{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T04:31:48Z","timestamp":1783225908544,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Bus Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supererogation has gained attention as a means of explaining the voluntary behaviours of individuals and organizations that are done for the benefit of others and which go above what is required of legislation and what may be expected by society. Whilst the emerging literature has made some significant headway in exploring supererogation as an ethical lens for the study of business there remain several important issues that require attention. These comprise, the lack of primary evidence upon which such examinations have been made, attention has been given to only singular pro-social acts of organizations, and the focus has been upon the actions of large organizations. Furthermore, Heyd\u2019s (Supererogation, Cambridge University Press, 1982) original taxonomy of six supererogatory acts, comprising Moral Heroism, Beneficence, Volunteering, Favour, Forgiveness and Forbearance, has been considered to be complete and other forms of supererogatory acts have not yet been explored. In order to address these gaps this study poses the research questions: First, it studies how a single, contemporary SME performs multiple supererogatory acts in its attempts to address its social and environmental goals that go beyond CSR. Second, it seeks to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of Heyd\u2019s (Supererogation, Cambridge University Press, 1982) taxonomy of six forms of supererogation through the capture of primary data. This research makes a three-year case study examination of a single SME that has been formally recognized for its work in addressing social and environmental issues at local, national and global levels. Primary data are acquired of the supererogatory acts that it performs through a three-year participant observation case study, utilizing 61 interviews and 3 focus groups with internal and external stakeholders. In doing so, it addresses the empirical limitations of the extant research, substantiates each of the forms that supererogatory acts may take, and makes a contribution to the theory of supererogation by identifying a further class of act that is \u2018Sharing\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T12:03:30Z","timestamp":1656072210000},"page":"665-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring and Expanding Supererogatory Acts: Beyond Duty for a Sustainable Future"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Gareth R. T.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4483-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1017\/mor.2020.27","volume":"16","author":"S Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali, S., & Weir, D. (2020). Wasta: Advancing a holistic model to bridge the micromacro divide. Management and Organisation Review, 16(3), 657\u2013685.","journal-title":"Management and Organisation Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-05-2013-0009","volume":"3","author":"C Anagnostopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anagnostopoulos, C., & Shilbury, D. (2013). Implementing corporate social responsibility in English football: Towards multi-theoretical integration. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 3(4), 268\u2013284.","journal-title":"Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"J Andrade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrade, J. (2019). They Can Be Choosers: Aid, Levinas and unconditional cash transfers. African Journal of Business Ethics, 13(2), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"African Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-07-2013-0022","volume":"4","author":"N Ara\u00fajo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, N., de Carlos, P., & Antonio Fraiz, J. (2014). Top European football clubs and social networks: a true 2.0 relationship? Sport, Business and Management, 4(3), 250\u2013264.","journal-title":"Sport, Business and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11406-013-9422-9","volume":"41","author":"A Archer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Archer, A. (2013). Supererogation and intentions of the agent. Philosophia, 41(2), 447\u2013462.","journal-title":"Philosophia"},{"key":"5144_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.5840\/jpr201681787","volume":"41","author":"A Archer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Archer, A. (2016). Motivational judgement internalism and the problem of supererogation. Journal of Philosophical Research, 41, 601\u2013621.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Research"},{"key":"5144_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/theo.12085","volume":"82","author":"A Archer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Archer, A. (2016b). Are acts of supererogation always praiseworthy? Theoria, 82, 238\u2013255.","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"5144_CR8","first-page":"1575","volume":"172","author":"A Archer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Archer, A., & Ridge, M. (2015). The Heroism Paradox: Another paradox of supererogation. Philosophy Studies, 172, 1575\u20131592.","journal-title":"Philosophy Studies"},{"key":"5144_CR9","unstructured":"Arthur Page Society. (2015). Retrieved from https:\/\/page.org\/attachments\/1edd5184509636aabbdc07ef0c3546e0facf5c0c\/store\/00f8d9b37cec4d725c881b7235467635aeab21b4d2333398c819839d426b\/General-Motors-Case-Study-2015.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1108\/SRJ-11-2016-0205","volume":"14","author":"V Baena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baena, V. (2018). The importance of CSR practices carried out by sport teams and its influence on brand love: The Real Madrid Foundation. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(1), 61\u201379.","journal-title":"Social Responsibility Journal"},{"key":"5144_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-011-1171-8","volume":"101","author":"M Baker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baker, M., & Roberts, J. (2011). All in the Mind? Ethical identity and the allure of corporate responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 101, 5\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1108\/13555851011013146","volume":"22","author":"C Bal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bal, C., Quester, P., & Plewa, C. (2010). Emotions and sponsorship: A key to global effectiveness? A comparative study of Australia and France. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 22(1), 40\u201354.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/030630700102700101","volume":"27","author":"JMT Balmer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Balmer, J. M. T. (2001). The three virtues and seven deadly sins of corporate branding. Journal of General Management, 27(1), 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Journal of General Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR14","first-page":"841","volume":"41","author":"R Bapna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bapna, R., Qiu, L., & Rice, S. (2017). Repeated interactions versus social ties: Quantifying the economic value of trust, forgiveness, and reputation using a field experiment. Misquarterly, 41(3), 841\u2013866.","journal-title":"Misquarterly"},{"key":"5144_CR15","volume-title":"Something to Shout About: The History of Forest Green Rovers FC","author":"T Barnard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barnard, T. (2006). Something to Shout About: The History of Forest Green Rovers FC. The History Press."