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Individuals without gout were matched to gout patients using propensity score matching based on average yearly consultation frequency during the follow-up period, diabetes, obesity, chronic bronchitis\/COPD diagnoses, and diuretic therapy. The 10-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer in the cohorts with and without gout was also studied using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves, which were then compared using the log-rank test. Finally, a univariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between gout and breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After up to 10\u00a0years of follow-up, 4.5% of gout and 3.7% of non-gout patients were diagnosed with breast cancer. A Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between gout and subsequent breast cancer in the total population (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.31). In the age-stratified analyses, gout was only strongly associated with subsequent breast cancer in the age group\u2009\u2264\u200950 (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10\u20132.27), but the association was not significant in women over 50\u00a0years old.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Taken together, the findings of our study provide evidence for the association between gout and subsequent breast cancer diagnosis, particularly in the youngest age group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-023-06944-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T10:04:04Z","timestamp":1681812244000},"page":"545-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between gout and subsequent breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study including 67,598 primary care patients in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"Gremke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Griewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0111-2","volume":"5","author":"N Harbeck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, Gnant M, Houssami N, Poortmans P, Ruddy K, Tsang J, Cardoso F (2019) Breast cancer. 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