{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:23:51Z","timestamp":1780723431025,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013743","name":"World Cancer Research Fund International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WCRF 2020\/035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WCRF 2020\/035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021078","name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is limited evidence of potential associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of vulvar and vaginal cancer. We explored these associations in a large cohort of Norwegian women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The analytical dataset included 889,441 women aged 16\u201375\u00a0years at baseline in 1963\u20131975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between BMI and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During 30.1 million person-years of follow-up, 1748 incident vulvar and 408 incident vaginal cancer cases occurred. The HRs (95% CIs) for vulvar cancer for a BMI of 15-\u2009&lt;\u200918.5, 18.5-\u2009&lt;\u200925, 25-\u2009&lt;\u200930, 30-\u2009&lt;\u200935,\u2009\u2265\u200935 were 0.62 (0.38\u20131.01), 1.00 (reference), 1.23 (1.10\u20131.40), 1.43 (1.23\u20131.66) and 1.72 (1.35\u20132.20, p<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and per 5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increment was 1.20 (1.13\u20131.26). The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for vaginal cancer were 1.05 (0.52\u20132.15), 1.00, 0.89 (0.71\u20131.12), 0.95 (0.68\u20131.34), and 2.01 (1.29\u20133.13, p<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively, and per 5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was 1.11 (0.99\u20131.25). The HR (95% CI) per 5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increase in BMI at ages 16\u201329 was 1.28 (1.07\u20131.54, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009250 cases) for vulvar and 1.53 (1.11\u20132.11, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200966 cases) for vaginal cancers. The HR (95% CI) per 5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for early-onset (&lt;\u200950\u00a0years age at diagnosis) vulvar cancer was 0.92 (0.66\u20131.28, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200987 cases) and 1.70 (1.05\u20132.76, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921 cases) for vaginal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results further support the associations between higher BMI and increased risk of vulvar and vaginal cancers, with suggestive stronger associations between BMI in early adulthood for both cancers and for early-onset vaginal cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-024-01930-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T08:53:42Z","timestamp":1730105622000},"page":"191-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between body mass index and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence: findings from a large Norwegian cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dagfinn","family":"Aune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Nordsletten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor \u00c5ge","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trude Eid","family":"Robsahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn Steen","family":"Sk\u00e5lhegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Mala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheraz","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al (2021) Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. 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