{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1772119540079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop a measurement instrument for assessing knowledge of breast cancer and perceived risk of developing the disease (MARA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>641 women with a mean age of 36.19\u00a0years (SD\u2009=\u20097.49) participated in the study. Data collection took place during 2019 and included sociodemographic data, data on history of cancer and breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern about developing breast cancer. Internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, convergent validity, and structural validity were tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The questionnaire items comprise 4 subscales: risk factors (9 items), signs and symptoms (9 items), perceived risk (6 items), barriers (7 items). A factor analysis revealed that the first two subscales had two dimensions each, whereas the other two subscales had one dimension each. Each subscale was shown to have adequate reliability (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.74\u20130.92) and temporal stability (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.201\u20130.906), as well as strong evidence of validity in relation to a questionnaire on breast cancer knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.131\u20130.434). In addition, the subscales were shown to have high discriminatory power in terms of the presence or absence of a history of cancer or breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MARA questionnaire represents a valid, reliable tool for assessing Spanish women\u2019s knowledge, risks, perceptions, and barriers regarding breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T09:02:50Z","timestamp":1625734970000},"page":"1237-1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and validation of the MARA scale in Spanish to assess knowledge and perceived risks and barriers relating to breast cancer prevention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Urquijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4228-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Postigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelino","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Mart\u00edn-Payo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12432","volume":"13","author":"J Sch\u00fcz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcz J, Espina C, Wild CP (2019) Primary prevention: a need for concerted action. Mol Oncol 13(3):567\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1878-0261.12432","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.03.004","volume":"39","author":"MT Coleman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coleman MT, Pasternak RH (2012) Effective strategies for behavior change. Prim Care 39(2):281\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2012.03.004","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"1473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","volume":"6","author":"S Michie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R (2011) The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci 6:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1473_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0212-6567(18)30362-7","volume":"50","author":"M Marzo-Castillejo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marzo-Castillejo M, Vela-Vallesp\u00edn C, Bellas-Beceiro B et al (2018) Recomendaciones de prevenci\u00f3n del cancer. Actualizaci\u00f3n PAPPS 2018. Aten Prim 50(Suppl 1):41\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0212-6567(18)30362-7","journal-title":"Aten Prim"},{"issue":"10","key":"1473_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1481291","volume":"57","author":"L Rainey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rainey L, van der Waal D, Wengstr\u00f6m Y, Jervaeus A, Broeders M (2018) Women\u2019s perceptions of the adoption of personalised risk-based breast cancer screening and primary prevention: a systematic review. Acta Oncol 57(10):1275\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1481291","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1473_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7026","volume":"28","author":"E Ozanne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ozanne E, Karliner LS, Tice JA et al (2019) An intervention tool to increase patient-physician discussion of lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer. J Womens Health 28(11):1468\u20131475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7026","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2013.10.008","volume":"28","author":"B Sanz-Barbero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sanz-Barbero B, Prieto-Flores ME, Otero-Garc\u00eda L, Abt-Sacks A, Bernal M, Cambas N (2014) Perception of risk factors for cancer in the Spanish population. Gac Sanit 28(2):137\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2013.10.008","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"issue":"8","key":"1473_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.034","volume":"46","author":"L Linsell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linsell L, Forbes LJ, Burgess C, Kapari M, Thurnham A, Ramirez AJ (2010) Validation of a measurement tool to assess awareness of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 46(8):1374\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.034","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.22034\/APJCP.2017.18.2.515","volume":"18","author":"S Solikhah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solikhah S, Promthet S, Rakkapao N, Hurst CP (2017) Validation of an Indonesian version of the breast cancer awareness scale (BCAS-I). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 18(2):515\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/APJCP.2017.18.2.515","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1473_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0212-6567(18)30361-5","volume":"50","author":"R C\u00f3rdoba Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdoba Garc\u00eda R, Camarelles Guillem F, Mu\u00f1oz Seco E et al (2018) Recomendaciones sobre el estilo de vida. Actualizaci\u00f3n PAPPS 2018. Aten Prim 50(Suppl 1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0212-6567(18)30361-5","journal-title":"Aten Prim"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.2.851","volume":"17","author":"N Rakkapao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rakkapao N, Promthet S, Moore MA, Hurst CP (2016) Development of a breast cancer awareness scale for Thai women: moving towards a validated measure. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 17(2):851\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.2.851","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"1473_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/research_tools\/translation\/en\/. Accesed 24 October 2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"1473_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-017-1226-3","volume":"33","author":"M Seven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seven M, Ba\u011fcivan G, Akyuz A, B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f F (2018) Women with family history of breast cancer: how much are they aware of their risk? J Cancer Educ 33(4):915\u2013921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-017-1226-3","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1473_CR14","first-page":"896","volume":"20","author":"P Elosua Oliden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elosua Oliden P, Zumbo BD (2008) Coefficients of feasibility for ordinal response scales. Psicothema 20(4):896\u2013901","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"1473_CR15","volume-title":"Test theory: a unified treatment","author":"RP McDonald","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDonald RP (1999) Test theory: a unified treatment. Psychology Press, New York"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023353","volume":"16","author":"ME Timmerman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timmerman ME, Lorenzo-Seva U (2011) Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychol Methods 16(2):209\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023353","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"1473_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"LT Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu LT, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6(1):1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"1473_CR18","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, New Jersey","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.304","volume":"29","author":"PJ Ferrando","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrando PJ, Lorenzo-Seva U (2017) Program FACTOR at 10: origins, development and future directions. Psicothema 29(2):236\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2016.304","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"1","key":"1473_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2018.291","volume":"31","author":"J Mu\u00f1iz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1iz J, Fonseca-Pedrero E (2019) Ten steps for test development. Psicothema 31(1):7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2018.291","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"3","key":"1473_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2013.97","volume":"25","author":"A Evers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evers A, Mu\u00f1iz J, Hagemeister C et al (2013) Assessing the quality of tests: revision of the EFPA review model. Psicothema 25(3):283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2013.97","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"9","key":"1473_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0057-2","volume":"118","author":"U Haug","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haug U, Riedel O, Cholmakow-Bodechtel C, Olsson L (2018) First-degree relatives of cancer patients: a target group for primary prevention? A cross-sectional study. Br J Cancer 118(9):1255\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-018-0057-2","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"1473_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-013-0226-9","volume":"24","author":"G Bostean","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bostean G, Crespi CM, McCarthy WJ (2013) Associations among family history of cancer, cancer screening and lifestyle behaviors: a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 24(8):1491\u20131503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-013-0226-9","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"1473_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.185652","volume":"100","author":"TR Frieden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frieden TR (2010) A framework for public health action: the health impact pyramid. Am J Public Health 100(4):590\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.185652","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1473_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13328","author":"M Firouzbakht","year":"2020","unstructured":"Firouzbakht M, Hajian-Tilaki K, Bakhtiari A (2020) Comparison of competitive cognitive models in explanation of women breast cancer screening behaviours using structural equation modelling: health belief model and theory of reasoned action. Eur J Cancer Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.13328","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1473_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2013.06.001","volume":"26","author":"C Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung C, Lee SJ (2013) Estimated risks and optimistic self-perception of breast cancer risk in Korean women. Appl Nurs Res 26(4):180\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnr.2013.06.001","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1473_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0443","volume":"12","author":"J Lippey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lippey J, Keogh LA, Mann GB, Campbell IG, Forrest LE (2019) \u201cA natural progression\u201d: Australian women\u2019s attitudes about an individualized breast screening model. Cancer prev res 12(6):383\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0443","journal-title":"Cancer prev res"},{"key":"1473_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.011","volume":"124","author":"T Mukama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukama T, Fallah M, Tian Y et al (2020) Risk-tailored starting age of breast cancer screening based on women\u2019s reproductive profile: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Cancer 124:207\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.011","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1473_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v10.i2.98","volume":"10","author":"M Yeung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeung M, Chan E, Wong S, Yip B, Cheung PS (2019) Hong Kong female\u2019s breast cancer awareness measure: cross-sectional survey. World J Clin Oncol 10(2):98\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5306\/wjco.v10.i2.98","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T06:46:38Z","timestamp":1635230798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01473-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-170266\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-5243","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}