{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:49:58Z","timestamp":1788522598819,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20CA233255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20CA233255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00CA245900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00CA245900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early detection of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains controversial and disparities in the receipt of prostate cancer screening persist in the US. We sought to examine disparities in PSA testing rates among groups with higher prostate cancer risk and differential access to healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified a cohort of 37,706 males within the All of Us Research Program without a history of prostate cancer between the ages of 40 and 85 at time of enrollment (2017\u20132021). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the number of PSA tests received during follow-up through December 2021 were estimated using age- and multivariable-adjusted negative binomial regression models. PSA testing frequencies in the cohort were compared with population-based estimates from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 6,486 males (17.2%) received at least one PSA test over the course of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, non-Hispanic Black males received PSA tests at a 17% lower rate (IRR\u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.90) than non-Hispanic White males. Higher educational attainment, higher annual income, having self-\/employer-purchased insurance, having a spouse or domestic partner, and having a family history of prostate cancer were all associated with higher rates of PSA testing. The proportion of males ages 55 to 69 who received a PSA test within two years was lower in All of Us (12.4%, 95% CI 11.8\u201313.0%) relative to population-based estimates from the BRFSS (35.2%, 95% CI 34.2\u201336.3%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Absolute PSA testing rates in All of Us were lower than population-based estimates, but associations with PSA testing in the cohort mirrored previously reported disparities in prostate cancer screening. These findings highlight the importance of addressing barriers to care in order to reduce disparities in cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1698220966000},"page":"509-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prostate-specific antigen testing rates in high-risk populations: results from the All of Us Research Program"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Faith","family":"Morley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari S.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulla M.","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Nanus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Rebbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin H.","family":"Kensler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1807_CR1","first-page":"7","volume":"72","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A (2022) Cancer statistics. CA 72:7\u201333","journal-title":"CA"},{"key":"1807_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0412","volume":"29","author":"KH Kensler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kensler KH, Rebbeck TR (2020) Cancer progress and priorities: prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 29:267\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0412","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"1807_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2209151","volume":"388","author":"PF Pinsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinsky PF, Parnes H (2023) Screening for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 388:1405\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp2209151","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1807_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3710","volume":"319","author":"DC Grossman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossman DC et al (2018) Screening for prostate cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 319:1901\u20131913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.3710","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1807_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa171","volume":"113","author":"KH Kensler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kensler KH et al (2021) Racial and ethnic variation in PSA testing and prostate cancer incidence following the 2012 USPSTF recommendation. JNCI 113:719\u2013726","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"1807_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.14905","volume":"314","author":"A Jemal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jemal A et al (2015) Prostate cancer incidence and PSA testing patterns in relation to USPSTF screening recommendations. JAMA 314:2054\u20132061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.14905","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1807_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e222246","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2246","volume":"5","author":"MM Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai MM et al (2022) Trends in incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the US. JAMA Netw Open 5:e222246\u2013e222246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2246","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1807_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2020.06.006","volume":"19","author":"IY Sheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheng IY et al (2021) Implications of the United States preventive services task force recommendations on prostate cancer stage migration. Clin Genitourin Cancer 19:e12\u2013e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2020.06.006","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"key":"1807_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4117","volume":"174","author":"JD Sammon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sammon JD et al (2014) Contemporary nationwide patterns of self-reported prostate-specific antigen screening. JAMA Intern Med 174:1839\u20131841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4117","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1807_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.055","volume":"112","author":"MW Vetterlein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vetterlein MW et al (2018) State-by-state variation in prostate-specific antigen screening trends following the 2011 United States preventive services task force panel update. Urology 112:56\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.055","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"1807_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237504","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7504","volume":"6","author":"S Kalavacherla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalavacherla S et al (2023) Low-value prostate-specific antigen screening in older males. JAMA Netw Open 6:e237504\u2013e237504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7504","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1807_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106892","volume":"154","author":"C Salmon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salmon C, Parent M-\u00c9, Quesnel-Vall\u00e9e A, Barnett TA (2022) A scoping review of social relationships and prostate cancer screening. Prev Med 154:106892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106892","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"1807_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2017.32","volume":"20","author":"KA Moses","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moses KA et al (2017) The impact of sociodemographic factors and PSA screening among low-income Black and White men: data from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 20:424\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pcan.2017.32","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"1807_CR14","unstructured":"Alkhatib, K. A.-O. et al. Does Veteran Status Mitigate Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Screening? Analysis of Prostate Specific Antigen Screening Patterns in the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data."},{"key":"1807_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-016-0776-8","volume":"27","author":"QD Trinh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trinh QD et al (2016) Determinants of cancer screening in Asian-Americans. Cancer Causes Control 27:989\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-016-0776-8","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"1807_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34433","volume":"128","author":"JW Lillard Jr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lillard JW Jr, Moses KA, Mahal BA, George DJ (2022) Racial disparities in Black men with prostate cancer: A literature review. Cancer 128:3787\u20133795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.34433","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1807_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2200031","author":"SP Basourakos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basourakos SP et al (2022) Harm-to-benefit of three decades of prostate cancer screening in black men. NEJM Evid. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/evidoa2200031","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"1807_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad193","author":"KH Kensler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kensler KH et al (2023) Prostate cancer screening in African American men: a review of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djad193","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1807_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1809937","volume":"381","author":"JC Denny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Denny JC (2019) The \u201cAll of Us\u201d research program. N Engl J Med 381:668\u2013676","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1807_CR20","unstructured":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 2020)."},{"key":"1807_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.05.006","volume":"37","author":"JM Croswell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Croswell JM, Ransohoff DF, Kramer BS (2010) Principles of cancer screening: lessons from history and study design issues. Semin Oncol 37:202\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.05.006","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"1807_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155798832110265","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883211026515","volume":"15","author":"H He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He H et al (2021) Nonlinear relationship between age and likelihood of undergoing prostate-specific antigen testing, and the predictive factors of testing at different ages. Am J Mens Health 15:15579883211026516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15579883211026515","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"1807_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2243449","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43449","volume":"5","author":"DD Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim DD et al (2022) Low-value prostate-specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening and subsequent health care utilization and spending. JAMA Netw Open 5:e2243449\u2013e2243449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43449","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1807_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00825.x","volume":"64","author":"D Telesca","year":"2008","unstructured":"Telesca D, Etzioni R, Gulati R (2008) Estimating lead time and overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening from prostate cancer incidence trends. Biometrics 64:10\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00825.x","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"1807_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.13.981","volume":"94","author":"R Etzioni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Etzioni R et al (2002) Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:981\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/94.13.981","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1807_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkad003","author":"Z Qian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qian Z et al (2023) Investigating the racial gap in prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen among younger men from 2012 to 2020. LID. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkad003","journal-title":"LID"},{"key":"1807_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01831-8","volume":"22","author":"S Conderino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conderino S et al (2022) The use of electronic health records to inform cancer surveillance efforts: a scoping review and test of indicators for public health surveillance of cancer prevention and control. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 22:91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01831-8","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"1807_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-07-2629","volume":"17","author":"GH Rauscher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rauscher GH, Johnson TP, Cho YI, Walk JA (2008) Accuracy of self-reported cancer-screening histories: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:748\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-07-2629","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T06:06:19Z","timestamp":1707026779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01807-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-5243","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"D.M.N. has served on advisory boards for Janssen Scientific Affairs and Telix Pharmaceuticals. The remaining authors have no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of Weill Cornell Medical College determined that this study did not constitute human subjects research (Protocol #23-07026250).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants upon enrollment into the All of Us Research Program.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}