{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:26:58Z","timestamp":1778070418907,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer-related deaths and it is indicative of poor prognosis and progressive functional impairment. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of cachexia in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-surgical stool samples from\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009103 stage I\u2013III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) to characterize fecal bacteria. We calculated estimates of alpha- and beta-diversity and a priori- and exploratory-selected bacterial relative abundance. Using Fearon criteria, cachexia onset at 6\u00a0months post-surgery was defined as &gt;\u20095% weight loss over the past 6\u00a0months and\/or body mass index (BMI) of &lt;\u200920\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and weight loss of &gt;\u20092%. Associations of microbial metrics with cachexia onset were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher alpha-diversity was positively associated with cachexia onset, with stronger associations in females, patients\u2009&lt;\u200965\u00a0years, those receiving adjuvant treatment, consuming high fiber, or with energy intake outside USDA recommendations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      (OR\u2009=\u20090.51, 95% CI 0.26\u20130.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      (OR\u2009=\u20090.72, 95% CI 0.48\u20131.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08) were inversely associated with cachexia, although the association for\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      did not reach statistical significance. Stratified analyses revealed a stronger inverse association between\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and cachexia onset in males, patients with rectal or stage III tumors, those receiving neoadjuvant treatment, physically inactive individuals, and those consuming low fiber. However, these associations did not reach statistical significance (0.05\u2009\u2264\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.10).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher gut microbial alpha-diversity and lower relative abundances of the genera\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      in pre-surgery stool samples were associated with onset of cachexia in CRC patients six months post-surgery. This is the first study to explore a link between the gut microbiome and cachexia in CRC patients, providing novel insights into the biology of cachexia and potential clinical interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T13:18:17Z","timestamp":1756991897000},"page":"1795-1812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre-surgery gut microbial diversity and abundance are associated with post-surgery onset of cachexia in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mmadili N.","family":"Ilozumba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengda","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Himbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June L.","family":"Round","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zac Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy A.","family":"Warby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Hardikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane C.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Damerell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary C.","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartley","family":"Pickron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adetunji T.","family":"Toriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreana N.","family":"Holowatyj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kahlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamya","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Jedrzkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biljana","family":"Gigic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doratha A.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2042_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","volume":"12","author":"K Fearon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fearon K et al (2011) Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 12(5):489\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2042_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0087-1","volume":"4","author":"VC Vaughan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaughan VC, Martin P, Lewandowski PA (2013) Cancer cachexia: impact, mechanisms and emerging treatments. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 4(2):95\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13539-012-0087-1","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"no. 4","key":"2042_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i4.17","volume":"7","author":"T Aoyagi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aoyagi T, Terracina KP, Raza A, Matsubara H, Takabe K (2015) Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 7(4):17\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i4.17","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2042_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.09.008","volume":"49","author":"TW LeBlanc","year":"2015","unstructured":"LeBlanc TW et al (2015) Correlation between the international consensus definition of the Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome (CACS) and patient-centered outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 49(4):680\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.09.008","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2042_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S261585","volume":"12","author":"J Ni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ni J, Zhang L (2020) Cancer cachexia: definition, staging, and emerging treatments. Cancer Manag Res 12:5597\u20135605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CMAR.S261585","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"2042_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.984459","volume":"12","author":"Q Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan Q et al (2022) Prognostic value of cachexia index in patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. Front Oncol 12:984459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.984459","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"11A","key":"2042_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11E","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.074","volume":"101","author":"E Pasini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pasini E, Aquilani R, Dioguardi FS, D\u2019Antona G, Gheorghiade M, Taegtmeyer H (2008) Hypercatabolic syndrome: molecular basis and effects of nutritional supplements with amino acids. Am J Cardiol 101(11A):11E-15E. