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The peptides Neurotensin (NT) and Enkephalin (ENK)\u2014involved in tumorigenesis and obesity-related diseases\u2014are of interest. We wanted to know whether these biomarkers differ between gBMC and women from the general population and what effect a 1-year lifestyle-intervention has in gBMC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The stable precursor fragments pro-NT and pro-ENK were measured at study entry (SE), after 3 and 12\u00a0months for 68 women from LIBRE-1 (a controlled lifestyle-intervention feasibility trial for gBMC involving structured endurance training and the Mediterranean Diet). The SE values were compared with a cohort of the general population including female subjects with and without previous cancer disease, non-suggestive for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (OMA-reference). For LIBRE-1, we analysed the association between the intervention-related change in the two biomarkers and certain lifestyle factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At SE, gBMC had a higher median pro-NT than OMA-reference (in the subgroups with previous cancer 117 vs. 91\u00a0pmol\/L,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Non-diseased gBMC had lower median pro-ENK levels when compared to the non-diseased reference group. VO2peak and pro-NT 1-year change in LIBRE-1 were inversely correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.435; CI \u2212\u00a00.653 to \u2212\u00a00.151;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Pro-ENK correlated positively with VO2peak at SE (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.323; CI 0.061\u20130.544;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). Regression analyses showed an inverse association of 1-year changes for pro-NT and Omega-6\/Omega-3 (Estimate: \u2212\u00a037.9,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.097\/0.080) in multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results give first indications for lifestyle-related modification particularly of pro-NT in gBMC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-06070-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T18:22:35Z","timestamp":1612462955000},"page":"741-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Precursor fractions of neurotensin and enkephalin might point to molecular mechanisms of cancer risk modulation during a lifestyle-intervention in germline BRCA1\/2 gene mutation carriers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6735-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Grill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Yahiaoui-Doktor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Basrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Struck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janin","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Berling-Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan C.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Niederberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Chronas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Rhiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Schmutzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Halle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Kiechle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6070_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.557","volume":"9","author":"K Ferrini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrini K, Ghelfi F, Mannucci R, Titta L (2015) Lifestyle, nutrition and breast cancer: facts and presumptions for consideration. 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A company having patent rights in and commercializing the pro-NT and pro-ENK assay. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. All the other authors declare that they have no competing interests. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All women participated in the study voluntarily and gave written informed consent prior to study begin. They were informed that they can withdraw their consent and stop participation at any time without disclosing the reasons and without negative consequences for their future medical care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The responsible ethics review boards of all participating trial sites approved the study protocol (Reference Number 5686\/13 for the leading vote of the Klinikum Rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}