},{"key":"5144_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnett, M. L., Henriques, I., & Husted, B. W. (2020). Beyond Good Intentions: designing CSR initiatives for greater social impact. Journal of Management, forthcoming.","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206319900539"},{"key":"5144_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batson, C. D., & Powell, A. A. (2003). Altruism and prosocial behaviour. In Millon, T., & Lerner, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology. Wiley","DOI":"10.1002\/0471264385.wei0519"},{"key":"5144_CR18","unstructured":"BBC. (2018). Forest Green Rovers Named \u2018Greenest Football Club in World\u2019. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-gloucestershire45677536."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5144_CR19","first-page":"19","volume":"6","author":"PA Becker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Becker, P. A. (2013). The contribution of Emmanuel Levinas to corporate social responsibility and business ethics in the post-modern era. Journal of International Business Ethics, 6(1\u20132), 19\u201326.","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11406-013-9480-z","volume":"42","author":"C Benn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benn, C. (2014). What is wrong with promising to supererogate. Philosophia, 42(1), 55\u201361.","journal-title":"Philosophia"},{"issue":"10","key":"5144_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11098-017-0965-7","volume":"175","author":"C Benn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benn, C. (2017). Supererogation, optionality and cost. Philosophical Studies, 175(10), 2399\u20132417.","journal-title":"Philosophical Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953820818000018","volume":"30","author":"C Benn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benn, C. (2018). The Enemy of the Good: Supererogation and requiring perfection. Utilitas, 30(3), 333\u2013354.","journal-title":"Utilitas"},{"key":"5144_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10790-018-9645-x","volume":"53","author":"C Benn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benn, C. (2019). Intentions, motives and supererogation. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 53, 107\u2013123.","journal-title":"The Journal of Value Inquiry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8608.2007.00493.x","volume":"16","author":"D Bevan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bevan, D., & Corvellec, H. (2007). The impossibility of corporate ethics: For a Levinasian approach to managerial ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(3), 208\u2013219.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"key":"5144_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10058-015-0181-x","volume":"20","author":"A Blanco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blanco, A. (2016). Fair compensation with different social concerns for forgiveness. Review of Economic Design, 20, 39\u201356.","journal-title":"Review of Economic Design"},{"key":"5144_CR26","volume-title":"Symbolic interactionsim: Perspective and method","author":"H Blumer","year":"1969","unstructured":"Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionsim: Perspective and method. Prentice-Hall."},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-04-2011-0050","volume":"3","author":"J Blumrodt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumrodt, J., Desbordes, M., & Bodin, D. (2013). Professional football clubs and corporate social responsibility. Sport, Business and Management, 3(3), 205\u2013225.","journal-title":"Sport, Business and Management"},{"key":"5144_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-017-3447-0","volume":"154","author":"O Boiral","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boiral, O., Ebrahimi, M., Kuyken, K., & Talbot, D. (2019). Greening remote SMEs: The case of small regional airports. The Journal of Business Ethics, 154, 813\u2013827.","journal-title":"The Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12029","volume":"34","author":"A Bombay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bombay, A., Mathesson, K., & Anisman, H. (2013). Expectations among aboriginal people in Canada regarding the potential impacts of a government apology. Political Psychology, 34(3), 443\u2013460.","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00881436","volume":"14","author":"S Brigley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brigley, S. (1995). Business ethics in context: Researching with case studies. Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 219\u2013226.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/emre.12137","volume":"15","author":"MG Bruna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bruna, M. G., & Bazin, Y. (2018). Answering Levinas\u2019 call in organization studies. European Management Review, 15, 577\u2013588.","journal-title":"European Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1108\/20426781211261520","volume":"2","author":"T Brunzell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunzell, T., & S\u00f6derman, S. (2012). Board evaluation in the top Nordic football clubs. Sport, Business and Management, 2(3), 210\u2013224.","journal-title":"Sport, Business and Management"},{"key":"5144_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-009-0184-z","volume":"93","author":"C Caldwell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caldwell, C., & Dixon, R. D. (2010). Love, forgiveness, and trust: Critical values of the modern leader. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 91\u2013101.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-005-0302-5","volume":"62","author":"RF Card","year":"2005","unstructured":"Card, R. F. (2005). Individual responsibility within organisational contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.05.003","volume":"15","author":"RM Carpiano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carpiano, R. M. (2009). Come take a walk with me: The \u201cgo-along\u201d interview as a novel method for studying the implications of place for health and well-being. Health and Place, 15(1), 263\u2013272.","journal-title":"Health and Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/257850","volume":"4","author":"AB Carroll","year":"1979","unstructured":"Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497\u2013505.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2008.00634.x","volume":"29","author":"S Cehajic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cehajic, S., Brown, R., & Castano, E. (2008). Forgive and forget? Antecedents and consequences of intergroup forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology, 29(3), 351\u2013367.","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2011.572730","volume":"8","author":"K Chamberlain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chamberlain, K., Cain, T., Sheridan, J., & Dupuis, A. (2011). Pluralisms in qualitative research: From multiple methods to integrated methods. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 8, 151\u2013169.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11146-015-9535-y","volume":"54","author":"C Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang, C., & Yu, M. (2017). Valuing vulnerable mortgage insurance under capital forbearance. Journal of Real Estate Finance Economics, 54, 558\u2013578.","journal-title":"Journal of Real Estate Finance Economics"},{"key":"5144_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"RM Chisholm","year":"1963","unstructured":"Chisholm, R. M. (1963). Supererogation and offence: A conceptual scheme for ethics. Ratio, 5, 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Ratio"},{"key":"5144_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-019-04160-5","volume":"167","author":"F Ciulli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ciulli, F., Kolk, A., & Boe-Lillegraven, S. (2020). Circularity brokers: Digital platfrom organizations and waste recovery in food supply chains. Journal of Business Ethics, 167, 299\u2013331.