{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:12:54Z","timestamp":1791904374873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the fintech center, morgan state university"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Bus Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T10:02:50Z","timestamp":1643796170000},"page":"1009-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["The Ethics of Blockchain in Organizations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0627-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica M.","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Ghodoosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5058_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2307\/2564543","volume":"94","author":"B Ackerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ackerman, B. (1997). Temporal horizons of justice. The Journal of Philosophy, 94(6), 299\u2013317.","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"issue":"5","key":"5058_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616861","volume":"15","author":"NZ Aitzhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aitzhan, N. Z., & Svetinovic, D. (2016). Security and privacy in decentralized energy trading through multi-signatures, blockchain and anonymous messaging streams. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 15(5), 840\u2013852.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"5058_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03620-w","author":"S Akter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akter, S., Michael, K., Uddin, M. R., McCarthy, G., & Rahman, M. (2020). Transforming business using digital innovations: The application of AI, blockchain, cloud and data analytics. Annals of Operations Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-020-03620-w","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"5058_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-11-2019-0297","author":"R Alkhudary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhudary, R., Brusset, X., & Fenies, P. (2020). Blockchain in general management and economics: A systematic literature review. European Business Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/EBR-11-2019-0297","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR5","first-page":"48","volume":"24","author":"DG Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48\u201364.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Perspectives"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-014-2354-x","volume":"132","author":"JJ Angel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angel, J. J., & McCabe, D. (2015). The ethics of payments: Paper, plastic, or Bitcoin? Journal of Business Ethics, 132(3), 603\u2013611.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/3219725","volume":"78","author":"J Annas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Annas, J. (2004). Being virtuous and doing the right thing. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, 78(2), 61\u201375.","journal-title":"Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"5058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.2307\/256933","volume":"40","author":"K Aquino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aquino, K., Griffeth, R. W., Allen, D. G., & Hom, P. W. (1997). Integrating justice constructs into the turnover process: A test of a referent cognitions model. Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), 1208\u20131227.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"5058_CR9","volume-title":"The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure","author":"R Ashkenas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ashkenas, R. (1995). The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. The Jossey-Bass Management Series."},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2016.02.006","volume":"27","author":"GC Banks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634\u2013652.","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"5058_CR11","unstructured":"BasuMallick, C. (2020). 10 Startups using blockchain to answer key HR, HR technologist. https:\/\/www.hrtechnologist.com\/articles\/digital-transformation\/top-blockchain-hr-startups\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-9686-3","volume":"84","author":"A Bertland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bertland, A. (2009). Virtue ethics in business and the capabilities approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 25\u201332.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.2.213","volume":"29","author":"R B\u00f6hme","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., & Moore, T. (2015). Bitcoin: Economics, technology, and governance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(2), 213\u2013238.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/3857390","volume":"5","author":"FN Brady","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brady, F. N., & Dunn, C. P. (1995). Business meta-ethics: An analysis of two theories. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(3), 385\u2013398.","journal-title":"Business Ethics Quarterly"},{"issue":"8","key":"5058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017997200200","volume":"16","author":"KB Brewer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brewer, K. B. (1997). Management as a practice: A response to Alasdair MacIntyre. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(8), 825\u2013833.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR16","first-page":"5","volume":"28","author":"JW Brinsfield","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brinsfield, J. W. (1998). Army values and ethics: A search for consistency and relevance. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 28(3), 5.","journal-title":"The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters"},{"key":"5058_CR17","volume-title":"The unnatural lottery: Character and moral luck","author":"C Card","year":"2010","unstructured":"Card, C. (2010). The unnatural lottery: Character and moral luck. Temple University Press."