{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:46:48Z","timestamp":1777520808550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["15\u20130804 and 18\u20130689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\u20130804 and 18\u20130689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To examine patterns of recent pre-diagnostic fillings of antibiotics as an indicator of early symptoms of lung cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Individuals diagnosed with lung cancer (cases) in 2009\u20132016 were identified in the Swedish National Lung Cancer Register, a population-based register, and randomly matched with up to five individuals free of lung cancer (controls) from the general population. Conditional logistic models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between lung cancer and a recent history of filled antibiotic prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 27,017 cases and 129,355 controls. The likelihood of recent exposure was approximately two times higher in cases compared to controls. The magnitude of the effect size became more pronounced with proximity to the diagnosis of lung cancer and an increasing number of filled prescriptions. While the magnitude of the effect size did not differ by sex or educational level, it became attenuated with increasing age. There was no evidence supporting a trend in the magnitude of the effect size for the association between lung cancer and a history of repeated fillings by cancer stage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lung cancer was associated with an increased likelihood of a recent history of filled antibiotic prescriptions. However, there was no evidence of an association between repeated fillings and a diagnostic delay, as reflected by stage. Our findings underscore the importance of clinical reassessment to rule out lung cancer following pneumonia treatment, especially for patients with multiple treatment cycles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-021-01413-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T20:02:47Z","timestamp":1616443367000},"page":"597-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibiotic use prior to a lung cancer diagnosis: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"L\u00f6fling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Bahmanyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle","family":"Kieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Wagenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-018-0080-0","volume":"39","author":"MH Ebell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebell MH, Thai TN, Royalty KJ (2018) Cancer screening recommendations: an international comparison of high income countries. 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Mats Lambe declares stock ownership in Pfizer and Astra Zeneca. Gunnar Wagenius has no conflict of interest to declare. The funding bodies had no role in the data collection and analysis and were not involved in the interpretation of results, writing, revision, or approval of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Boards in Uppsala and Stockholm (record number: 2012\/1162\u201331\/4, 2016\/1137\u201332, 2017\/445\u201332, 2017\/2026\u201332).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study only includes register data, and the research was done without patient involvement.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This study only includes register data, and the research was done without patient involvement.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}