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-017-3552-0","volume":"156","author":"B Constandt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constandt, B., De Waegeneer, E., & Willem, A. (2019). Ethical code effectiveness in football clubs: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 156, 621\u2013634.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, C. E, Murphy, L., & Thomas, B. (2018). An evolutionary framework exploring the role of periodisations in the modern development of a Baltic State: the case of\u00a0HRM\u00a0in the Latvian Public Sector. Economic and Industrial Democracy.","DOI":"10.1177\/0143831X18769383"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.25138\/11.2.a14","volume":"11","author":"FGF Cortez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cortez, F. G. F. (2017). Employee profit sharing: A moral obligation or a moral option? Kritike, 11(2), 257\u2013277.","journal-title":"Kritike"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005817414241","volume":"20","author":"A Crane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crane, A. (1999). Are you ethical? Please tick yes or no: On researching ethics in business organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(3), 237\u2013248.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-9762-8","volume":"86","author":"IA Davies","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davies, I. A. (2009). Alliances and networks: Creating success in the UK Fair Trade Market. Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 109\u2013126.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8608.2007.00495.x","volume":"16","author":"J Desmond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Desmond, J. (2007). Levinas: Beyond egoism in marketing and management. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(3), 227\u2013238.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2307\/258920","volume":"16","author":"WG Dyer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dyer, W. G., & Wilkins, A. L. (1991). Better stories not better constructs, to generate better theory: A rejoinder to Eisenhardt. Academy of Management Review, 16(3), 613\u2013619.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"5144_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2307\/258557","volume":"14","author":"KM Eisenhardt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 532\u2013550.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"5144_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840614525324","volume":"35","author":"M Ezzamel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ezzamel, M., & Willmott, H. (2014). Registering \u2018the Ethical\u2019 in organisational theory formation: Towards the disclosure of an \u2018Invisible Force.\u2019 Organisation Studies, 35(7), 1013\u20131039.","journal-title":"Organisation Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/14759551.2015.1122600","volume":"24","author":"G Faldetta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faldetta, G. (2018). A relational approach to responsibility in organizations: The logic of gift and Levinasian ethics for a \u2018corporeal\u2019 responsibility. Culture and Organization, 24(3), 196\u2013220.","journal-title":"Culture and Organization"},{"key":"5144_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faldetta, G. (2021). Forgiving the Unforgivable: the possibility of the \u2018unconditional\u2019 forgiveness in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-04885-2"},{"key":"5144_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-015-2607-3","volume":"138","author":"JL Fernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandez, J. L., & Camacho, J. (2016). Effective elements to establish an ethical infrastructure: An exploratory study of SMEs in the Madrid region. Journal of Business Ethics, 138, 113\u2013131.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.02.001","volume":"46","author":"J-M Fernandez-Dols","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fernandez-Dols, J.-M., Aguilar, P., Campo, S., Vallacher, R. R., Janowsky, A., Rabbia, H., Brussino, S., & Lerner, M. J. (2010). Hypocrites or maligned cooperative participants? Experimenter indiced normative conflict in zero sum situations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 525\u2013530.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR55","unstructured":"FGR Footprint Report. (2019). Forest Green Rovers to Compensate Carbon Emissions Related to Fan Travel. Retrieved from https:\/\/sustainabilityreport.com\/2019\/07\/31\/forestgreen-rovers-to-compensate-carbon-emissions-related-to-fan-travel\/."},{"key":"5144_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1797-9","volume":"123","author":"C Frisch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frisch, C., & Huppenbauer, M. (2014). New insights into ethical leadership: A qualitative investigation of the experiences of executive ethical leaders. Journal of Business Ethics, 123, 23\u201343.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR57","unstructured":"FT. (2019). Green Credentials Prove Big Winner for Tiny English Football Team. https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d66ba036-763a-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab."},{"key":"5144_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104933","volume":"92","author":"K Fukuda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukuda, K., & Ouchida, Y. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the Environment: Does CSR increase emissions? Energy Economics, 92, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/15332861.2017.1305254","volume":"16","author":"T Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh, T. (2017). Managing Negative Reviews: The persuasive role of webcare characteristics. Journal of Internet Commerce, 16(2), 148\u2013173.","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Commerce"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2307\/258959","volume":"20","author":"TN Gladwin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gladwin, T. N., Kennelly, J. J., & Krause, T.-S. (1995). Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 874\u2013907.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"5144_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-015-2593-5","volume":"138","author":"J Goodstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodstein, J., Butterfield, K., & Neale, N. (2016). Moral repair in the workplace: A qualitative investigation and inductive model. Journal of Business Ethics, 138, 17\u201337.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-017-3512-8","volume":"155","author":"JF Gosselt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gosselt, J. F., Thomas, R., & Haske, L. (2019). Won\u2019t get fooled again: The effects of internal and external (CSR EC)-labeling. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(2), 413\u2013424.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1362\/1469347012569409","volume":"2","author":"C Goulding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goulding, C. (2001). Grounded theory: A magical formula or a potential nightmare. Marketing Review, 2(1), 21\u201334.","journal-title":"Marketing Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.5840\/beq20147814","volume":"24","author":"DM Gromet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gromet, D. M., & Okimoto, T. G. (2014). Back Into The Fold: The influence of offender amends and victim forgiveness on peer reintegration. