{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1757617771585,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute\u2019s Director funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cancer survivors are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. However, beyond race, age, and sex, less is known about other neighborhood and psychosocial factors contribute to this increased risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The goal of this study was to examine the associations of individual and area-level social determinants of health (SDOH) measures, medical, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors and COVID-19 infection in a statewide cohort of cancer survivors in New Jersey.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Survey data from 864 cancer survivors in New Jersey were collected from 2018 to 2022, which were merged with study participant data from the state of New Jersey on COVID-19 diagnoses in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations of COVID-19 diagnosis with individual-level factors (cancer type and stage, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors) and area-level SDOH [Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to quantify racialized deprivation vs. privilege based on income].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cancer survivors born outside the US were more than twice as likely to contract COVID-19 compared to US-born survivors (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.01, 4.92). Compared to Quartile 4, residence in an area in Quartile 1 of racialized income ICE (i.e., predominantly Black, low income) was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 0.98, 4.87). Retired survivors had lower odds of COVID-19 (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19, 0.80) compared to those who were employed. Higher social well-being was associated with higher COVID-19 (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.13). Type of cancer and cancer treatments received were not associated with the risk of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Immigrant status and increased racialized deprivation as measured by ICE for income were associated with COVID-19. These findings support evidence that individual <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> area-level SDOH measures contribute to increased risk of COVID-19 among cancer survivors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T01:58:15Z","timestamp":1745546295000},"page":"853-870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociodemographic, medical, health behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with COVID-19 diagnoses in the New Jersey cancer survivor cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Manne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adana A. M.","family":"Llanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hari S.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa E.","family":"Paddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawna V.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denalee","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa V.","family":"Bandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacintha","family":"Peram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Solleder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Evens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1997_CR1","unstructured":"Worldometer (2024) United States coronavirus cases. Worldometer. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/country\/us\/. Accessed 22 Apr 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00907-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng Y, Lu W, Guo E et al (2020) Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Hematol Oncol 13(1):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00907-0","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.006","volume":"81","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma J, Yin J, Qian Y, Wu Y (2020) Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: a single center\u2019s retrospective study. J Infect 81(2):318\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.006","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-20-0516","volume":"10","author":"V Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R et al (2020) Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system. Cancer Discov 10(7):935\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-20-0516","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"1997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-20-0422","volume":"10","author":"M Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai M, Liu D, Liu M et al (2020) Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: a multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancer Discov 10(6):783\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-20-0422","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.20.00225","volume":"6","author":"VG Giannakoulis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Siempos II (2020) Effect of cancer on clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of patient data. JCO Global Oncol 6:799\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/GO.20.00225","journal-title":"JCO Global Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30096-6","volume":"21","author":"W Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang W, Guan W, Chen R et al (2020) Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 21(3):335\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30096-6","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.296","volume":"31","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhu F, Xie L et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. Ann Oncol 31(7):894\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.296","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.04.006","volume":"31","author":"H Miyashita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyashita H, Mikami T, Chopra N et al (2020) Do patients with cancer have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19? An experience in New York City. Ann Oncol 31(8):1088\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.04.006","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1200\/go.20.00097","volume":"6","author":"A Desai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai A, Sachdeva S, Parekh T, Desai R (2020) COVID-19 and cancer: lessons from a pooled meta-analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 6:557\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/go.20.00097","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30310-7","volume":"21","author":"K Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang K, Sheng