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All other authors declare no conflict of interest regarding support for the work under consideration, or for other projects, either financial or in kind from any third party, company or organisation whose finances or reputation may be affected by the publication of the work; any recent, existing or planned employment relationship or consultancy (whether paid or unpaid) any of the authors has with an organisation whose finances or reputation may be affected by the publication of the work; or any direct financial interest any of the authors or their spouses, parents or children has (personal shareholdings, consultancies, patents or patent applications) whose value could be affected by the publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The current analysis makes secondary use of pre-existing data from ALSPAC and MoBa participants who provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Ethical approval in ALSPAC was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and NHS Research Ethics Committees. Access and use of the linked ALSPAC cancer registry information was restricted to AB and RC who are ONS Accredited Researchers operating within the ONS \u2018Safe Research\u2019 framework. MoBa has a license from the Norwegian Data Inspectorate (01-4325) and approval from the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics (REK), Southern Norway (S-97045, S-95113). The angiogenic factor study received approval from REK, South-Eastern Norway (S-08541a) and a license from the Norwegian Data Inspectorate (08\/01126-4). At the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the project was reviewed by the Office of Human Subjects Research and exempted from institutional review board approval on the basis that the analysis was performed in the U.K. using de-identified data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants"}}]}}