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.074","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2042_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.96.2.526","volume":"96","author":"SD Anker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anker SD et al (1997) Hormonal changes and catabolic\/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure and their importance for cardiac cachexia. Circulation 96(2):526\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.96.2.526","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8A","key":"2042_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.001","volume":"93","author":"E Pasini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pasini E, Aquilani R, Dioguardi FS (2004) Amino acids: chemistry and metabolism in normal and hypercatabolic states. Am J Cardiol 93(8A):3A-5A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2042_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101508","volume":"35","author":"J Ziemons","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziemons J, Smidt ML, Damink SO, Rensen SS (2021) Gut microbiota and metabolic aspects of cancer cachexia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 35(3):101508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101508","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2042_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.209","volume":"10","author":"LB Bindels","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bindels LB et al (2016) Synbiotic approach restores intestinal homeostasis and prolongs survival in leukaemic mice with cachexia. ISME J 10(6):1456\u20131470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2015.209","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2042_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037971","volume":"7","author":"LB Bindels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bindels LB et al (2012) Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS ONE 7(6):e37971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037971","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2042_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30569-5","volume":"8","author":"SA Potgens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Potgens SA et al (2018) Klebsiella oxytoca expands in cancer cachexia and acts as a gut pathobiont contributing to intestinal dysfunction. Sci Rep 8(1):12321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-30569-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2042_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12804","volume":"12","author":"J Ubachs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ubachs J et al (2021) Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid alterations in cachectic cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12(6):2007\u20132021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12804","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2042_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ulrich CM, Gigic B, B\u00f6hm J, Ose J, Viskochil R, Schneider M, Colditz GA, Figueiredo JC, Grady WM, Li CI, Shibata D (2019) The ColoCare study: a paradigm of transdisciplinary science in colorectal cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 28(3):591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-0773","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-0773"},{"key":"2042_CR16","unstructured":"Himbert C, Stephens WZ, Gigic B, Hardikar S, Holowatyj AN, Lin T, Ose J, Swanson E, Ashworth A, Warby CA, Peoples AR (2022) Differences in the gut microbiome by physical activity and BMI among colorectal cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 12(10):4789\u20134801"},{"issue":"3","key":"2042_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2021.02.007","volume":"20","author":"Y Eisele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eisele Y et al (2021) Fusobacterium nucleatum and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer: results from the ColoCare study. Clin Colorectal Cancer 20(3):e165\u2013e172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clcc.2021.02.007","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2042_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.12.009","volume":"17","author":"JL Kubinak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kubinak JL et al (2015) MyD88 signaling in T cells directs IgA-mediated control of the microbiota to promote health. Cell Host Microbe 17(2):153\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2014.12.009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"2042_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109916","volume":"37","author":"WZ Stephens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephens WZ et al (2021) Epithelial-myeloid exchange of MHC class II constrains immunity and microbiota composition. Cell Rep 37(5):109916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109916","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2042_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","volume":"25","author":"J Wirbel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wirbel J et al (2019) Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer. Nat Med 25(4):679\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2042_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0040-3","volume":"3","author":"JL Drewes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drewes JL et al (2017) High-resolution bacterial 16S rRNA gene profile meta-analysis and biofilm status reveal common colorectal cancer consortia. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 3:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-017-0040-3","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2042_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00998-8","volume":"15","author":"Y Ni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ni Y et al (2021) Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients. ISME J 15(11):3207\u20133220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-021-00998-8","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2042_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panebianco C, et al. (2023) Targeting gut microbiota in cancer cachexia: towards new treatment options. Int J Mol Sci 24(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24031849","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031849"},{"issue":"7","key":"2042_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i7.1218","volume":"14","author":"A Hendifar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hendifar A et al (2022) Gut microbiome and pancreatic cancer cachexia: an evolving relationship. World J Gastrointest Oncol 14(7):1218\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i7.1218","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"2042_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.023","volume":"87","author":"N Mac Giollabhui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mac Giollabhui N, Ellman LM, Coe CL, Byrne ML, Abramson LY, Alloy LB (2020) To exclude or not to exclude: considerations and recommendations for C-reactive protein values higher than 10 mg\/L. Brain Behav Immun 87:898\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2042_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051155","author":"GA Soliman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soliman GA (2019) Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11051155","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2042_CR27","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020\u20132025, December 2020. [Online]. Available: DietaryGuidelines.gov"},{"issue":"no. 25","key":"2042_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i25.3837","volume":"27","author":"BN Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu BN, Liu XT, Liang ZH, Wang JH (2021) Gut