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(3), 411\u2013441.","journal-title":"Business Ethics Quarterly"},{"key":"5144_CR65","unstructured":"The Guardian. (2019). Forest Green Rovers Granted Planning Permission for All Wooden Stadium. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2019\/dec\/29\/forest-green-rovers-granted-planning-permission-for-all-wooden-stadium"},{"issue":"5","key":"5144_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2015.1129304","volume":"156","author":"N Gueguen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gueguen, N., Meineri, S., Ruiz, C., & Pascual, A. (2016). Promising Reciprocity: When proposing a favor for a request increases compliance even if the favor is not accepted. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(5), 498\u2013512.","journal-title":"The Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-005-5498-x","volume":"64","author":"PM Gumey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gumey, P. M., & Humphreys, M. (2006). Consuming responsibility: The search for value at Laskarina Holidays. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 83\u2013100.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/13571516.2015.1049841","volume":"23","author":"W Guth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guth, W., Hager, K., Kirchkamp, O., & Schwalbach, J. (2015). Testing forbearance experimentally: Duopolistic competition of conglomerate firms. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 23(1), 63\u201386.","journal-title":"International Journal of the Economics of Business"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6793(199907)16:4<291::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"16","author":"AL Hall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall, A. L., & Rist, R. C. (1999). Integrating Multiple Qualitative Research Methods (or avoiding the precariousness of a one-legged stool). Psychology & Marketing, 16(4), 291\u2013304.","journal-title":"Psychology & Marketing"},{"key":"5144_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.497","volume":"16","author":"N Harris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harris, N. (2007). Corporate engagement in processes for planetary sustainability: Understanding corporate capacity in the non-renewable resources extractive sector, Australia. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16, 538\u2013553.","journal-title":"Business Strategy and the Environment"},{"key":"5144_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/beer.12222","volume":"28","author":"A Hatami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hatami, A., & Firoozi, N. (2017). A dynamic stakeholder model: An other-oriented ethical approach. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28, 349\u2013360.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"key":"5144_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-017-3659-3","volume":"151","author":"CA Hemingway","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemingway, C. A., & Starkey, K. (2018). A falling of the veils: Turning points and momentous turning points in leadership and the creation of CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 151, 875\u2013890.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR73","volume-title":"Supererogation","author":"D Heyd","year":"1982","unstructured":"Heyd, D. (1982). Supererogation. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"5144_CR74","first-page":"189","volume":"4","author":"D Heyd","year":"1992","unstructured":"Heyd, D. (1992). Experimentation on trial why should one take part in medical research? Bioethics and the Law, 4, 189\u2013204.","journal-title":"Bioethics and the Law"},{"key":"5144_CR75","volume-title":"The Hollow Core: Breakdowns in global governance of CSR","author":"A Hira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hira, A. (2020). The Hollow Core: Breakdowns in global governance of CSR. Global Affairs."},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S026505250999015X","volume":"27","author":"T Horgan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horgan, T., & Timmons, M. (2010). Untying a Knot from the Inside out: Reflections on the \u201cparadox\u201d of supererogation. Social Philosophy & Policy, 27(2), 29\u201363.","journal-title":"Social Philosophy & Policy"},{"key":"5144_CR77","unstructured":"Hughes, M., & Ziegler, M. (2019). Premier League\u2019s \u00a37.6bn Contribution to UK Economy. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/premier-leagues-7-6bn-contribution-to-uk-economy-glrz53vf6."},{"key":"5144_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-007-9426-0","volume":"80","author":"M Humphreys","year":"2008","unstructured":"Humphreys, M., & Brown, A. D. (2008). An analysis of corporate social responsibility at credit line: A narrative approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 403\u2013418.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-010-0560-8","volume":"93","author":"D Jamali","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jamali, D. (2010). The CSR of MNC subsidiaries in developing countries: Global, local, substantive or diluted? Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 181\u2013200.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"16","key":"5144_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.07.025","volume":"26","author":"K Jensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jensen, K. (2016). Prosociality. Current Biology, 26(16), 748\u2013752.","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"5144_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00822","volume":"5","author":"K Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen, K., Vaish, A., & Schmidt, M. F. H. (2014). The Emergence of Human Prosociality: Aligning with others through feelings, concerns, and norms. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 822.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-011-9256-6","volume":"30","author":"X Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Chen, C. C., & Shi, K. (2013). Favor in Exchange for Trust? The role of subordinates\u2019 attribution of supervisory favors. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 513\u2013536.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management"},{"key":"5144_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Prokopovych, B., & DiStefano, G., (2021). Leveraging A Lenient category in Practicing Responsible Leadership A Case Study. Journal of Business Ethics, (In Print).","DOI":"10.5465\/AMBPP.2021.12"},{"key":"5144_CR84","volume-title":"The imperative of responsibility: In search of an ethics for the technological age","author":"H Jonas","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jonas, H. (1984). The imperative of responsibility: In search of an ethics for the technological age. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"5144_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3150-6","volume":"141","author":"F Karakas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karakas, F., Sarigollu, E., & Uygur, S. (2017). Exploring the diversity of virtues through the lens of moral imagination: A qualitative inquiry into organizational virtues in the Turkish context. Journal of Business Ethics, 141, 731\u2013744.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-006-9008-6","volume":"67","author":"D Knights","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knights, D., & O\u2019Leary, M. (2006). The possibility of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 67, 125\u2013137.