},{"key":"5058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, C. E., & Einwiller, S. A. (2014). Disclosure alignment and transparency signaling in CSR reports. In Communication and language analysis in the corporate world (pp. 249\u2013270). IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-4999-6.ch015"},{"key":"5058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-05020-x","author":"CE Carroll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carroll, C. E., & Olegario, R. (2020). Pathways to corporate accountability: Corporate reputation and its alternatives. Journal of Business Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-021-05020-x","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR20","first-page":"10","volume":"121","author":"MJ Casey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casey, M. J., & Vigna, P. (2018). In blockchain we trust. MIT Technology Review, 121(3), 10\u201316.","journal-title":"MIT Technology Review"},{"key":"5058_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2962017","volume":"8","author":"F Casino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casino, F., Politou, E., Alepis, E., & Patsakis, C. (2019). Immutability and decentralized storage: An analysis of emerging threats. IEEE Access, 8, 4737\u20134744.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5058_CR22","unstructured":"del Castillo, M. (2019). Blockchain goes to work at Walmart, Amazon, JPMorgan, Cargill and 46 other enterprises. Forbes. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/michaeldelcastillo\/2019\/04\/16\/blockchain-goes-to-work\/#32ee12ef2a40"},{"key":"5058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62478","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983601","volume":"8","author":"SE Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang, S. E., & Chen, Y. (2020). When blockchain meets supply chain: A systematic literature review on current development and potential applications. IEEE Access, 8, 62478\u201362494.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5058_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Chen, S., & Lin, I. (2018). Blockchain based smart contract for bidding system. Paper presented at the 2018 IEEE international conference on applied system invention (ICASI) (pp. 208\u2013211).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASI.2018.8394569"},{"key":"5058_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., & Bellavitis, C. (2020). Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, e00151.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbvi.2019.e00151"},{"key":"5058_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, M. J. M., Colman, A., Kabir, M. A., Han, J., & Sarda, P. (2018). Blockchain versus database: A critical analysis. In 2018 17th IEEE International conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications\/12th IEEE international conference on big data science and engineering (TrustCom\/BigDataSE) (pp. 1348\u20131353). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00186"},{"key":"5058_CR27","volume-title":"Honest government: An ethics guide for public service","author":"WM Cody","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cody, W. M., & Lynn, R. R. (1992). Honest government: An ethics guide for public service. ABC-CLIO."},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425","volume":"86","author":"JA Colquitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"5058_CR29","unstructured":"McKinsey & Company. (2020). How covid-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point and transformed business forever. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/strategy-and-corporate-finance\/our-insights\/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever"},{"key":"5058_CR30","unstructured":"Corkery, M., & Popper, N. (2018). From farm to blockchain: Walmart tracks its lettuce. New York Times. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/24\/business\/walmart-blockchain-lettuce.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00872170","volume":"11","author":"PJ Dean","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dean, P. J. (1992). Making codes of ethics \u2018real.\u2019 Journal of Business Ethics, 11(4), 285\u2013290.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.3930290409","volume":"29","author":"MA Devanna","year":"1990","unstructured":"Devanna, M. A., & Tichy, N. (1990). Creating the competitive organization of the 21st century: The boundaryless corporation. Human Resource Management, 29(4), 455\u2013471.","journal-title":"Human Resource Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3298-0","volume":"152","author":"C Dierksmeier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dierksmeier, C., & Seele, P. (2018). Cryptocurrencies and business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/beer.12259","volume":"29","author":"C Dierksmeier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dierksmeier, C., & Seele, P. (2020). Blockchain and business ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 348\u2013359.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"key":"5058_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dineen, B. R., & Allen, D. G. (2013). Internet recruiting 2.0: shifting paradigms. In K. Y. T. Yu, & D. M. Cable (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of recruitment (pp. 382\u2013401). New York: Oxford University Publishers.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199756094.013.007"},{"key":"5058_CR36","first-page":"43","volume-title":"APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology","author":"BR Dineen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dineen, B. R., & Soltis, S. M. (2011). Recruitment: A review of research and emerging directions. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 43\u201366). American Psychological Association."},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/3857352","volume":"5","author":"TW Dunfee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dunfee, T. W., & Donaldson, T. (1995). Contractarian business ethics: Current status and next steps. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(2), 173\u2013186.","journal-title":"Business Ethics Quarterly"},{"key":"5058_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1847979020966400","author":"O Fachrunnisa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fachrunnisa, O., & Hussain, F. K. (2020). Blockchain-based human resource management practices for mitigating skills and competencies gap in workforce. International Journal of Engineering Business Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1847979020966400","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Business Management"},{"key":"5058_CR39","unstructured":"Farrar, L. (2019). Human Resources 2.0: How people operations is powering higher productivity. Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurelfarrer\/2019\/03\/28\/human-resources-2-0-how-people-operations-is-powering-higher-productivity\/?sh=3494e0b64b4b"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR40","first-page":"32","volume":"60","author":"T Felin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Felin, T., & Lakhani, K. (2018). What problems will you solve with blockchain? MIT Sloan Management Review, 60(1), 32\u201338.","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"5058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Filippi, P. (2015). Translating commons-based peer production into metrics: Towards commons-based crypto-currencies. In D. Lee & K. Chuen (Ed.), The handbook of digital currency. Amsterdam: Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802117-0.00023-0"},{"key":"5058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Filippi, P., & Loveluck, B. (2016). The invisible politics of Bitcoin: Governance crisis of a decentralised infrastructure. Internet Policy Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14763\/2016.3.427.","DOI":"10.14763\/2016.3.427"},{"key":"5058_CR43","volume-title":"Natural goodness","author":"P Foot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foot, P. (2003). Natural goodness. Clarendon Press."},{"key":"5058_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S0733-558X20200000066005","volume-title":"An institutional logics perspective on the gig economy","author":"K Frenken","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frenken, K., Vaskelainen, T., F\u00fcnfschilling, L., & Piscicelli, L. (2020). An institutional logics perspective on the gig economy. Variety and trajectories of new forms of organizing. Emerald Publishing Limited."},{"key":"5058_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frizzo-Barker, J., Chow-White, P. A., Adams, P. R., Mentanko, J., Ha, D., & Green, S. (2020). Blockchain as a disruptive technology for business: A systematic review. International Journal of Information Management, 51, 102029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.10.014"},{"issue":"6","key":"5058_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028958","volume":"97","author":"RS Gajendran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gajendran, R. S., & Joshi, A. (2012). Innovation in globally distributed teams: The role of LMX, communication frequency, and member influence on team decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1252.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"5058_CR47","unstructured":"Ghodoosi, F. (2021). Contracting in the age of smart contracts. Washington Law Review, https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3449674."},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCMA-10-2019-0203","volume":"32","author":"F Ghodoosi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghodoosi, F., & Sharif, M. M. (2021). Justice in arbitration: The consumer perspective. International Journal of Conflict Management, 32(4), 626\u2013647.","journal-title":"International Journal of Conflict Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1353\/pew.2001.0022","volume":"51","author":"NF Gier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gier, N. F. (2001). The dancing Ru: A Confucian aesthetics of virtue. Philosophy East and West, 51(2), 280\u2013305.","journal-title":"Philosophy East and West"},{"key":"5058_CR50","first-page":"175","volume":"9","author":"GB Graen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 175\u2013208.","journal-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/1048-9843(95)90036-5","volume":"6","author":"GB Graen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader\u2013member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219\u2013247.","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014090411946","volume":"36","author":"MR Greenwood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greenwood, M. R. (2002). Ethics and HRM: A review and conceptual analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 36(3), 261\u2013278.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1354-y","volume":"114","author":"M Greenwood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greenwood, M. (2013). Ethical analyses of HRM: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 355\u2013366.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gudkov, A. (2020). Crowd arbitration: Blockchain dispute resolution. Legal Issues in the Digital Age. https:\/\/digitalawjournal.hse.ru\/article\/view\/11780.","DOI":"10.17323\/2713-2749.2020.3.59.77"},{"issue":"7","key":"5058_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00881445","volume":"11","author":"RS Hansen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hansen, R. S. (1992). A multidimensional scale for measuring business ethics: A purification and refinement. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(7), 523\u2013534.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, S. (2020). Impact of blockchain applications on trust in business. iBusiness, 12(3), 103\u2013112.","DOI":"10.4236\/ib.2020.123007"},{"key":"5058_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann, F., Wurster, S., Ron, E., & B\u00f6hmecke-Schwafert, M. (2017). The immutability concept of blockchains and benefits of early standardization. In 2017 ITU Kaleidoscope: Challenges for a data-driven society (ITU K) (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/ITU-WT.2017.8247004"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/002224379303000107","volume":"30","author":"SD Hunt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hunt, S. D., & Vasquez-Parraga, A. Z. (1993). Organizational consequences, marketing ethics, and salesforce supervision. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 78\u201390.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"5058_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyrynsalmi, S., Hyrynsalmi, S. M., & Kimppa, K. K. (2020). Blockchain ethics: A systematic literature review of blockchain research. In International conference on well-being in the information society (pp. 145\u2013155). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57847-3_10"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR60","first-page":"118","volume":"95","author":"M Iansiti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 118\u2013127.","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"5058_CR61","unstructured":"Work Institute. (2019). 2019 Retention Report. http:\/\/workinstitute.com\/retentionreport2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1427-y","volume":"111","author":"G Jack","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jack, G., Greenwood, M., & Schapper, J. (2012). Frontiers, intersections and engagements of ethics and HRM. