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Our paper demonstrates to the utility of historical research to modern slavery researchers by explaining the rise and fall of the ethics-driven market category of \u201cfree-grown sugar\u201d in nineteenth-century Britain. In the first decades of the century, the market category of \u201cfree-grown sugar\u201d enabled consumers who were opposed to slavery to pay a premium for a more ethical product. After circa 1840, this market category disappeared, even though considerable quantities of slave-grown sugar continued to arrive into the UK. We explain the disappearance of the market category. Our paper contributes to the on-going debates about slavery in management by historicizing and thus problematizing the concept of \u201cslavery\u201d. The paper challenges those modern slavery scholars who argue that lack of consumer knowledge about product provenance is the main barrier to the elimination of slavery from today\u2019s international supply chains. The historical research presented in this paper suggests that consumer indifference, rather than simply ignorance, may be the more fundamental problem. The paper challenges the optimistic historical metanarrative that pervades much of the research on ethical consumption. It highlights the fragility of ethics-driven market categories, offering lessons for researchers and practitioners seeking to tackle modern slavery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-019-04318-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T11:08:00Z","timestamp":1572260880000},"page":"271-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Historicizing Modern Slavery: Free-Grown Sugar as an Ethics-Driven Market Category in Nineteenth-Century Britain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4318_CR1","volume-title":"Sugarcane and sugar in Gorakhpur: An inquiry into peasant production of capitalist enterprise in colonial India","author":"S Amin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Amin, S. 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