in a healthy cohort. BMC Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-016-0188-9","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217503","volume":"14","author":"S van der Lely","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Lely S, Liechti MD, Popp WL, Schmidhalter MR, Kessler TM, Mehnert U (2019a) Does electrical stimulation in the lower urinary tract increase urine production? a randomised comparative proof-of-concept study in healthy volunteers. PLoS ONE 14:e0217503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217503","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54614-z","volume":"9","author":"S van der Lely","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Lely S, Liechti MD, Schmidhalter MR, Schubert M, Bachmann LM, Kessler TM, Mehnert U (2019b) Optimized measurement parameters of sensory evoked cortical potentials to assess human bladder afferents\u2014a randomized study. Sci Rep 9:19478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-54614-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Brain Topography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T22:36:37Z","timestamp":1696890997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-020-00796-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-0267","1573-6792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-0267","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"None of the authors have potential conflicts of interest to be disclosed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and \/or national research committee (Kantonale Ethikkommission Z\u00fcrich; KEK-ZH-Nr. 2013\u20100518) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}