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We sought to determine whether stratification by race\/ethnicity would reveal unique risk factors for development of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) for US population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Analysis included 1,112 incident cases of NCGC and 190,883 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a prospective US cohort study that recruited individuals living in Hawaii and California, aged 45\u201375\u00a0years from 5 races\/ethnicities. Descriptive analysis and Cox regression models examined the association of risk factors for GC and calculate hazard ratios for each race\/ethnicity, adjusting for sociodemographic and dietary variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increasing age and male sex were risk factors for NCGC for most race\/ethnicities. Higher risk was associated with: GC family history for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.75 to 1.98]; foreign-born for Japanese American individuals [HR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.11\u20132.09]; lower education for African American, Japanese American, and Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 1.30 to 1.74]; daily alcohol consumption for African American individuals[HR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.35]; current smoking for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.89 to 1.94]; sodium consumption in the highest quartile for White individuals [HR: 2.55, 95% CI 1.23\u20135.26] compared to the lowest quartile; fruit consumption in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th highest quartile for Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 2.19 to 2.60] compared to the lowest quartile; diabetes for African American individuals [HR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.21\u20132.64]; and gastric\/duodenal ulcers for Native Hawaiian individuals [HR: 1.82, 95% CI 1.04\u20133.18].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Analyses by racial\/ethnic group revealed differing risk factors for NCGC. Increased knowledge of the varying pathways to GC can support personalized GC prevention strategies and risk stratification tools for early detection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-024-01934-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T09:03:00Z","timestamp":1730970180000},"page":"255-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Racial\/ethnic differences in risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atish","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srawani","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brijesh","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meira","family":"Epplein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian Z.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haejin","family":"In","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1934_CR1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society Key Statistics About Stomach Cancer. 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