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1108\/CG-05-2014-0062","volume":"15","author":"D Kolyperas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kolyperas, D., Morrow, S., & Sparks, L. (2015). Developing CSR in professional Football clubs: Drivers and phases. Corporate Governance, 15(2), 177\u2013195.","journal-title":"Corporate Governance"},{"key":"5144_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-014-2499-7","volume":"135","author":"A Kourula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kourula, A., & Delalieux, G. (2016). The Micro-level Foundations and Dynamics of Political Corporate Social Responsibility: Hegemony and Passive Revolution through Civil Society. Journal of Business Ethics, 135, 769\u2013785.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005762514254","volume":"17","author":"MJ Kurzynski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kurzynski, M. J. (1998). The virtue of forgiveness as a human resource management strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(1), 77\u201385.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/146613810343007","volume":"4","author":"M Kusenbach","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kusenbach, M. (2003). Street phenomenology: The go-along as ethnographic research tool. Ethnography, 4(3), 455\u2013485.","journal-title":"Ethnography"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR91","first-page":"665","volume":"35","author":"N Lacey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lacey, N., & Pickard, H. (2015). To blame or to forgive? Reconciling punishmentand forgiveness in criminal justice. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 35(4), 665\u2013696.","journal-title":"Oxford Journal of Legal Studies"},{"key":"5144_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-9876-z","volume":"87","author":"L Lamberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lamberti, L., & Lettieri, E. (2009). CSR Practices and corporate strategy: Evidence from a longitudinal case study. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 153\u2013168.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1108\/S1479-8387(2011)0000006007","volume-title":"Building methodological bridges: Research methodology in strategy and management (6","author":"A Langley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langley, A., & Abdallah, C. (2011). Templates and turns in qualitative studies of strategy and management. In D. Bergh & D. Ketchen (Eds.), Building methodological bridges: Research methodology in strategy and management (6 (pp. 201\u2013235). Bingley."},{"key":"5144_CR94","unstructured":"Premier League. (2020). Economic Impact. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.premierleague.com\/this-ispl\/the-premier-league\/686502."},{"key":"5144_CR95","volume-title":"Fanatics, identity and fandom in football","author":"S Lee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lee, S. (1998). Grey shirts to grey suits. In A. Brown (Ed.), Fanatics, identity and fandom in football. Routledge."},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1108\/SRJ-04-2017-0074","volume":"14","author":"E Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, E., & Yoon, S. (2018). The effect of customer citizenship in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on purchase intention: The important role of the CSR image. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(4), 753\u2013763.","journal-title":"Social Responsibility Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1936-4490.2005.tb00367.x","volume":"22","author":"S Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, S., Lee, J., & Yu, M. (2005). Bank capital forbearance and valuation of deposit insurance. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 22(3), 220\u2013229.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.35152\/snusjb.2016.22.2.003","volume":"22","author":"SS Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, S. S., Jung, E. J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2016). Why does forgiving boost creativity? The role of cognitive persistence. Seoul Journal of Business, 22(2), 47\u201378.","journal-title":"Seoul Journal of Business"},{"key":"5144_CR99","volume-title":"Otherwise than being or beyond essence: Translated by Alphonso Lingis","author":"E Levinas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levinas, E. (1998). Otherwise than being or beyond essence: Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Duquesne University Press."},{"key":"5144_CR100","unstructured":"Levinas, E. (1985) \u00c9thique et Infini. Dialogues d\u2019Emmanuel Levinas et Philippe Nemo. Paris: Fayard Ethics and infinity. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press."},{"key":"5144_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1017\/S1358246115000272","volume":"77","author":"DK Levy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy, D. K. (2015). Assimilating supererogation. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 77, 227\u2013242.","journal-title":"Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement"},{"key":"5144_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., & Jia, Y. (2020). Guanxi HRM and Employee Well-being in China. Employee Relations.","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-09-2019-0379"},{"key":"5144_CR103","unstructured":"llia, L., Zyglidopoulos, S., Romenti, S., Rodr\u0131 \u0301guez-Ca \u0301novas, B. & Adel Valle Brena, A. (2013). Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility to a Cynical Public. MIT Sloan Management Review, 16\u201319."},{"key":"5144_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3239-y","volume":"151","author":"A Longoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Longoni, A., & Cagliano, R. (2018). Sustainable innovativeness and the triple bottom line: The role of organizational time perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, 151, 1097\u20131120.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-007-9639-2","volume":"83","author":"S Mansell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mansell, S. (2008). Proximity and Rationalisation: The limits of a Levinasian ethics in the context of corporate governance and regulation. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 565\u2013577.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2307\/3556659","volume":"48","author":"JD Margolis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(2), 268\u2013305.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190802670706","volume":"20","author":"L Markoczy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Markoczy, L., Vora, D., & Xin, K. (2009). Forbearance in organizational citizenship behaviour. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 321\u2013347.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Human Resource Management"},{"key":"5144_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1837-5","volume":"119","author":"D Mazutis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mazutis, D. (2014). Supererogation: Beyond positive deviance and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 119, 517\u2013528.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2307\/259398","volume":"26","author":"A McWilliams","year":"2001","unstructured":"McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117\u2013227.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPL-06-2018-0029","volume":"14","author":"M Megheirkouni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Megheirkouni, M., Amaugo, A., & Jallo, S. (2018). Transformational and transactional leadership and skills approach: Insights on stadium management. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(4), 245\u2013259.","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Leadership"},{"key":"5144_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-015-2893-9","volume":"145","author":"C Moraes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moraes, C., Carrigan, M., Bosangit, C., Ferreira, C., & McGrath, M. (2017). Understanding ethical luxury consumption through practice theories: A study of fine jewellery purchases. Journal of Business Ethics., 145, 525\u2013543.