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The MOD was assigned as health check-up detected or clinically detected. Case proportion ratios (CPR) were used to compare MOD across determinant levels. Statistical association between demographic determinants and MOD were assessed using binomial regression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among the cancers recorded by the EBCR, 46% of breast (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205), 43% of cervical (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009146), and 50% of prostate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009250) cases were identified through health check-ups. MOD was not significantly linked to age or marital status. Health check-ups were less common in those with less than tertiary education [breast, CPR 0.61 (95% CI 0.46\u20130.80), cervical, CPR 0.73 (95% CI 0.49\u20131.08), prostate, CPR 0.64 (95% CI 0.50\u20130.82)]. Significantly, more cancers detected via health check-ups were assigned to palliative care compared to clinical detection (breast: 76% vs. 58%, cervical: 80% vs. 59%, prostate: 83% vs. 64%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Health check-up campaigns are a key source of new cases in EBCR, but cancers detected through them are more often assigned to palliative care than those detected clinically. The findings suggest that efforts at early detection are not expressed in treatments assignment. Pre-symptomatic individuals should be encouraged to participate in health check-ups and proper treatment made available to improve these programmes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T08:48:44Z","timestamp":1745398124000},"page":"947-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Method of detection, determinants and subsequent treatments for breast, cervical and prostate cancers in Edo\u2013Benin, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2839-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregrey Agbonvihele","family":"Oko-oboh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anssi","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlington Ewaen","family":"Obaseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Pitk\u00e4niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2001_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00720-8","volume":"23","author":"W Ngwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ngwa W, Addai BW, Adewole I, Ainsworth V, Alaro J, Alatise OI, Ali Z et al (2022) Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission. 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Eur J Epidemiol 32:521\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0292-5","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T12:13:11Z","timestamp":1757160791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02001-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-5243"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7225"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (Ethical Clearance Number ADM\/E 22\/A\/VOL.V11\/148301102) on April 17th, 2023.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This is a registry-based study, all patient information was de-identified and patient consent was not required. The Nigerian National System of Cancer Registries (the coordinating organization for cancer registries in Nigeria) has determined that expedited approval is sufficient for all cancer registration work and research at all sites in the country. , .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}