Y, Huang C et al (2020) Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 21(7):904\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30310-7","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30309-0","volume":"21","author":"J Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian J, Yuan X, Xiao J et al (2020) Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 21(7):893\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30309-0","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102041","volume":"88","author":"A Addeo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Addeo A, Friedlaender A (2020) Cancer and COVID-19: unmasking their ties. Cancer Treat Rev 88:102041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102041","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"10241","key":"1997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)31187-9","volume":"395","author":"NM Kuderer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuderer NM, Choueiri TK, Shah DP et al (2020) Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study. Lancet 395(10241):1907\u20131918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)31187-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"1997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e053352","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053352","volume":"11","author":"A Akingboye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akingboye A, Mahmood F, Amiruddin N, Reay M, Nightingale P, Ogunwobi OO (2021) Increased risk of COVID-19-related admissions in patients with active solid organ cancer in the West Midlands region of the UK: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 11(12):e053352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053352","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061436","author":"A Bernard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bernard A, Cottenet J, Bonniaud P et al (2021) Comparison of cancer patients to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 inpatients at a national level. Cancers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13061436","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"1997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000712","volume":"43","author":"OM Al-Quteimat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Quteimat OM, Amer AM (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol 43(6):452","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30314-4","volume":"21","author":"MC Garassino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garassino MC, Whisenant JG, Huang L-C et al (2020) COVID-19 in patients with thoracic malignancies (TERAVOLT): first results of an international, registry-based, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 21:914\u2013922","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6178","volume":"7","author":"Q Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Q, Berger NA, Xu R (2021) Analyses of risk, racial disparity, and outcomes among US patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection. JAMA Oncol 7(2):220\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6178","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04328-4","volume":"100","author":"MM R\u00fcthrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00fcthrich MM, Giessen-Jung C, Borgmann S et al (2021) COVID-19 in cancer patients: clinical characteristics and outcome-an analysis of the LEOSS registry. Ann Hematol 100(2):383\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04328-4","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6548","volume":"323","author":"CW Yancy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yancy CW (2020) COVID-19 and African Americans. JAMA 323(19):1891\u20131892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.6548","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa070","volume":"42","author":"UV Mahajan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahajan UV, Larkins-Pettigrew M (2020) Racial demographics and COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths: a correlational analysis of 2886 US counties. J Public Health 42(3):445\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa070","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2251165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51165","volume":"6","author":"AAM Llanos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Llanos AAM, Ashrafi A, Ghosh N et al (2023) Evaluation of inequities in cancer treatment delay or discontinuation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA Netw Open 6(1):e2251165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51165","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20301-6_3","volume":"1152","author":"CG Yedjou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yedjou CG, Sims JN, Miele L et al (2019) Health and racial disparity in breast cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 1152:31\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-20301-6_3","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.54.2.78","volume":"54","author":"E Ward","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V et al (2004) Cancer disparities by race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin 54(2):78\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/canjclin.54.2.78","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0326-9","volume":"4","author":"H Landrine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landrine H, Corral I, Lee JGL, Efird JT, Hall MB, Bess JJ (2017) Residential segregation and racial cancer disparities: a systematic review. J Racial Ethn Health Dispar 4(6):1195\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-016-0326-9","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Dispar"},{"issue":"10","key":"1997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000530)19:10<1265::AID-SIM486>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"19","author":"B Zheng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zheng B (2000) Summarizing the goodness of fit of generalized linear models for longitudinal data. Stat Med 19(10):1265\u20131275","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.02.016","volume":"59","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Han X, Zhao J et al (2020) Financial hardship, healthcare utilization, and health among U.S. cancer survivors. Am J Prev Med 59(1):68\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.02.016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105755","volume":"126","author":"BD Hallowell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hallowell BD, Endeshaw M, McKenna MT, Senkomago V, Razzaghi H, Saraiya M (2019) Cancer mortality rates among US and foreign-born individuals: United States 2005\u20132014. Prev Med 126:105755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105755","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-21-0359","volume":"31","author":"O Tripathi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tripathi O, He Y, Han BY et al (2022) Cancer mortality in U.S.