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics."},{"key":"5144_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-018-4092-y","volume":"165","author":"C Moraes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moraes, C., Kerrigan, F., & McCann, R. (2020). Positive shock: A consumer ethical judgement perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 165, 735\u2013751.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2008.00691.x","volume":"30","author":"E Myers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Myers, E., Hewstone, M., & Cairns, E. (2009). Impact of conflict on mental health in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of intergroup forgiveness and collective guilt. Political Psychology, 30(2), 269\u2013290.","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2007.00018.x","volume":"1","author":"F Neto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neto, F., Pinto, C., & Mullet, E. (2007). Seeking forgiveness in an intergroup context: Angolan, Guinean, Mozambican, and East Timorese Perspectives. Regulation & Governance, 1, 329\u2013346.","journal-title":"Regulation & Governance"},{"key":"5144_CR115","unstructured":"Nielson. (2018). World football Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/uk\/en\/insights\/report\/2018\/world-football-report\/#."},{"issue":"6","key":"5144_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1108\/MIP-08-2015-0148","volume":"34","author":"MW Nyadzayo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nyadzayo, M. W., Leckie, C., & McDonald, H. (2016). CSR, relationship quality, loyalty and psychological connection in sports. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 34(6), 883\u2013898.","journal-title":"Marketing Intelligence & Planning"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/beer.12072","volume":"24","author":"M O\u2019Leary","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary, M. (2015). Work identification and responsibility in moral breakdown. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(3), 237\u2013251.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"key":"5144_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-011-0925-7","volume":"104","author":"M \u00d6berseder","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00d6berseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Gruber, V. (2011). \u201cWhy Don\u2019t Consumers Care About CSR?\u201d: A qualitative study exploring the role of CSR in consumption decisions. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 449\u2013460.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR119","unstructured":"OECD. (2018). SMEs: Key drivers of green and inclusive growth. Retrieved July 6, 2021, from https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/greengrowth\/GGSD_2018_SME%20Issue%20Paper_WEB.pdf."},{"key":"5144_CR120","unstructured":"OECD. (2021). OECD and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019. Retrieved from July 6, 2021, from https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/industry\/smes\/SME-Outlook-Highlights-FINAL.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-011-1002-y","volume":"106","author":"DE Ohreen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohreen, D. E., & Petry, R. A. (2012). Imperfect duties and corporate philanthropy: A Kantian approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(3), 367\u2013381.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-0021-9","volume":"89","author":"A Okoye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okoye, A. (2009). Theorising corporate social responsibility as an essentially contested concept: Is a definition necessary? Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 613\u2013627.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"13","key":"5144_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8608.2010.01591.x","volume":"19","author":"M Painter-Morland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Painter-Morland, M. (2010). Questioning corporate codes of ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 19(13), 265\u2013279.","journal-title":"Business Ethics: A European Review"},{"key":"5144_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-011-1125-1","volume":"109","author":"ME Palanski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palanski, M. E. (2012). Forgiveness and Reconciliation in the Workplace: A multi-level perspective and research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 275\u2013287.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR125","volume-title":"Qualitative research & evaluation methods","author":"M Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.","edition":"3"},{"key":"5144_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3392-3","volume":"153","author":"K Peattie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peattie, K., & Samuel, A. (2018). Fairtrade towns as unconventional networks of ethical activism. Journal of Business Ethics, 153, 265\u2013282.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10904018.2000.10499036","volume":"14","author":"LL Pecchioni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pecchioni, L. L., & Halone, K. K. (2000). Relational Listening II: Form & variation across social and personal relationships. International Journal of Listening, 14(1), 69\u201393.","journal-title":"International Journal of Listening"},{"key":"5144_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.08.021","volume":"44","author":"S Pfattheicher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pfattheicher, S., Nielsen, Y. A., & Thielmann, I. (2021). Prosocial Behaviour and Altruism: A review of concepts and definitions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 124\u2013129.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2016.1241224","volume":"22","author":"SR Phillips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips, S. R., Mercier, K., & Doolittle, S. (2017). Experiences of teacher evaluation systems on high school physical education programs. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 22(4), 364\u2013377.","journal-title":"Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy"},{"key":"5144_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2017.05.001","volume":"65","author":"S Power","year":"2017","unstructured":"Power, S., Di Domenico, M., & Miller, G. (2017). The nature of ethical entrepreneurship in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 65, 36\u201348.","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2005.00521.x","volume":"42","author":"P Prasad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prasad, P., & Elmes, M. (2005). In the Name of the Practical: Unearthing the hegemony of pragmatics in the discourse of environmental management. Journal of Management Studies, 42(4), 845\u2013867.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"5144_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1537-6","volume":"117","author":"YA Rawwas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rawwas, Y. A., Arjoon, S., & Sidani, Y. (2013). An Introduction of Epistemology to Business Ethics: A study of marketing middle-managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 117, 525\u2013539.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-0167(02)00051-7","volume":"19","author":"MC Renard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Renard, M. C. (2003). Fair trade: Quality, market and conventions. Journal of Rural Studies, 19, 87\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Rural Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSMS-10-03-2009-B005","volume":"10","author":"C Rouvrais-Charron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rouvrais-Charron, C., & Kim, C. (2009). European football under close scrutiny. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 10(3), 33\u201346.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship"},{"key":"5144_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1057\/s41262-017-0067-z","volume":"25","author":"A Samuel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samuel, A., Taylor, D., White, G. R. T., & Norris, M. (2018). Unpacking the authenticity gap in corporate social responsibility: Lessons learned from Levi\u2019s \u2018Go Forth Braddock\u2019 campaign. Journal of Brand Management, 25, 53\u201367.","journal-title":"Journal of Brand Management"},{"key":"5144_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.06.157","volume":"135","author":"S Sarker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarker, S., & Searcy, C. (2016). Zeitgeist or chameleon? A quantitative analysis of CSR definitions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 1423\u20131435.","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5144_CR137","first-page":"95","volume":"8","author":"B Schyns","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schyns, B., Gilmore, S., & Dietz, G. (2016). What lessons can we learn from football about leadership and management? Leadership lessons from compelling contexts. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 8, 95\u2013127.","journal-title":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"},{"key":"5144_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11142-017-9390-6","volume":"22","author":"T Shevlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shevlin, T., Thornock, J., & Williams, B. (2017). An examination of firms\u2019 responses to tax forgiveness. Review of Accounting Studies, 22, 577\u2013607.","journal-title":"Review of Accounting Studies"},{"key":"5144_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10910","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100305108","volume":"2","author":"JB Silk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silk, J. B., & House, B. R. (2011). Evolutionary foundations of human prosocial sentiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2, 10910\u201310917.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/019027250807100106","volume":"71","author":"B Simpson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simpson, B., & Willer, R. (2008). Altruism and Indirect Reciprocity: The interaction of person and situation in prosocial behaviour. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 37\u201352.","journal-title":"Social Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"5144_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1863-3","volume":"124","author":"S Skard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skard, S., & Thorbj\u00f8rnsen, H. (2014). Is publicity always better than advertising? The role of brand reputation in communicating corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 124, 149\u2013160.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1108\/09675420810886105","volume":"9","author":"RE Slack","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slack, R. E., & Shrives, P. J. (2008). Social disclosure and legitimacy in Premier League football clubs: The first ten years. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 9(1), 17\u201328.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Accounting Research"},{"key":"5144_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-007-9523-0","volume":"81","author":"C Soares","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soares, C. (2008). Corporate legal responsibility: A Levinasian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 545\u2013553.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(01)00116-7","volume":"29","author":"SS Souryal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Souryal, S. S., & Diamons, D. L. (2001). The rhetoric of personal loyalty to superiors in criminal justice agencies. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 543\u2013554.","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1108\/QMR-10-2012-0049","volume":"17","author":"D Spanjaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spanjaard, D., Young, L., & Freeman, L. (2014). Emotions in supermarket brand choice: A multimethod approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 17(3), 209\u2013224.","journal-title":"Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5144_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1086\/209413","volume":"21","author":"S Spiggle","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spiggle, S. (1994). Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(3), 491\u2013503.","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"key":"5144_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-04822-3","author":"A Stathopoulou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stathopoulou, A., Quansah, T. K., & Balabanis, G. (2021). The Blinding Effects of Team Identification on Sports Corruption: Cross-Cultural Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries. Journal of Business Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-021-04822-3","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.02.1149","volume":"75","author":"BK Stoff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stoff, B. K., Scully, K., Householder, A. L., Fabbro, S., & Kantor, J. (2016). The American Academy of Dermatology Pledge. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 75, 445\u2013448.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSMS-02-2016-004","volume":"17","author":"M Sung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sung, M., & Lee, W. (2016). What makes an effective CSR program? An analysis of the constructs of a cause-related participant sport sponsorship event. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 17(1), 56\u201377.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship"},{"issue":"6","key":"5144_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12237","volume":"52","author":"E Taysi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taysi, E., & Orcan, F. (2017). The conceptualization of forgiveness among Turkish children and adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 52(6), 473\u2013481.","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"5144_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-012-9306-8","volume":"30","author":"MB Teagarden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teagarden, M. B., & Schotter, A. (2013). Favor prevalence in emerging markets: A multi-level analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 447\u2013460.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1017\/beq.2019.33","volume":"30","author":"A Tencati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tencati, A., Misano, N., & Castaldo, S. (2020). A Qualified Account of Supererogation: Toward a better conceptualization of corporate social responsibility. Business Ethics Quarterly, 30(2), 250\u2013272.","journal-title":"Business Ethics Quarterly"},{"key":"5144_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-012-9314-8","volume":"30","author":"Y Thams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thams, Y., Liu, Y., & Glinow, M. A. V. (2013). Asian Favours: More than a cookie cutter approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 461\u2013486.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management"},{"key":"5144_CR154","unstructured":"The Sustainability Report. (2019). Has Sustainability Given Forest Green Rovers a Competitive Edge on the Pitch? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sustainabilityreport.com\/2019\/08\/19\/has-sustainability-given-forest-green-rovers-a-competitive-edge-on-the-pitch\/"},{"key":"5144_CR155","unstructured":"The White House. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/realitycheck\/the-press-office\/fact-sheet-obama-administration-auto-restructuring-initiative-general-motors."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"5144_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.2011.619150","volume":"28","author":"Y Tsarenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsarenko, Y., & Tojib, D. (2012). The role of personality characteristics and service failure in consumer forgiveness and service outcomes. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(9\u201310), 1217\u20131239.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Management"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"5144_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.2015.1069373","volume":"31","author":"Y Tsarenko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsarenko, Y., & Tojib, D. (2015). Consumers\u2019 Forgiveness after brand transgression: The effect of the firm\u2019s corporate social responsibility and response. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(17\u201318), 1851\u20131877.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Management"},{"key":"5144_CR158","unstructured":"United Nations. (2021). The 17 Goals. Retrieved from https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals"},{"key":"5144_CR159","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Essays in moral philosophy","author":"JO Urmson","year":"1958","unstructured":"Urmson, J. O. (1958). Saints and heroes. In A. I. Melden (Ed.), Essays in moral philosophy (pp. 198\u2013216). University of Washington Press."},{"key":"5144_CR160","unstructured":"Vegan Society. (2015). Green Football Club is First to Receive the Vegan Trademark. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.vegansociety.com\/whats-new\/news\/green-football-club-firstreceive-vegan-trademark."},{"key":"5144_CR161","unstructured":"Vlasic, B. (2015) Despite Recalls, G.M. Pays Workers a Big Bonus. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/05\/business\/gm-reports-2-8-billion-profit-in-2014.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"5144_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/0743915620947359","volume":"39","author":"J Vredenburg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vredenburg, J., Kapitan, S., Spray, A., & Kemper, J. A. (2020). Brands taking a stand: Authentic brand activism or woke washing. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 39(4), 444\u2013460.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Policy and Marketing"},{"key":"5144_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-010-0445-x","volume":"95","author":"M Walker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walker, M., Heere, B., Parent, M. M., & Drane, D. (2010). Social responsibility and the Olympic Games: The mediating role of consumer attributions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 659\u2013680.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"5144_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3320-6","volume":"152","author":"J Wall-Tweedie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wall-Tweedie, J., & Nguyen, S. N. (2018). Is the grass greener on the other side? A review of the Asia-Pacific sport industry\u2019s environmental sustainability practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 152, 741\u2013761.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/00224540903368541","volume":"151","author":"DA Watkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watkins, D. A., Hui, E. K. P., Luo, W., Regmi, M., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Hook, J. N., & Davis, D. E. (2011). Forgiveness and interpersonal relationships: A Nepalese investigation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(2), 150\u2013161.","journal-title":"The Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"21","key":"5144_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2014.975854","volume":"53","author":"GRT White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White, G. R. T., Wang, X., & Li, D. (2015). Inter-Organisational Green Packaging Design: A case study of influencing factors and constraints in the automotive supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 53(21), 6551\u20136566.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"5144_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2008.00688.x","volume":"30","author":"MJA Wohl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wohl, M. J. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2009). Group threat, collective angst, and ingroup forgiveness for the war in Iraq. Political Psychology, 30(2), 193\u2013217.","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"5144_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2307\/2026228","volume":"79","author":"S Wolf","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wolf, S. (1982). Moral saints. The Journal of Philosophy, 79(8), 419\u2013439.","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"5144_CR169","unstructured":"World Bank. (2021). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Finances. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/smefinance"},{"issue":"1","key":"5144_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2013.0870","volume":"60","author":"AL Wright","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wright, A. L., Zammuto, R. F., & Liesch, P. W. (2017). Maintaining the values of a profession: Institutional work and moral emotions in the emergency department. Academy of Management Journal, 60(1), 200\u2013237.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"5144_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/009102601204100510","volume":"41","author":"H Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu, H., Kou, Y., & Zhong, N. (2012). The effect of empathy on cooperation, forgiveness, and \u2018Returning Good for Evil\u2019 in the Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma. Public Personnel Management, 41(5), 105\u2013115.","journal-title":"Public Personnel Management"},{"key":"5144_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-012-9336-2","volume":"30","author":"V Yakubovich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yakubovich, V. (2012). Getting a job as a favor in the Russian Post-Socialist Labor Market. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 351\u2013372.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management"},{"key":"5144_CR173","volume-title":"Case study research: Design and methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage."}],"container-title":["Journal of Business Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1687864697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05144-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4544","1573-0697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4544","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The lead author gained approval to conduct the research through their University\u2019s Research Ethics Committee and via approval from FGR\u2019s Board of Directors. All focus groups, planned interviews and ad hoc interviews that were conducted during the participant observations and subsequent data analysis paid strict adherence to the University Business School\u2019s research ethics code of conduct and followed the appropriate protocol agreed with FGR\u2019s Board of Directors. In addition, there are no conflicts of interest to report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}