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This systematic review summarizes the evidence on medication use and proximal colon cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for prospective studies investigating nine medication groups, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exogenous hormones, i.e., hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), statins, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, metformin (an antidiabetic), antidiarrheals or laxatives, and the risk of proximal colon cancer. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses, using random effects models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty nine publications investigating NSAIDs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), exogenous hormones [HRT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) or OCs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094)] statins (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), anti-hypertensives (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and metformin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) were included. Summary RRs reported a protective effect of aspirin use (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.89) but no associations between HRT (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83\u20131.02), OC (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98\u20131.14) or statin use (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.67\u20131.31), and proximal colon cancer incidence compared to never\/non-use. One study on metformin and one on anti-hypertensives reported no association. Sources of between-study heterogeneity included study design, period of exposure ascertainment,\u00a0exposure source, and exposure comparison, but this exploration was hindered by the small numbers of studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite some studies on NSAID or HRT use, evidence on the impact of a range of medications on proximal colon cancer risk is limited. This highlights the need for more research to inform chemoprevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-021-01472-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T04:02:31Z","timestamp":1625457751000},"page":"1047-1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Medication use and risk of proximal colon cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies with narrative synthesis and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4446-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhea","family":"Harewood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Disney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Kinross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7971-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"von Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1472_CR1","volume-title":"Global cancer observatory: cancer today","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F et al (2018) Global cancer observatory: cancer today. 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The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}