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Strategies to improve outcomes are needed. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations [measure of vitamin D status] at and before diagnosis have been associated with longer survival in cancer patients; however, data for ovarian cancer are limited. We aimed to determine if 25(OH)D concentrations during and after primary treatment were associated with ovarian cancer-specific survival.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used data from a nationwide prospective cohort study of women with ovarian cancer. Among 886 participants treated with chemotherapy, 700 (79%) had a blood sample collected during (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009591) and\/or after (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009458) primary treatment. These were tested for 25(OH)D. Clinical and survival data were abstracted from medical records. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were lower during than after primary treatment (82 and 91 nmol\/L, respectively); only 14% and 8% had concentrations below 50 nmol\/L during and after primary treatment, respectively. There was no association between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival during five years of follow-up [HR 1.10 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.61) and 0.95 (0.54, 1.68) for the highest vs. lowest quintile during and after treatment, respectively].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We did not observe any association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and ovarian cancer-specific survival. Our results suggest that, in the absence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation to improve ovarian cancer survival is not warranted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-023-01757-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T07:02:40Z","timestamp":1690873360000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D status during and after treatment and ovarian cancer survival"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renhua","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penelope M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the OPAL Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A et al (2021) Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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