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The heterogenicity of DCIS with variable clinical and histopathological presentations has been recognized. Nevertheless, only histopathological grading and diameter are currently implemented in clinical decision-making following the diagnosis of DCIS. The molecular subtypes of DCIS and their IHC surrogate markers have not been defined in conventional treatment guidelines and recommendations. We applied the definitions of molecular subtypes according to the IHC surrogate markers defined for IBC and subclassified high-grade DCIS, accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathological specimens were collected, revised, and regraded from 494 patients diagnosed with DCIS between 1996 and 2018. Other in situ and papillary\u00a0lesions observed in breast biopsies were excluded\u00a0from this study. 357 high-grade DCIS cases were submitted to IHC analysis. The markers investigated were ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      45 cases\u00a0were classified as grade 1, 19 as grade 2, and 430 as grade 3. Sixty patients with high-grade DCIS had an additional invasive component in the surgical specimen. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with recurrent DCIS or invasive cancer (minimum one\u00a0year after their primary DCIS diagnosis). The proportions of luminal A and luminal B HER2-negative subtypes varied depending on whether 2011 or 2013 St. Gallen Consensus Conference guidelines were adopted. Luminal A was the most prevalent subtype, according to both classifications. The luminal B HER2-positive subtype was found in 22.1% of cases, HER2-enriched subtype in 21.8%, and TPN subtype in 5.6%. There were strong indications that HER2-enriched subtype was significantly more frequent among DCIS with invasive component (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0169).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-grade DCIS exhibits all the molecular subtypes previously identified in IBC, but with a somewhat different distribution in our cohort. HER2-enriched subtype is substantially related to the presence of an invasive component in DCIS; consequently, it is regarded as a high-risk entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-023-07016-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T10:01:56Z","timestamp":1689415316000},"page":"329-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Subtypes of high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): incidence and potential clinical impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2517-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Schandiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daehoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Liu","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Lyngra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger Solvang","family":"Talleraas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torill","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01959-9","volume":"4","author":"S Nagasawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagasawa S, Kuze Y, Maeda I, Kojima Y, Motoyoshi A, Onishi T et al (2021) Genomic profiling reveals heterogeneous populations of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 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We received reservations from 10 patients, who were excluded from further analysis. Information letters to relatives of the deceased patients were not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}