-Born versus foreign-born Asian American groups (2008\u20132017). Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 31(1):58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-21-0359","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"18","key":"1997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm127","volume":"99","author":"JD Albano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Albano JD, Ward E, Jemal A et al (2007) Cancer mortality in the United States by education level and race. J Natl Cancer Inst 99(18):1384\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djm127","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1997_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071811-150713","volume":"32","author":"N Parekh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parekh N, Chandran U, Bandera EV (2012) Obesity in cancer survival. Annu Rev Nutr 32:311\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071811-150713","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-022-01236-6","volume":"18","author":"AAM Llanos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Llanos AAM, Fong AJ, Ghosh N et al (2024) COVID-19 perceptions, impacts, and experiences: a cross-sectional analysis among New Jersey cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 18(2):439\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-022-01236-6","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11098-5","volume":"23","author":"S Manne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manne S, Devine K, Hudson S et al (2023) Factors associated with health-related quality of life in a cohort of cancer survivors in New Jersey. BMC Cancer 23(1):664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-023-11098-5","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13553","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13553","volume":"31","author":"AJ Fong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fong AJ, Evens AM, Bandera EV et al (2022) Survivorship transition care experiences and preparedness for survivorship among a diverse population of cancer survivors in New Jersey. Eur J Cancer Care 31(2):e13553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.13553","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.93.7.1137","volume":"93","author":"GK Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh GK (2003) Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969\u20131998. Am J Public Health 93(7):1137\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.93.7.1137","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"1997_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7326\/m13-2946","volume":"161","author":"AJ Kind","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kind AJ, Jencks S, Brock J et al (2014) Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and 30-day rehospitalization: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med 161(11):765\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m13-2946","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"1997_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","volume":"378","author":"AJH Kind","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kind AJH, Buckingham WR (2018) Making neighborhood-disadvantage metrics accessible\u2014the neighborhood atlas. N Engl J Med 378(26):2456\u20132458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1997_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab261","volume":"191","author":"JL Jahn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jahn JL (2022) Invited commentary: comparing approaches to measuring structural racism. Am J Epidemiol 191(4):548\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwab261","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2015.302955","volume":"106","author":"N Krieger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krieger N, Waterman PD, Spasojevic J, Li W, Maduro G, Van Wye G (2016) Public health monitoring of privilege and deprivation with the index of concentration at the extremes. Am J Public Health 106(2):256\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2015.302955","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pky009","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pky009","volume":"2","author":"N Krieger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krieger N, Feldman JM, Kim R, Waterman PD (2018) Cancer incidence and multilevel measures of residential economic and racial segregation for cancer registries. JNCI Cancer Spectrum. 2(1):pky009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pky009","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum."},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5382","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Gong R, Shi L et al (2023) Association of residential racial and economic segregation with cancer mortality in the US. JAMA Oncol 9(1):122\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5382","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1997_CR43","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry\/Geospatial Research Analysis aSP (2024) CDC\/ATSDR social vulnerability index 2014 database US. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/placeandhealth\/svi\/data_documentation_download.html. Accessed 17 Apr 2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039886","volume":"10","author":"C Taylor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taylor C, Rebecca K, Ruoran L et al (2020) US-county level variation in intersecting individual, household and community characteristics relevant to COVID-19 and planning an equitable response: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 10(9):e039886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039886","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.06.006","volume":"59","author":"IM Karaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karaye IM, Horney JA (2020) The impact of social vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: an analysis of spatially varying relationships. Am J Prev Med 59(3):317\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.06.006","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1997_CR46","unstructured":"Cancer Experiences Questionnaire (2022) Agency for healthcare research and quality. https:\/\/meps.ahrq.gov\/survey_comp\/hc_survey\/paper_quest\/2017\/CancerSAQ_En.shtml. Accessed 2 Nov 2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-008-0055-0","volume":"2","author":"EB