microbiota in obesity. World J Gastroenterol 27(25):3837\u20133850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i25.3837","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7228","key":"2042_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","volume":"457","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ et al (2009) A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457(7228):480\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07540","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2042_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000481519","volume":"10","author":"CN Heiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heiss CN, Olofsson LE (2018) Gut microbiota-dependent modulation of energy metabolism. J Innate Immun 10(3):163\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000481519","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"2042_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhowmick N, et al (2024) Fecal microbiome composition and plasma metabolomics in pancreatic cancer cachexia treated with nutritional support. Communication [Preprint] 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202401.0727.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202401.0727.v1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2042_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G246","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00321.2016","volume":"312","author":"JF Pierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pierre JF (2017) Gastrointestinal immune and microbiome changes during parenteral nutrition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312(3):G246\u2013G256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00321.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2042_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11123002","author":"R Moron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moron R, Galvez J, Colmenero M, Anderson P, Cabeza J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME (2019) The importance of the microbiome in critically ill patients: role of nutrition. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11123002","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"2042_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.04.024","volume":"120","author":"S Andersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andersen S, Banks M, Bauer J (2020) Nutrition support and the gastrointestinal microbiota: a systematic review. J Acad Nutr Diet 120(9):1498\u20131516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2020.04.024","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2042_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.12.008","volume":"13","author":"RG Baker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baker RG, Hayden MS, Ghosh S (2011) NF-kappaB, inflammation, and metabolic disease. Cell Metab 13(1):11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.12.008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2042_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.08.002","volume":"18","author":"Y Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zeng J, Chen G, Xie X, Guo W, Tian W (2016) Periodontitis contributes to adipose tissue inflammation through the NF-<kappa>B, JNK and ERK pathways to promote insulin resistance in a rat model. Microbes Infect 18(12):804\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.08.002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2042_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.83395","volume":"14","author":"M Kerdreux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kerdreux M et al (2023) Porphyromonas gingivalis in colorectal cancer and its association to patient prognosis. J Cancer 14(9):1479\u20131485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/jca.83395","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2042_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25965-x","volume":"12","author":"S Okumura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okumura S et al (2021) Gut bacteria identified in colorectal cancer patients promote tumourigenesis via butyrate secretion. Nat Commun 12(1):5674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-25965-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2042_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","volume":"7","author":"DJ Morrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morrison DJ, Preston T (2016) Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism. Gut Microbes 7(3):189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2042_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw067","volume":"75","author":"CM van der Beek","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Beek CM, Dejong CH, Troost FJ, Masclee AA, Lenaerts K (2017) Role of short-chain fatty acids in colonic inflammation, carcinogenesis, and mucosal protection and healing. Nutr Rev 75(4):286\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw067","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2042_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0355822","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03558-22","volume":"11","author":"SM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang SM, Huang SL (2023) The commensal anaerobe veillonella dispar reprograms its lactate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production during the stationary phase. Microbiol Spectr 11(2):e0355822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03558-22","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"20","key":"2042_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01255","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01255-20","volume":"86","author":"DP Wicaksono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wicaksono DP, Washio J, Abiko Y, Domon H, Takahashi N (2020) Nitrite production from nitrate and its link with lactate metabolism in oral Veillonella spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 86(20):e01255-e1320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01255-20","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"no. 7","key":"2042_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0485-4","volume":"25","author":"J Scheiman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scheiman J et al (2019) Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism. Nat Med 25(7):1104\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0485-4","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2042_CR44","unstructured":"Bowden GH (1996) Actinomyces, Propionibacterium propionicus, and Streptomyces, 4th ed. (Medical Microbiology). Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"},{"key":"2042_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110787","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1110787","volume":"13","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Hu Y, Tang J, Xu W, Zhu W, Zhang W (2023) The implication of gut microbiota in recovery from gastrointestinal surgery. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1110787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1110787","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:31:14Z","timestamp":1763559074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-025-02042-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-5243","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}