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(1), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"56","author":"R Kher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kher, R., Terjesen, S., & Liu, C. (2020). Blockchain, bitcoin, and ICOs: A review and research agenda. Small Business Economics, 56(2), 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"5058_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120254","volume":"161","author":"D Kimani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kimani, D., Adams, K., Attah-Boakye, R., Ullah, S., Frecknall-Hughes, J., & Kim, J. (2020). Blockchain, business and the fourth industrial revolution: Whence, whither, wherefore and how? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120254.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"5058_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2019.101067","volume":"51","author":"A Klarin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klarin, A. (2020). The decade-long cryptocurrencies and the blockchain rollercoaster: Mapping the intellectual structure and charting future directions. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101067.","journal-title":"Research in International Business and Finance"},{"key":"5058_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2307\/3857397","volume":"5","author":"D Koehn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Koehn, D. (1995). A role for virtue ethics in the analysis of business practice. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5, 533\u2013539.","journal-title":"Business Ethics Quarterly"},{"key":"5058_CR67","first-page":"3","volume":"123","author":"P Kuhn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuhn, P., & Skuterud, M. (2000). Job search methods: Internet versus traditional. Monthly Labor Review, 123, 3\u201311.","journal-title":"Monthly Labor Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006218707616","volume":"26","author":"EC Limbs","year":"2000","unstructured":"Limbs, E. C., & Fort, T. L. (2000). Nigerian business practices and their interface with virtue ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 26(2), 169\u2013179.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195072921.001.0001","volume-title":"Morality and moral theory: A reappraisal and reaffirmation","author":"RB Louden","year":"1992","unstructured":"Louden, R. B. (1992). Morality and moral theory: A reappraisal and reaffirmation. Oxford University Press on Demand."},{"issue":"6","key":"5058_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.2307\/3313072","volume":"152","author":"D Markovits","year":"2004","unstructured":"Markovits, D. (2004). The No-Retraction Principle and the Morality of Negotiations. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 152(6), 1903\u20131921.","journal-title":"University of Pennsylvania Law Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017912300819","volume":"17","author":"J McCracken","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCracken, J., Martin, W., & Shaw, B. (1998). Virtue Ethics and the Parable of the Sadhu. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(1), 25\u201338.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2389.00241","volume":"11","author":"MA McManus","year":"2003","unstructured":"McManus, M. A., & Ferguson, M. W. (2003). Biodata, personality, and demographic differences of recruits from threes sources. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11, 175\u2013183.","journal-title":"International Journal of Selection and Assessment"},{"key":"5058_CR73","first-page":"69","volume":"5","author":"J Metzger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metzger, J. (2018). Decentralized Justice in the Era of Blockchain. IJODR, 5, 69.","journal-title":"IJODR"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-018-3923-1","volume":"160","author":"C Meyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meyer, C., & Hudon, M. (2019). Money and the commons: An investigation of complementary currencies and their ethical implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 160(1), 277\u2013292.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-4822(91)90011-Z","volume":"1","author":"JP Meyer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61\u201389.","journal-title":"Human Resource Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-006-9152-z","volume":"72","author":"ER Micewski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Micewski, E. R., & Troy, C. (2007). Business ethics\u2013deontologically revisited. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 17\u201325.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006072413165","volume":"18","author":"PE Murphy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Murphy, P. E. (1999). Character and virtue ethics in international marketing: An agenda for managers, researchers and educators. Journal of Business Ethics, 18(1), 107\u2013124.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/29053","volume-title":"Distributed ledger technology and blockchain","author":"H Natarajan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Natarajan, H., Krause, S., & Gradstein, H. (2017). Distributed ledger technology and blockchain. World Bank."},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/713678045","volume":"1","author":"M Nussbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women\u2019s capabilities and social justice. Journal of Human Development, 1(2), 219\u2013247.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/19452829.2011.541731","volume":"12","author":"MC Nussbaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Capabilities, entitlements, rights: Supplementation and critique. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12(1), 23\u201337.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR81","first-page":"28","volume":"1","author":"K \u00d6ncu","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6ncu, K. (2019). Software development methodology selection with human resource management approach and a new system design on database: Blockchain application. Quantrade Journal of Complex Systems in Social Sciences, 1(1), 28\u201339.","journal-title":"Quantrade Journal of Complex Systems in Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.11.4.404.14600","volume":"11","author":"WJ Orlikowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Orlikowski, W. J. (2000). Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science, 11(4), 404\u2013428.","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"5058_CR83","volume-title":"Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership","author":"CL Pearce","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2002). Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership. Sage."},{"issue":"5","key":"5058_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2008.07.005","volume":"19","author":"CL Pearce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pearce, C. L., Conger, J. A., & Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 622\u2013628.","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"5058_CR85","unstructured":"Pierson, E., Corbett-Davies, S., & Goel, S. (2018). Fast threshold tests for detecting discrimination. In International conference on artificial intelligence and statistics (pp. 96\u2013105)."},{"key":"5058_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119629573","volume-title":"Blockchain: The advent of disintermediation","author":"M Quiniou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quiniou, M. (2019). Blockchain: The advent of disintermediation. Wiley."},{"key":"5058_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691155333.001.0001","volume-title":"Boilerplate: The fine print, vanishing rights, and the rule of law","author":"MJ Radin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Radin, M. J. (2012). Boilerplate: The fine print, vanishing rights, and the rule of law. Princeton University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2017.1254579","volume":"26","author":"R Rahimi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rahimi, R. (2017). Organizational culture and customer relationship management: A simple linear regression analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(4), 443\u2013449.","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/10627260802153421","volume":"21","author":"B Rawlins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rawlins, B. (2008). Give the emperor a mirror: Toward developing a stakeholder measurement of organizational transparency. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(1), 71\u201399.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Relations Research"},{"key":"5058_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rawls, J. (1991). Justice as fairness: Political not metaphysical. In Equality and liberty (pp. 145\u2013173). Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-21763-2_10"},{"issue":"14","key":"5058_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2013.763843","volume":"24","author":"C Rees","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rees, C., Alfes, K., & Gatenby, M. (2013). Employee voice and engagement: Connections and consequences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2780\u20132798.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Human Resource Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/00909882.2019.1654125","volume":"47","author":"H Rim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rim, H., Swenson, R., & Anderson, B. (2019). What happens when brands tell the truth? Exploring the effects of transparency signaling on corporate reputation for agribusiness. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 47(4), 439\u2013459.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Communication Research"},{"key":"5058_CR93","unstructured":"Sandner, P. (2021). Decentralized finance will change your understanding of financial systems. Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/philippsandner\/2021\/02\/22\/decentralized-finance-will-change-your-understanding-of-financial-systems\/?sh=7c0bfd825b52"},{"key":"5058_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarda, P., Chowdhury, M. J. M., Colman, A., Kabir, M. A., & Han, J. (2018). Blockchain for fraud prevention: a work-history fraud prevention system. In: 2018 17th IEEE international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications\/12th IEEE international conference on big data science and engineering (TrustCom\/BigDataSE) (pp. 1858\u20131863). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00281"},{"key":"5058_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0199257671.001.0001","volume-title":"Boundaries and allegiances: Problems of justice and responsibility in liberal thought","author":"S Scheffler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scheffler, S. (2002). Boundaries and allegiances: Problems of justice and responsibility in liberal thought. Oxford University Press on Demand."},{"key":"5058_CR95","unstructured":"Schmitz, A., & Rule, C. (2019). Online dispute resolution for smart contracts. Journal of Dispute Resolution. https:\/\/scholarship.law.missouri.edu\/facpubs\/726"},{"issue":"4","key":"5058_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010759319845","volume":"31","author":"MW Seeger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2001). Virtuous responses to organizational crisis: Aaron Feuerstein and Milt Colt. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(4), 369\u2013376.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1056492617734942","volume":"27","author":"MDL Seidel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seidel, M. D. L. (2018). Questioning centralized organizations in a time of distributed trust. Journal of Management Inquiry, 27(1), 40\u201344.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Inquiry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021914218659","volume":"42","author":"KJ Shanahan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shanahan, K. J., & Hyman, M. R. (2003). The development of a virtue ethics scale. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(2), 197\u2013208.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5058_CR99","volume-title":"Ethics and excellence: Cooperation and integrity in business","author":"RC Solomon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Solomon, R. C. (1992). Ethics and excellence: Cooperation and integrity in business. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2307\/256220","volume":"29","author":"DG Spencer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spencer, D. G. (1986). Employee voice and employee retention. Academy of Management Journal, 29(3), 488\u2013502.