Beckjord","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beckjord EB, Arora NK, McLaughlin W, Oakley-Girvan I, Hamilton AS, Hesse BW (2008) Health-related information needs in a large and diverse sample of adult cancer survivors: implications for cancer care. J Cancer Surviv 2(3):179\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-008-0055-0","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"5","key":"1997_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730490504233","volume":"9","author":"DE Nelson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nelson DE, Kreps GL, Hesse BW et al (2004) The health information national trends survey (HINTS): development; design, and dissemination. J Health Commun 9(5):443\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730490504233","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"1997_CR49","unstructured":"Follow-up Care Use Among Survivors (FOCUS) Survey (2022) National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. https:\/\/cancercontrol.cancer.gov\/ocs\/resources\/researchers\/FOCUS. Accessed 8 Feb 2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2501_03","volume":"25","author":"SM Vickberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vickberg SM (2003) The concerns about recurrence scale (CARS): a systematic measure of women\u2019s fears about the possibility of breast cancer recurrence. Ann Behav Med Winter 25(1):16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15324796abm2501_03","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med Winter"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.3.570","volume":"11","author":"DF Cella","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G et al (1993) The functional assessment of cancer therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol 11(3):570\u2013579","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1997_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35310","DOI":"10.2196\/35310","volume":"8","author":"N Valvi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valvi N, Patel H, Bakoyannis G, Haggstrom DA, Mohanty S, Dixon BE (2022) COVID-19 diagnosis and risk of death among adults with cancer in Indiana: retrospective cohort study. JMIR Cancer 8(4):e35310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/35310","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"1997_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01324-x","volume":"124","author":"AJX Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee AJX, Purshouse K (2021) COVID-19 and cancer registries: learning from the first peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Br J Cancer 124(11):1777\u20131784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-021-01324-x","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1997_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.09.035","volume":"141","author":"A Li\u00e8vre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li\u00e8vre A, Turpin A, Ray-Coquard I et al (2020) Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality among solid cancer patients and impact of the disease on anticancer treatment: a French nationwide cohort study (GCO-002 CACOVID-19). Eur J Cancer 141:62\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.09.035","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1997_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.2313","volume":"31","author":"P Grivas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grivas P, Warner J, Shyr Y et al (2020) LBA72 assessment of clinical and laboratory prognostic factors in patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the COVID-19 and cancer consortium (CCC19). Ann Oncol 31:S1202\u2013S1203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.2313","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-021-09668-1","volume":"41","author":"KM Horner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horner KM, Wrigley-Field E, Leider JP (2022) A first look: disparities in COVID-19 mortality among US-born and foreign-born Minnesota residents. Popul Res Policy Rev 41(2):465\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11113-021-09668-1","journal-title":"Popul Res Policy Rev"},{"key":"1997_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100860","volume":"15","author":"AR Riley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riley AR, Chen YH, Matthay EC et al (2021) Excess mortality among Latino people in California during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM Popul Health 15:100860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100860","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"1997_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.03.006","volume":"58","author":"E Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia E, Eckel SP, Chen Z, Li K, Gilliland FD (2021) COVID-19 mortality in California based on death certificates: disproportionate impacts across racial\/ethnic groups and nativity. Ann Epidemiol 58:69\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.03.006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"1997_CR59","unstructured":"Bennett J (2020) The share of immigrant workers in high-skill jobs is rising in the US"},{"key":"1997_CR60","unstructured":"Kochhar R, Bennett J (2021) Immigrants in US experienced higher unemployment in the pandemic but have closed the gap. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2021\/07\/26\/immigrants-in-us-experiencedhigher-unemployment-in-the-pandemic-but-have-closed-the-gap"},{"key":"1997_CR61","volume-title":"COVID-19\u2019s effects on US immigration and immigrant communities, two years on","author":"J Gelatt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gelatt J, Chishti M (2022) COVID-19\u2019s effects on US immigration and immigrant communities, two years on. Migration Policy Institute, Washington, DC"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256085","volume":"16","author":"N Goldman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldman N, Pebley AR, Lee K, Andrasfay T, Pratt B (2021) Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US. PLoS ONE 16(9):e0256085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256085","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36462","volume":"4","author":"M Karmakar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karmakar M, Lantz PM, Tipirneni R (2021) Association of social and demographic factors with COVID-19 incidence and death rates in the US. JAMA Netw Open 4(1):e2036462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36462","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2021.0118","volume":"6","author":"A Eichenbaum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eichenbaum A, Tate AD (2022) Health inequity in