{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:46:32Z","timestamp":1785847592071,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize clinical and molecular characteristics and prognosis among patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who undergo brain metastasis (BM) resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively identified patients with MBC who underwent BM resection from 2006 to 2024 at a single center. Chart abstraction was utilized to identify key demographic, treatment, and outcome data. Median real-world overall survival (mrwOS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method; the Cox proportional hazards model evaluated factors associated with mrwOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      107 patients were identified with the following MBC subtypes: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926, 24.3%), HER2+ (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945, 42.1%), and triple-negative (TNBC;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936, 33.6%). At time of initial BM surgical resection, 55 patients (51.4%) had CNS-only disease and 63 patients (58.9%) had a single BM. Most patients received systemic therapy after BM resection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200983\/95 with available systemic therapy records, 87.4%) and postoperative radiation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200992\/103 with available post-operative radiation records, 89.3%). Among patients with available BM receptor status (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200992), 25 (27.2%) had receptor discordance between BM and peripheral tissue testing, mostly loss of BM HR-positivity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920\/92, 21.7%). Among patients with available BM NGS testing (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940), the most common pathogenic alterations were\n                      <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928, 70.0%),\n                      <jats:italic>ERBB2<\/jats:italic>\n                      amplification (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, 37.5%), and\n                      <jats:italic>PIK3CA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099, 22.5%); 31 patients (77.5%) had therapeutically targetable mutations. mrwOS from BM resection was longer for patients with HR+\/HER2- and HER2+\u2009MBC vs. TNBC (40.3 and 37.8 months vs. 12.6 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 respectively). On multivariate analysis, receipt of systemic therapy (HR 0.09, CI 0.04\u20130.21,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (HR 0.41, CI 0.18\u20130.97,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) post-operatively were associated with longer mrwOS. Extracranial disease at time of resection (HR 4.60, CI 2.52\u20138.39,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and development of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) (HR 6.08, CI 3.00-12.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were associated with shorter mrwOS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survival after BM resection was ~3 years in patients with HR+\/HER2- and HER2+\u2009MBC and ~1 year in patients with TNBC. Extracranial disease at time of BM resection and development of LMD were associated with worse prognosis. Loss of HR-positivity and targetable mutations were present in ~22% and ~75% of resected BMs, respectively, supporting the utility of molecular analysis of resected BMs to guide management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-026-08032-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:55:21Z","timestamp":1784534121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and molecular features of resected breast cancer brain metastases: a single center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Nira A.","family":"Krasnow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Salans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie H.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Boreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve E.","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish K.","family":"Aghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Rugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Melisko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin A.","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish N.","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"8032_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.163","volume":"106","author":"G Frisk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frisk G, Svensson T, B\u00e4cklund LM, Lidbrink E, Blomqvist P, Smedby KE (2012) Incidence and time trends of brain metastases admissions among breast cancer patients in Sweden. 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Krasnow: No financial disclosures. Mia Salans: No financial disclosures. Michelle Jayaraj: No financial disclosures. Kelsey Kuwahara: No financial disclosures. Maggie H. Zhou: No financial disclosures. Lauren Boreta: No financial disclosures. Steve E. Braunstein: No financial disclosures. Manish K. Aghi: No financial disclosures. A. Jo Chien: Research funding to institution: Amgen, Merck, Olema Oncology, Pfizer, Puma, Seagen. Consulting\/Advisory: Genentech\/Roche, Pfizer, Ellipses, Lilly, Gilead. Hope Rugo: Consulting or advisory role for Napo, Bristol Myers Squibb, Helsinn, and BioNTech; institutional research funding to her prior institution (UCSF) from AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Lilly, Merck & Co., Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, F. Hoffman-La Roche\/AG\/Genentech, Stemline Therapeutics, and Ambryx; and institutional research funding to City of Hope from Bicycle Therapeutics, F. Hoffman-La Roche\/AG\/Genentech, PhoenixMD, Merck, Relay Therapeutics, Pfizer, MabWell, BridgeBio and Stemline Therapeutics. Michelle E. Melisko: Research funding to institution: AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, KCRN Research, Puma, Lilly, Gilead, and Puma. For spouse: Speaker bureau\/honoraria: Genentech, Gilead, AstraZeneca. Stock Ownership: Merrimack. Ramin A. Morshed: No financial disclosures. Harish N. Vasudevan: Consulting: GondolaBio. Laura A. Huppert: Adboard\/consulting: Boehringer Ingelheim. Research funding to institution: Genentech, Gilead, Greenwich LifeSciences, Johnson&Johnson, Merck, Mersana, Pfizer. Travel to academic meetings: Daiichi Sankyo. Book royalties: McGraw Hill.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"16"}}