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2015.01.002","volume":"25","author":"DL Stone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L., Lukaszewski, K. M., & Johnson, R. (2015). The influence of technology on the future of human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), 216\u2013231.","journal-title":"Human Resource Management Review"},{"key":"5058_CR102","first-page":"22","volume-title":"The brave new world of eHR: Human resources management in the digital age","author":"DL Stone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stone, D. L., Lukaszewski, K., & Isenhour, L. C. (2005). E-Recruiting: Online strategies for attracting talent. In H. G. Gueutal & D. L. Stone (Eds.), The brave new world of eHR: Human resources management in the digital age (pp. 22\u201353). Jossey Bass."},{"key":"5058_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-3601(02)03003-5","volume-title":"Advances in human performance and cognitive engineering research","author":"DL Stone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stone, D. L., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Lukaszewski, K. (2003). The functional and dysfunctional consequences of human resource information technology for organizations and their employees. In D. Stone (Ed.), Advances in human performance and cognitive engineering research (Vol. 3, pp. 37\u201368). Elsevier."},{"key":"5058_CR104","first-page":"146","volume":"3","author":"AJ Sulkowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sulkowski, A. J. (2020). The Tao of DAO: Hardcoding business ethics on blockchain. The Business & Finance Law Review, 3, 146.","journal-title":"The Business & Finance Law Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR105","first-page":"18","volume":"16","author":"N Szabo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Szabo, N. (1996). Smart contracts: Building blocks for digital markets. EXTROPY: the Journal of Transhumanist Thought, 16(2), 18.","journal-title":"EXTROPY: the Journal of Transhumanist Thought"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-10-2018-0491","volume":"33","author":"Y Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Xiong, J., Becerril-Arreola, R., & Iyer, L. (2020). Ethics of blockchain. Information Technology & People, 33(2), 602\u2013632.","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"2","key":"5058_CR107","first-page":"10","volume":"58","author":"D Tapscott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2017). How blockchain will change organizations. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(2), 10.","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5840\/soctheorpract20002639","volume":"26","author":"L Tessman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tessman, L. (2000). Moral luck in the politics of personal transformation. Social Theory and Practice, 26(3), 375\u2013395.","journal-title":"Social Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"5058_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.3571047","volume":"50","author":"P Treleaven","year":"2017","unstructured":"Treleaven, P., Brown, R. G., & Yang, D. (2017). Blockchain technology in finance. Computer, 50(9), 14\u201317.","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"5058_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truong, N. B., Um, T., Zhou, B., & Lee, G. M. (2018). Strengthening the blockchain-based internet of value with trust. Paper presented at the 2018 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC) (pp. 1\u20137).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8423014"},{"issue":"3","key":"5058_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206307300818","volume":"33","author":"AS Tsui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tsui, A. S., Nifadkar, S. S., & Ou, A. Y. (2007). Cross-national, cross-cultural organizational behavior research: Advances, gaps, and recommendations. Journal of Management, 33(3), 426\u2013478.","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206307308913","volume":"34","author":"FO Walumbwa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89\u2013126.","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"5058_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2019.2938190","volume":"6","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, S., Ding, W., Li, J., Yuan, Y., Ouyang, L., & Wang, F. Y. (2019). Decentralized autonomous organizations: Concept, model, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 6(5), 870\u2013878.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"5058_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11449.001.0001","volume-title":"The blockchain and the new architecture of trust","author":"K Werbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Werbach, K. (2018). The blockchain and the new architecture of trust. MIT."},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-018-3779-4","volume":"156","author":"G Whelan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whelan, G. (2019). Trust in surveillance: A reply to Etzioni. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(1), 15\u201319.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"5058_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jsc.2144","volume":"26","author":"GR White","year":"2017","unstructured":"White, G. R. (2017). Future applications of blockchain in business and management: A Delphi study. Strategic Change, 26(5), 439\u2013451.","journal-title":"Strategic Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"5058_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-019-0147-z","volume":"5","author":"M Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, M., Chen, X., & Kou, G. (2019). A systematic review of blockchain. Financial Innovation, 5(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Financial Innovation"},{"key":"5058_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(01)00046-2","volume":"18","author":"RR Zusman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zusman, R. R., & Landis, R. S. (2002). Applicant preferences for web-based versus traditional job postings. Computer in Human Behavior, 18, 285\u2013296.","journal-title":"Computer in Human Behavior"}],"container-title":["Journal of Business Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:19:48Z","timestamp":1744197588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05058-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4544","1573-0697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4544","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interests associated with this paper. This research does not have data and therefore does not involve human participants nor does it require informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}