Georgia during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ecological analysis assessing the relationship between county-level racial\/ethnic and economic polarization using the ICE and SARS-CoV-2 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in Georgia as of October 2020. Health Equity 6(1):230\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/heq.2021.0118","journal-title":"Health Equity"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01265-y","volume":"10","author":"JL Scott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scott JL, Lee-Johnson NM, Danos D (2023) Place, race, and case: examining racialized economic segregation and COVID-19 in Louisiana. J Racial Ethn Health Dispar 10(2):775\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-022-01265-y","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Dispar"},{"key":"1997_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.04.003","volume":"59","author":"KM Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown KM, Lewis JY, Davis SK (2021) An ecological study of the association between neighborhood racial and economic residential segregation with COVID-19 vulnerability in the United States\u2019 capital city. Ann Epidemiol 59:33\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.04.003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1997_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003402","volume":"17","author":"MT Bassett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bassett MT, Chen JT, Krieger N (2020) Variation in racial\/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality by age in the United States: a cross-sectional study. PLoS Med 17(10):e1003402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003402","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1997_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001263","author":"JT Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen JT, Krieger N (2021) Revealing the unequal burden of COVID-19 by income, race\/ethnicity, and household crowding: US County versus zip code analyses. J Pub Health Manag Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001263","journal-title":"J Pub Health Manag Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039886","volume":"10","author":"T Chin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chin T, Kahn R, Li R et al (2020) US-county level variation in intersecting individual, household and community characteristics relevant to COVID-19 and planning an equitable response: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 10(9):e039886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039886","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"1997_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.12.016","volume":"60","author":"JM Cox-Ganser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cox-Ganser JM, Henneberger PK (2021) Occupations by proximity and indoor\/outdoor work: relevance to COVID-19 in all workers and black\/Hispanic workers. Am J Prev Med 60(5):621\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.12.016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1997_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276742","volume":"17","author":"C Jefferson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jefferson C, Watson E, Certa JM et al (2022) Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort. PLoS ONE 17(11):e0276742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0276742","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00598","volume":"39","author":"KMJ Azar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azar KMJ, Shen Z, Romanelli RJ et al (2020) Disparities in outcomes among COVID-19 patients in a large health care system in California. Health Aff 39(7):1253\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00598","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"1997_CR73","volume-title":"How many adults are at risk of serious illness if infected with Coronavirus? Updated data","author":"W Koma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koma W, Neuman T, Claxton G, Rae M, Kates J, Michaud J (2020) How many adults are at risk of serious illness if infected with Coronavirus? Updated data. Kaiser Family Foundation-KFF, San Francisco"},{"issue":"11","key":"1997_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2135967","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.35967","volume":"4","author":"JM Feldman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feldman JM, Bassett MT (2021) Variation in COVID-19 mortality in the US by race and ethnicity and educational attainment. JAMA Netw Open 4(11):e2135967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.35967","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2020.07.005","volume":"47","author":"R Pranata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pranata R, Lim MA, Yonas E et al (2021) Body mass index and outcome in patients with COVID-19: a dose-response meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab 47(2):101178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2020.07.005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"1997_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110391","volume":"146","author":"C Lombardi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lombardi C, Roca E, Ventura L, Cottini M (2021) Smoking and COVID-19, the paradox to discover: an Italian retrospective, observational study in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Med Hypotheses 146:110391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110391","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"8","key":"1997_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa188","volume":"23","author":"S Meini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meini S, Fortini A, Andreini R, Sechi LA, Tascini C (2021) The paradox of the low prevalence of current smokers among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in nonintensive care wards: results from an Italian multicenter case-control study. Nicotine Tob Res 23(8):1436\u20131440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa188","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"1997_CR78","unstructured":"Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino by Race. United States Census Bureau. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/cedsci\/table?g=0400000US34&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2. Accessed 1 Nov 2022"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T11:54:14Z","timestamp":1757159654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-025-01997-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-5243"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7225"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}